• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 2008

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) on blood components and electrolytes, as well as elected tissues on mice. The mice were supplied either tap water (control group) and ERW (experimental group) for two months. There were no significant different between two groups anatomically and physiologically. In the blood electrolyte study, the experimental group had less Na and BUN compared to the control group. In the blood component study, the experimental group had less neutrophiles and the control group had more lymphocytes. In histological study, no tissue changes were noticed in various organs, including the stomach, small intestine, heart, and liver tissues. In conclusion, ERW has no noticable side affects on blood and organ tissues, and might be safe to a living body.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2010

We investigated the burning process of the virgin hair and straight permed hair using thermal analyser and scanning electron microscopy. After the thermal analysis, we found that weight started to change from $100^{\circ}C$. Whereas straight permed hair has weight decrease rate of 2.6% higher than the virgin hair till $200^{\circ}C$, those were 64.9% and 64.4% for the virgin and straight permed hairs, respectively at $300^{\circ}C$. At $400^{\circ}C$, the weight decrease rate of the virgin hair became lower than the other; they were 32.3% and 33.4% for the virgin and straight permed hairs, respectively. Final values were 25.4% and 28.3% at $500^{\circ}C$, which showed that final weight of burnt straight permed hair was higher than the virgin hair by about 2.9%. In terms of morphological changes, the hair started to melt together with adjacent ones by burning till $300^{\circ}C$. The medulla and cortex were melt and the inside was empty like bamboo. The hair burnt till $500^{\circ}C$ was entirely carbonized and found as a clod. We found many blowholes at the surface of the hair clump.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.605-611
• /
• 2006

To investigate the possible use of probiont in fish farming industry, a bacterium with inhibitory effect against Vibrio anguillarum was isolated from gastrointestinal tract of the marine fish of yellow tail. It was identified to be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H41 based on biochemical and physiological characterization. The optimal growth conditions of the isolated strain were 1% peptone, 1.5% yeast extract, 1% sucrose, 0.5% NaCl, 0.05% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$, pH 7.0-8.0, and 20 hr of incubation between $28-35^{\circ}C$ under aeration. The culture supernatant of the isolated strain showed inhibition activity against V. anguillarum. Inhibition activity was cleared by forming a clear zone by a paper-disk method. The maximal production of growth inhibition factor was induced by cultivation under 1% peptone, 1.5% yeast extract, 1% sucrose, 1% NaCl, 0.05% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$, pH 7.5 and at $35^{\circ}C$. The highest growth inhibition factor production was observed after 16-24 hr cultivation under aeration. The culture supernatant of the isolated strain showed inhibition activity whereas no inhibition activity was shown from the standard B. amyloliquefaciens KCTC 1724 strain. The growth inhibition affected only against V. anguillarum among other pathogenic Vibrios tested here.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.682-688
• /
• 2013

We investigated a physiological function by fermenting a medicinal mushroom, (Cudrania tricuspidata fruit). A fermentation using lactic acid bacteria and the extracts isolated from 70% ethanol fractionation was included in cultured mouse spleen cells for cytokine secretion. As a result, total polyphenol content improved by 47% by organic acid fermentation. This was regarded as immune activity in fermented C. tricuspidata fruits, as the levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 secretion increased. In addition, when the extracts were treated with a stimulant lipopolysaccharide, the secretion of helper T (Th) 1 cytokines IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ was suppressed, while the secretion of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 significantly increased. Therefore, this study suggests that fermentative C. tricuspidata fruit extracts can contribute to the suppression of cellular immune reactions induced by the expression of Th1 cells and activation of the expression of Th2 cells inducing humoral immune reactions associated with the antibody generation by B lymphocytes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the cosmeceutical activities of Persicae semen. Cosmeceutical activities include anti-oxidant, tyrosinase inhibition effects and nitrite scavenging ability. The Persicae semen was divided into three parts, Bean of Persicae semen (BPS), Shell of Persicae semen (SPS) and Nibs of Persicae semen (NPS). In the electron donating ability test, 1,000ppm of water extract from BPS showed an effect of 89%, while 1,000 ppm of ethanol extract from SPS showed an effect of 87%. These results are higher compared to those of BHA at the equal concentration. We were able to get an effect of 98% from all of Persicae semen ethanol extract of 10,000 ppm in the tyrosinase inhibition test. Nitrite scavenging ability test, ethanol extract from BPS was decreasing to 96% by addition of 1,000ppm. According to these results, we find that Persicae semen applicable to advanced material for cosmetics. From the above results, it was confirmed that Persicae semen could be used in functional cosmetics.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2011

To investigate the alleviative effect of white tea water extract on the inflammation and skin barrier damage, skin aging animal model was produced by the irradiation of UVB to the backs of hairless mice for 12 weeks. And then experimental materials were applied topically for 4 weeks. At the 28th day of experiment, positive control (PC, 0.01% retinoic acid treatment) and experimental groups (E1, 1% white tea water extract treatment; E2, 2% white tea water extract treatment) had significantly (p<0.001) lower values of both skin erythema index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) than the control (C, saline treatment) group. The appearance of mast cell and the degree of its degranulation in dermal and subcutaneous layers were remarkably reduced in E1 and E2 groups compared to the C group. It is found that white tea water extract is effective in skin barrier damage and inflammation in hairless mouse.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the whitening effect of Camellia sinensis water extract (CSWE), CSWE was treated to melan-a cells. Total polyphenol contents and flavonoid contents of CSWE were 102 mg/g and 87 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability of CSWE revealed a dose-dependent response, showing the excellent ability of 82% at 800 ${\mu}g$/mL, and which was higher than the arbutin (48%). The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the melanin synthesis and the development of melanocyte dendrites was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) inhibited both intra-cellular and cell-extracted tyrosinase activities. And inhibitory efficacies of CSWE on both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were significantly (p<0.001) higher than the arbutin. The tyrosinase protein expression was not influenced by arbutin treatment. However, CSWE treatment significantly (p<0.001) reduced it. Both arbutin and CSWE treatment did not influence on mRNA expressions of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and tyrosinase related protein-2.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2012

In this study, fine structures of silica, titanium dioxide, talc and kaolin used in decorative cosmetics and the mixture extracted from BB cream cosmetics were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Kaolin had plate like shape structures of polygon with smooth surface and edge of kaolin had a relatively smooth appearance in comparison with talc. Also, thickness of each layer was estimated to about $0.1{\mu}M$ in the lump formed in stratum of several layers. Talc was observed by lumps shape phase of layering very thin flake. Boundary of thin flake was sharp or angular phase and thickness of flake was approximately 600 nm in diameter. When comparing the thickness of kaolin and talc, we was confirmed that kaolin was thicker than talc. Diameter of titanium dioxide was estimated to 0.2~0.3 ${\mu}M$ and surface of particle was a soft cubic form. Silica was confirmed that variety of size from 200 nm to $15{\mu}M$ of globular shape was measured. From the observation of inorganic pigments, silica was homogeneous dispersed in the BB cream cosmetics and among each other was filled with relatively small size like talc, kaolin, titanium dioxide and iron oxide. In conclusion, we suggest that silica at decorative cosmetics were formed in cosmetic coat at the skin as the minimum thickness.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.42-55
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify the contents of department stores and large-scale discount stores of consumer on information source, shopping orientation and store image in an effort to determine which variable gave a crucial impact on cosmetics department stores and large-scale discount stores selection behavior. The subjects of this study were 557 adult women visited department store and large-scale discount store in Busan. The data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Frequency analysis, Correlation analysis, Cronabach $\alpha$ and Regression analysis. The results were as follows; 1. There was a difference in the demographical characteristics on department stores and large-scale discount stores of consumers. 2. Shopping Orientation of consumers were categorized into 5 types, and information source of consumers did 3 types, and store image of consumers did 5 types. 3. Leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, store information, personal information, massmedia information, product & operate on, store atmosphere & salesperson and shopping convenience had positive correlations with cosmetics department stores selection beavior. but convenient location, rationality & economy and sales promotion had negative correlations with cosmetics department stores selection beavior. 4. Rationality & economy and sales promotion had positive correlations with cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. but convenient location, leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, massmedia information, product & operate on, store atmosphere & salesperson and shopping convenience had negative correlations with cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. 5. Age, income, business(-), convenient location(-), rationality & economy(-), leisure utilization, store & brand loyalty, store information, personal information, massmedia information, store atmosphere & salesperson, shopping convenience and sales promotion(-) had a direct effect on cosmetics department stores selection beavior. Age, income, marriage, education had an indirect effect on department stores selection beavior through information source and store image, and information source did through store image, and shopping orientation did through store image. 6. Rationality & economy, convenient location(-), leisure utilization(-), store & brand loyalty(-), buying independence(-), personal information, massmedia information(-), product & operate on(-), shopping convenience(-) and sales promotion had a direct effect on cosmetics large-scale discount stores selection beavior. Age, income, marriage, education had an indirect effect on large-scale discount stores selection beavior through information source, shopping orientation and store image, and information source did through store image, and shopping orientation did through store image.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.1022-1029
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to search for the anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts obtained from 5 kinds of oriental medical plant; Pleuropterus multiflorus extract (PME), Acorus calamus L. extract (ACE), Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. extract (LEE), Xanthium strumarium L. extract (XSE), Lonicera japonica extract (LJE), which have traditionally been used as a drug in oriental medical plants in Korea. XSE showed cytotoxicity at 100, $200{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in RAW264.7 cells (p<0.05) and ACE showed cytotoxicity at $200{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in RAW264.7 cells (p<0.05). But other oriental medical plants did not showed cytotoxicity was observed in RAW264.7 cells below $200{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. These extracts at non-toxic concentrations showed anti-inflammatory effects. PME, ACE, XSE and LJE showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on NO production and $PGE_2$ production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In particular, XSE showed the highest NO production inhibition ($52.9{\mu}g/ml$, $IC_{50}$) as well as the highest $PGE_2$ production inhibition at $50{\mu}g/ml$ (73.6%). ACE and LEE showed cell proliferation effects on HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Especially, LEE showed 21.1, 53.5 and 99.6% proliferative activity by incubation for 1, 3, 5days at $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. ACE also showed 11.2, 26.0% proliferative activity for 1day and 3days at $10{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. As a result of this study, ethanol extracts obtained from 5 kinds of oriental medical plant showed anti-inflammatory activity and HaCaT cell regeneration effect.