• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability and a common musculoskeletal disorder encountered at some point in life. Dysfunction of the lumbar vertebrae has been associated with decreased flexibility of the hamstrings, which exhibited a strong positive correlation with LBP. Hamstring tension affects lumbar pelvic rhythm. We aimed to activate pelvic stability with compression by Active Therapeutic Movement (ATM), muscle energy technique (MET) was applied to increase the flexibility of the hamstring. Objects: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MET with ATM and general MET were applied to the hamstring of adults, who were in their twenties with nor without LBP, on their pelvic inclination and the length of their hamstring. Methods: A total of 32 subjects were briefed about the purpose of this study and agreed to participate voluntarily. Before the experiment, all subjects were pre-examined, and they were divided into an LBP group and a no lower back pain group accordingly. Thereafter, all subjects participated in both in a crossover manner. After at least one week, they switched to another group and participated in the same experiment. Results: The study results revealed that both groups demonstrated significant results in the modified active knee extension test (p < 0.01) and the sit and reach test (p < 0.01) performed to assess the hamstring flexibility; an interaction (p < 0.05) was noted. Moreover, a more significant difference was observed between the MET with ATM and the general MET. Although significant results were obtained for the pelvic inclination (p < 0.01), interaction was not noted. Conclusion: Conclusively, in this study, when the MET with ATM was applied to the two groups, there was a significant difference compared to the general MET for hamstring flexibility, but it was confirmed that there was no significant difference for the pelvic inclination.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2007

The mechanism of acacetin-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells was investigated. Acacetin caused 50% growth inhibition ($IC_{50}$) of MCF-7 cells at $26.4{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$ over 24 h in the MTT assay. Apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation and an increase of sub-G1 cells and involved activation of caspase-7 and PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase). Maximum caspase 7 activity was observed with $100{\mu}M$ acacetin for 24 h. Caspase 8 and 9 activation cascades mediated the activation of caspase 7. Acacetin caused a reduction of Bcl-2 expression leading to an increase of the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. It also caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential that induced release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) into the cytoplasm, enhancing ROS generation and subsequently resulting in apoptosis. Pretreatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS generation and cell growth inhibition, and pretreatment with NAC or a caspase 8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK) inhibited the acacetin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c and AIF. Stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun $NH_4$-terminal kinase 1/2 (SAPK/JNK1/2) and c-Jun were activated by acacetin but extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) nor p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were not. Our results show that acacetin-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells is mediated by caspase activation cascades, ROS generation, mitochondria-mediated cell death signaling and the SAPK/JNK1/2-c-Jun signaling pathway, activated by acacetin-induced ROS generation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1987

우리나라 장수자(長壽者)의 생활(生活) 및 의식조사연구(意識調査硏究)의 일환(一環)으로 장수자(長壽者)의 과거(過去)의 건강(健康), 질병(疾病) 및 고통(苦痛)에 대한 대처태도(對處態度) 등을 조사(調査) 비교(比較)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 갱년기(更年期)($40{\sim}60$세(歲))의 건강상태(健庶狀態)가 ${\ulcorner}$대단히 건강했다${\lrcorner}$가 71.0%로 가장 많고, 그 다음이 ${\ulcorner}$건강이 보통이었다${\lrcorner}$가 21.6%로서, 전체 장수자의 91.6%가 보통이상의 건강상태를 유지했다. 2. 노년기(老年期)에 접어든 후 질병(疾病)이나 부상(負傷)을 당한경험(經驗)이 ${\ulcorner}$없었다${\lrcorner}$고 대답한 경우가 74.7%로 대부분을 차지한 반면 ${\ulcorner}$있었다${\lrcorner}$고 대답한 경우는 22.6%에 불과했다. 3. 질병(疾病)이나 부상(負傷)이 ${\ulcorner}$있었다${\lrcorner}$고 한 경우의 내석(內讀)을 비교(比較)하여 보면 ${\ulcorner}$소화기질병(肖化器疾患)${\lrcorner}$이 32.6%로 가장 많고, 그 다음이 ${\ulcorner}$뇌졸중(腦卒中) 고혈압(高血壓)${\lrcorner}$ 14.0%, ${\ulcorner}$심장병(心臟病)${\lrcorner}$ 14.0%, ${\ulcorner}$호흡기질환(呼吸器疾患)${\lrcorner}$ 12.8%의 순으로 되어있었다. 4. 고통(苦痛)에 대한 경험(經驗)을 조사(調査)하여 본 결과(結果), 고통(苦痛)이 ${\ulcorner}$없었다${\lrcorner}$가 55.7%, ${\ulcorner}$있었다${\lrcorner}$가 44.3%로 거의 비슷한 경향(傾向)이었고, 고통(苦痛)에 대한 경험내독(經驗內譯)을 보면 ${\ulcorner}$가정생활${\lrcorner}$이 81.1%로 대부분을 차지한 반면 ${\ulcorner}$사업${\lrcorner}$ 등은 10. l%에 불과해서 가정생활에 많은 문제가 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 5. 고통(苦痛)에 대한 대처태도(對處態度)를 비교(比較)하여 보면 빨리 ${\ulcorner}$잊을려고 노력(努力)했다${\lrcorner}$가 51.2%로 가장 많았고 그 다음이 ${\ulcorner}$계속 걱정을 했다${\lrcorner}$(33.3%), ${\ulcorner}$걱정을 하지 않았다${\lrcorner}$(7. 1)의 순이었다. 6. 장수(長壽)한 사람들의 초경년령(初經年齡)은 ${\ulcorner}$$16{\sim}18$세(歲)${\lrcorner}$가 38.8%로 가장 많고, 그 다음이 ${\ulcorner}$l9세(歲)이후${\lrcorner}$가 25.2%로서 전체 장수자의 64.0%가 16세이상에서 초경(初經)이 나타났으며, 폐경년령(閉經年齡)은 ${\ulcorner}$$41{\sim}43$세(歲)${\lrcorner}$가 36.4%로 가장 많고, 그 다음이 ${\ulcorner}$$44{\sim}46$세(歲)${\lrcorner}$가 28.5%로서 전체 장수자의 64.9%가 46세(歲)이하에서 폐경현상(閉經現象)이 나타났다. 따라서 장수한 사람들의 초경년령(初經年齡)은 현재보다 $4{\sim}5$년(年) 늦은 반면 폐경년령(閉經年齡)은 현재보다 $4{\sim}5$년(年) 빨랐음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2015

Genomic DNA samples isolated from geographical purplish Washington clam (Saxidomus purpuratus) were obtained from three different regions in the Korean Peninsula: Geoje (Geoje population; GJP), Gunsan (Gunsan population; GSP) and a site of North Korea (North Korea population; NKP). The seven primers generated the total 369 loci that can be scored from the GSP clam population. 356 fragments were generated from the NKP clam population. The complexity of the banding patterns varies dramatically between the primers and three localities. In this study, 319 loci were identified in the purplish Washington clam from Geoje and 369 in the clam population from Gunsan: 221 specific loci (69.3%) in the GJP clam population and 300 (81.3%) in the GSP population. These results demonstrate that the primer detected a large quantity of specific fragments, suggesting that the genetic variation in the GSP is higher than in the GJP population. In particular, the BION-28 primer gave DNA profiles with more fragments than the other six primers in the NKP population. The oligonucleotides primer BION-75 produced 21 unique loci to each population, which were ascertaining each population, approximately 250 bp, 300 bp and 400 bp, in the GJP population. Outstandingly, the primer BION-50 detected 21 shared loci by the three populations, major and/or minor fragments of sizes 150 bp, which were matching in all samples. With regard to average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from GJP population (0.743) displayed higher bandsharing values than did individuals from GSP population (0.606). In the present study, the dendrogram gained by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (GEOJE 01 ~ GEOJE 07), cluster 2 (GUNSAN 08 ~ GUNSAN 14), cluster 3 (N.KOREA 15 ~ N.KOREA 21). Among the twenty one clams, the shortest genetic distance that revealed significant molecular differences was between individuals 08 and 09 from the NKP population (genetic distance = 0.073), while the longest genetic distance among the twenty-one individuals that demonstrated significant molecular differences was between individuals GEOJE no. 03 and GUNSAN no. 09 (genetic distance = 0.669). Comparatively, individuals of GJP population were properly closely related to that of NKP population, as revealed in the hierarchical dendrogram of genetic distances. In due course, PCR analysis has revealed the significant genetic distance among three purplish Washington clam populations. PCR fragments discovered in this study could be valuable as a DNA marker of the three geographical clam populations to distinguish.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제1권
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• pp.201-214
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• 1983

Aspirin이 위점막(胃粘膜)에 손상(損傷)을 일으키는 기전(機轉)을 해명(解明)하고 침해(侵害)받는 세포(細胞)의 종류(種類) 및 형태(形態)를 구명(究明)하고자 rat에 체중(體重) 1kg당(當) 60mg을 경구(經口) 및 피하(皮下)로 투여(投與)한 후(後) 경시적(經時的)으로 임상소견(臨床所見)을 관찰(觀察)함과 동시(同時)에 위점막세포(胃粘膜細胞)의 형태적변화(形態的變化)를 광학(光學) 및 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的)으로 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. aspirin의 경구(經口) 및 피하투여(皮下投與)에 의(衣)하여 특별(特別)한 임상소견(臨床所見)이나 위점막(胃粘膜)의 육안적(肉眼的) 및 광학현미경적(光學顯微鏡的) 소견(所見)은 인정(認定)되지 않았으나 미세형태학적(微細形態學的)으로는 투여경로(投與經路)에 관계(關係)없이 명백(明白)한 변화(變化)를 인정(認定)할 수 있었다. 즉(卽) 위점막세포중(胃粘膜細胞中) 가장 심하게 손상(損傷)받는 세포(細胞)는 벽세포(壁細胞)와 주세포(主細胞)로서 벽세포(壁細胞)에서는 SER과 intracellular canaliculi의 증식(增殖)이, 그리고 주세포(主細胞)에서는 RER의 단열(斷裂), 확장(擴張) 및 효소원과립(酵素原顆粒)의 수적감소(數的減少)와 구조적이상(構造的異常)과 같은 가역적(可逆的) 변성변화(變性變化)가 인정(認定)되었으며 점액세포(粘液細胞), 점액경세포(粘液頸細胞), 기저과립세포(基底顆粒細胞)는 비교적(比較的) 경(經)한 변화(變化)를 보였다. 경구투여군(經口投與群)보다는 경미(輕微)하지만 피하주입군(皮下注入群)에서도 경구투여군(經口投與群)에 상응(相應)하는 변화(變化)를 나타낸 점(点)은 aspirin에 의한 위점막(胃粘膜) 손상(損傷)이 aspirin의 직접적영향외(直接的影響外)에 혈중(血中) aspirin 농도(濃度)에 의(依)한 간접적손상(間接的損傷)도 가미(加味)된다는 것을 시사(示唆)하는 형태적소견(形態的所見)이라고 생각(生覺)되었다.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.6.1-6.12
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• 2018

Morphine tolerance remains a challenge in the management of chronic pain in the clinic. As shown in our previous study, the dopamine D2 receptor (D2DR) expressed in spinal cord neurons might be involved in morphine tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, selective spinal D2DR blockade attenuated morphine tolerance in mice by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in a ${\mu}$ opioid receptor (MOR)-dependent manner. Levo-corydalmine (l-CDL), which exhibited micromolar affinity for D2DR in D2/CHO-K1 cell lines in this report and effectively alleviated bone cancer pain in our previous study, attenuated morphine tolerance in rats with chronic bone cancer pain at nonanalgesic doses. Furthermore, the intrathecal administration of l-CDL obviously attenuated morphine tolerance, and the effect was reversed by a D2DR agonist in mice. Spinal D2DR inhibition and l-CDL also inhibited tolerance induced by the MOR agonist DAMGO. l-CDL and a D2DR small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased the increase in levels of phosphorylated Akt and MAPK in the spinal cord; these changes were abolished by a PI3K inhibitor. In addition, the activated Akt and MAPK proteins in mice exhibiting morphine tolerance were inhibited by a MOR antagonist. Intrathecal administration of a PI3K inhibitor also attenuated DAMGO-induced tolerance. Based on these results, l-CDL antagonized spinal D2DR to attenuate morphine tolerance by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-dependent MAPK phosphorylation through MOR. These findings provide insights into a more versatile treatment for morphine tolerance.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.95-120
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• 1996

College level educational training system for the allied health manpower in the country is one of the oldest junior college education programs, and has been developed at very steady phase. Since the school years of the programs limited for 2 to 3 years by the education related law, qualification of the manpower is insufficient to meet the rapidly changing needs in the field of allied health and medicine. The system is comparable with that of developed countries where 4-year baccalaureate degree programs are basically required to be an allied health personnel. Thus, education and training background of allied health program graduates of the country confronts the barriers in competition and cooperation with the graduates of foreign countries at equal basis. Beside, junior college graduates can hardly find the way through advanced courses at 4-year colleges in their specialties except a few programs such as environmental sicience or courses in hygiene. It has long been sought to develop the education and training programs for junior college graduates. Some of them are already materilized and some show remarkable progress while some need to tackle. Wide opening of the opportunity to enroll extensive education program for the junior college graduates of allied health science majors in 4-year colleges with eventual grant of bachelor's degree for those who successfully completed the programs should soon be substantiated. The study was focused to emphasize the necessity of the extensive education and training for the junior college graduate allied health manpower, and to show possibility of the education program development in connection with the 4-year degree granting education programs. The outcome of the study can be summarized as followings. 1. A total number of graduates from eight allied health sciences related programs of junior colleges by the year of 1995 are 109,320. 2. According to the survey report analysed through questionnaires, 99.7% of respondents including administrative deans and professors of junior colleges agreed with the establishment of extensive education and training programs in junior colleges. 53.9% of administrative deans, 52.9% of professors and 47.6% of the graduates expected that it is possible to learn more about their majors, and to earn bachelor's degree through the extensive education programs. Other opinions include that the programs can provide supplementary opportunities to fortify in the area of basic life science, and development of research and technology. 3. It was also found through the survey that 91.2% of the deans, 87.8% of the professors and 68.2% of the graduates responded that the most appropriate organizations to open the extensive education and training programs for allied health manpower are junior colleges where allied health personnel are taught and trained. The majority of the respondents agreed that the acceptable number of credits offered for the previous 2-year junior college graduates are $50\sim60$, and those for the current 3-year graduates are $20\sim30$ units. 4. It was strongly suggested through the survey that baccalaureate degree should be granted for those who successfully completed the extensive courses. The suggestion was claimed by 94.1% of the deans, 89.4% of the professors and 83.4% of the graduates. 5. The model curricula for the extensive education and training programs for the allied health manpower are designed for the purpose of broad capability in practice, enrichment of knowledge and promotion of proficiency for the self access in the major areas. 6. To meet the universal standards of allied health education and training program, it is recommended that opening of the curricula for the extensive, and as well as intensive, courses within junior colleges(continuation education institute) should be materialized. The special baccalaureate degree programs within junior colleges are also recommended to accommodate the junior college graduates and to grant the degree fellowing successful completion of the courses. As a part of the education revolution in progress, the school years at junior college level should be flexible depending upon the nature of course and trend of the universe. For instance, the school years for the allied health manpower should be extended to two to four years from current two to three years.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.190-196
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• 1985

인삼의 스트레스에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위하여 스트레스를 가한 흰쥐의 부신피질에 대해 형태학적 관찰을 행하였든바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 이때 실험은 saline 주사후 스트레스를 가하지 않은 군(S-NS-AD), 스트레스를 가한 군(S-S-AD)과 인삼추출액을 주사한 후 스트레스를 가하지 않은 군(G-NS-AD)과 스트레스를 가한 군(G-S-AD) 등으로 나누어 시행하였다. 조직학적으로 S-S-AD군에서는 S-NS-AD군에 비해 작은 지방적이 다수 출현하였으나 인삼 주사군에서는 스트레스에 관계없이 대형의 지방적이 다수 출현하였다. 조직화학적으로는 인삼주사군에서 cholesterol 및 그 ester, glycolipid, phospholipid, glycogen등이 다소 많이 출현하였으나 glycogen과 cholesterol 및 그 ester는 S-S-AD군에서도 많이 출현하였다. 전자현미경적으로 S-S-AD군과 임삼주사군에서 지방적이 다수 출현하고 특히 인삼주사군에서는 대형의 지방적 출현과 중등도의 glycogen 과립의 출현을 볼수 있었다. 또 안삼주사군과 S-S-AD 군에서는 SER의 확장, 세포간격의 확장 및 dense body의 출현 등이 인정되었으며, G-S-AD군에서는 세포간에 filopodia도 인정되었다. 이상의 소견으로 봐서 인삼은 스트레스에 대해 부신피질세포의 대사 및 홀몬 합성에 활성을 주어 스트레스에 대항할 수 있는 효과를 주는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.358-368
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 화살나무 날개를 이용하여 물, 에탄올 및 메탄올을 이용하여 얻은 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성, 항당뇨 활성, 총폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, 암세포 성장 억제능을 평가하였다. 화살나무 날개 추출물은 DPPH radical 소거능 결과에서는 에탄올과 메탄올 추출물에서 positive control과 유사한 radical 소거능을 나타내었으며 ABTS^·+ radical 소거능에서는 모든 군의 1,000 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 80% 이상의 소거능을 보여주었다. 또한, 환원력과 hydrogen peroxide 소거능 및 α-glucosidase 저해활성에서 에탄올과 메탄올 추출물은 positive control과 비슷하거나 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 화살나무 날개 추출물 내 총폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 에탄올 추출물에서 867.8 mg% 및 551.7 mg%로 물 및 메탄올 추출물과 비교하였을 때 보다 높은 총폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 확인되었다. 화살나무 날개 추출물의 암세포 증식 억제 활성은 흑색종 피부암(B16)에서는 큰 효과를 확인할 수 없었지만 유방암(MDA-MB-231), 대장암(HT-29) 및 전립선암(LNCaP)에서는 유의적인 세포 생존 억제능을 확인하였고 특히 LNCaP에 에탄올 추출물을 처리하였을 때 19.1%의 세포 생존율을 보이며 가장 우수한 세포 성장 억제 활성을 확인하였다. 또한, 전립선 정상 세포인 RWPE-1을 화살나무 날개 추출물로 처리하였을 때 세포 생존율에 큰 영향을 받지 않았기 때문에 암세포 특이적인 성장 억제 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 풍부한 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 가진 화살나무 추출물은 항산화, α- glucosidase 억제, 항암 효과를 나타내어 뛰어난 생리활성효능을 가지고 있고, 이는 효과적인 천연물 유래 기능성 원료 및 식품 소재 발굴을 위한 기초자료로 이용할 수 있을것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.374-382
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• 2017

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unexplained and untreated despite the high attention of research in recent years. Aside from its various characteristics is the baffling male preponderance over the female population. Using a validated animal model of ASD which is the telomerase reverse transcriptase overexpressing mice (TERT-tg), we conducted ASD-related behavioral assessments and protein expression experiments to mark the difference between male and females of this animal model. After statistically analyzing the results, we found significant effects of TERT overexpression in sociability, social novelty preference, anxiety, nest building, and electroseizure threshold in the males but not their female littermates. Along these differences are the male-specific increased expressions of postsynaptic proteins which are the NMDA and AMPA receptors in the prefrontal cortex. The vGluT1 presynaptic proteins, but not GAD, were upregulated in both sexes of TERT-tg mice, although it is more significantly pronounced in the male group. Here, we confirmed that the behavioral effect of TERT overexpression in mice was male-specific, suggesting that the aberration of this gene and its downstream pathways preferentially affect the functional development of the male brain, consistent with the male preponderance in ASD.