• Title/Summary/Keyword: The High Land Use

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Correlation Estimation between Geochemical Metal-fraction and Soil Properties in Agricultural and Industrial Soils (농경지 및 공장지역 토양 내 중금속 존재형태와 토양 특성과의 상관성 평가)

  • Lee, Hong-gil;Kim, Ji-in;Noh, Hoe-Jung;Park, Jeong-Eui;Kim, Tae Seung;Yoon, Jeong Ki
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.169-178
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    • 2016
  • The Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme (SM&T-formerly BCR) extraction procedure was applied to fractionate Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in 23 top soil samples into: (i) exchangeable phase; (ii) reducible phase; (iii) oxidisable(sulfides and organics bound) phase; and (iv) residual phase. Fractions of Cr and Ni were in the order of residual > oxidisable > reducible > exchangeable phase. The oxidisable phase was identified as dominant for Cu and Pb. Zn had the highest ratio of exchangeable phase in comparision to the other metals. The bioavailability and mobility were assessed to be the greatest for Zn, followed by a decreasing order of Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr. All metal average concentrations in topsoil samples was higher in industrial sites than in agricultural sites. Our results revealed higher concentrations in topsoil samples (0~15 cm) than in sub soils (15~30 cm, 30~60 cm) for most metals at six sites (No. 5, 6, 17, 19, 20, 23). The fractions of exchangeable, reducible ad oxidisable phases showed relatively high correlation with soil pH, Fe/Mn oxide concentrations and organic matter contents, respectively.

The effects of compact city development on public transportation commuting -The cases of 54 medium and small-sized cities in korea (압축도시 개발이 대중교통을 이용한 통근 통행에 미치는 영향 -한국의 54개 중소도시를 대상으로-)

  • Lee, Kyung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze compact city planning indicators that have influence on public transportation commuting of residents in the 54 medium and small-sized cities. In the study, land use and transportation infrastructure of cities and other socio-demographic variables are used as explanatory variables in a causal model. 96,552 subjects from 54 cities in korea are selected as the final sample, and a statistical analysis is carried out by applying Random Intercept Logit Model. Analysis shows that a high level of density and jobs-housing balance in the city results in more public transportation commuting. And higher access to bus and subway station influence commuting, so subway & bus stop are important factors to increase public transportation commuting

L-THIA Modification and SCE-UA Application for Spatial Analysis of Nonpoit Source Pollution at Gumho River Basin (환경부 토지피복 중분류 적용을 위한 L-THIA 모델 수정과 SCE-UA연계적용에 의한 금호강유역 비점오염 분포파악)

  • Kim, Jung-Jin;Kim, Tae Dong;Choi, Dong Hyuk;Lim, Kyoung Jae;Engel, Bernard;Jeon, Ji-Hong
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.311-321
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    • 2009
  • Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) was modified to improve runoff and pollutant load prediction for Korean watersheds with changes in land use classification and event mean concentration produced from observed data in Korea. The L-THIA model was linked with SCE-UA, which is one of the global optimization techniques, to automatically calibrate direct runoff. Modified L-THIA model was applied to Gumho River Basins to analyze spatial distribution of nonpoint source pollution. The results of model calibration during 1991~2000 and validation during 1981~1990 for direct runoff represented high model efficiency of 0.76 for calibration and 0.86 for validation. As a results of spatial analysis of nonpoint source pollution, the BOD was mainly loaded from urban area but SS, TN, and TP from agricultural area which is mainly located along the stream. Modified L-THIA model improve its accuracy with minimum imput data and application efforts. From this study, we can find out the L-THIA model is very useful tool to predict direct runoff and pollutant loads from the watershed and spatial analysis of nonpoint source pollution.

Preference Analysis between Two Administrator Groups on Forest Road Facilities (임도시설에 관한 관리자 집단 간의 의식성향 분석)

  • Ji, Byoung Yun;Kweon, Hyeong-keun;Hwang, Jin Seong;Jung, Do Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.105 no.4
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    • pp.449-455
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to provide the basic policy information for systematic forest road planning and maintenance management by surveying two different administrator groups. The survey results showed that the high priorities of forest road planning were silviculture, disaster prevention, and timber harvesting, and main forest road type was preferred for future use. Also 92.9% of the respondents expressed difficulties due to insufficient manpower and budget. The expected damage types due to forest road construction were threat-to-life by slope failure and dispute on crossing private land. The current main maintenance tasks on forest roads included drainage and road surface maintenance works. Main forest road facilities that should be needed after the construction were installation of additional drainage structures, and slope revegetation and stabilization.

Feasibility Tests on Struvite Production from Liquid Fertilizer by Utilizing Ferronickel Slag and Sewage Sludge Ash (페로니켈슬래그와 하수슬러지소각재를 이용한 액비로부터 스트루바이트 생산 타당성 연구)

  • Kim, Hyeon;Kwon, Gyutae;Jahng, Deokjin
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.316-327
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    • 2018
  • Liquid fertilizers made from livestock manure contain high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and thus are used as a fertilizer. However, excessive use of liquid fertilizer causes eutrophication of agricultural land and nonpoint source pollution. In this study, as a means of lowering the nutrient concentrations, struvite ($MgNH_4PO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$) production from the liquid fertilizer was investigated. When liquid fertilizers produced in Gyeonggido were analyzed, its characteristics differed by region and season, but the phosphorus concentration was commonly lower than that of nitrogen. When $K_2HPO_4$ and $MgCl_2$ were added to the liquid fertilizers, the optimal pH for struvite formation was pH 9.5. For environmentally friendly sources of magnesium and phosphate, ferronickel slag (FNS) and sewage sludge ash (SSA) were suspended in deionized water and extracted by sulfuric acid with various mass ratios. The optimum conditions for extracting FNS and SSA were 4.0 M sulfuric acid and 0.35 mass ratio of sulfuric acid to sewage sludge ash, respectively. For forming struvite, 0.233 L of SSA leachate (SSAL) was added into 0.3 L of liquid fertilizer containing 2,586 mg/L of ammonia and 110 mg/L of phosphate, pH was then adjusted to pH 9.5 using 10 M of NaOH. Afterwards 0.333 L of FNS leachate (FNSL) was added to this mixed solution. After a reaction for 1 hr at room temperature, the remaining concentrations of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate were less than 50 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 150 mg/L, respectively, and 30 g of precipitates were obtained, most of which were struvite.

Network Design for Effective In-Ship Communication Network Construction (선박 내 통신망 구성을 위한 네트워크 구조 설계)

  • Kim, Mi-Jin;Jang, Jong-Wook
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.269-272
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    • 2011
  • Recently, all areas of IT has been rapidly in land. As a result, the location is very important in everyday life. But in ship are limits network with communication Equipment and service. As a result, be far removed from information age. Currently, ship is connected with the outside world via satellite on the voyage. But, because high billing, ship is possible data transfer using low speed bandwidth. Because ship is not possible using LAN, only limit ship's crew some use internet in limited space. So, ship is required construction of the network. In this paper, because composition of basic IT environment with information need of crew and customer from ship to cruises, there construct LAN in ship and propose network design for network of ship.

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Analysis of Factors Affecting Rail Transit Ridership at Urban Rail Stations (도시철도역별 이용수요의 영향요인에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Chan Hwi;Yun, Dae Sic
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.139-151
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    • 2014
  • This paper analyzes factors affecting rail transit ridership at urban rail stations of the Daegu Metropolitan City in 2011. Rail transit ridership is analyzed by dividing weekdays and weekends in order that their differences may be observed. The data used in this study includes various explanatory variables, such as floor area which was collected from building ledger and GIS cadastral map, number of bus routes(line) possible to transfer from urban rail transit, number of students enrolled in middle and high schools, and universities located in access areas of rail transit. For this study, multiple regression models are estimated including various explanatory variables affecting rail transit ridership of weekdays and weekends. From the study, the number of statistically significant explanatory variables and the relative effect of each variable are shown to be different between weekdays and weekends.

Determination of Highway Design Speed Based on Reclassification of Highway Functions and Terrain Types (기능 재분류와 지형특성을 이용한 도로 설계속도 적정화 방안)

  • Shim, Kywan-Bho;Choi, Jai-Sung;Hwang, Kyung-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.23 no.6 s.84
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    • pp.7-18
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    • 2005
  • Currently, design speed selection is chosen by highway function, terrain type and area type. But some standards in classifing highway function let designer decide design speed in an arbitrary manner and too rough a highway function classification system leads to a road function which can not reflect road design, and some ambiguity of terrain type leads to a road which can not reflect land use pattern. Highway design based on traffic volume level without considering area type can result high construction cost. This research paper provides new highway design standards which are based on the refinement of highway design speed selection procedure. The new design speed is summarized to be determined by a more detailed highway function, terrain type, and area type that were made considering South Korean characteristics. The new highway function is established by adopting highway function reclassification and design volumes and rural town center reclassification and new design standards for terrain type selection are developed in this research by analyzing South Korean GIS Data Base obtained over the national government offices.

Ecological Renewal Plan of Urban Parks for the Revitalization of Urban Green Axis in Gangdong-Gu (강동구 도시 녹지축 기능 활성화를 위한 도시공원의 생태적 리뉴얼 방안 연구)

  • Park, Jeong-Ah;Han, Bong-Ho;Kwak, Jeong-In
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.12-27
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    • 2023
  • In this study, among the construction-type parks in Gangdong-gu, targeting parks with high environmental and ecological value located on the urban green axis, a plan was prepared for the ecological renewal of urban parks, and a design that applied to them was proposed. The renewal target site was selected by analyzing the general condition of Gangdong-gu and urban parks, the land use and green area ratio, park green area, and the green axis of Gangdong-gu. Gangdong-gu has 54 parks, including 2 neighborhood parks and 52 children's parks. In the first stage of the current status review, 17 parks were extracted through locational value analysis, such as location and adjacency to the natural axis and green axis. In the second stage, eight parks were selected among the first-stage extraction parks based on the ratio of green spaces and open spaces within each park service area. In the third stage, two of the second stage extraction parks were selected based on whether the legal standard of the park area was met, and in the fourth stage, one of the third stage extraction parks was selected through an aging survey of the park. As for the urban ecological status of the renewal target site, the status of land use in the aspect of entropy reduction, the status of soil cover in the aspect of water circulation, and the status of planting structure in the aspect of biodiversity were investigated. As for the status of the three renewal sites, the green area was insufficient at 18.3-45.3%, and the facility area was 54.7%-81.7%, which was judged to have low urban temperature reduction effects. The impervious pavement area accounted for 34.5% to 48.9% of the park area, accounting for most of the facility area, and it was judged that the water circulation function was insufficient. The planting structure consisted of a single layer and a double layer structure, and although the tree layer was good, the lower vegetation was poor, and there was no planting site of edible plants or large hardwood trees, so the biodiversity was low. After the ecological renewal design of Seonrin Children's Park, Dangmal Children's Park, and Saemmul Children's Park, which were selected as the renewal targets in this study, the ecological area ratio of each park increased by 1.4 to 3 times than before the renewal. If the urban parks located on the urban green axis are examined from the perspective of the urban ecosystem and renewed ecologically, it is judged that the expected effect will be high in reducing entropy, improving water circulation, and laying the foundation for biodiversity in terms of the urban ecosystem.

An Evaluation of Accuracy of Overlays Using Cadastral Maps and Google Earth Images (지적도와 Google Earth 영상의 중첩정확도 평가)

  • Kim, Suk-Jong;Kim, Jun-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.143-152
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    • 2010
  • These days, we can't confirm cadastre information about stereoscopic digital map that was consist of 2 dimensions and more difficult to understand of detailed parcel boundary, area, land using for 3 dimensions. An each local government providing three-dimensional that are connected to an aerial photograph with cadastre maps. Satisfaction is high for citizens but, this service additional cost for purchase of an aerial photograph order to provide of it. So far, in various ways are under study about three dimensions using Google Earth which is possible to provides 3 dimensional information by real time for individual parcel situation. The purpose of this study was analyzed an accuracy of overlapping between cadstre maps and an image on Google Earth Web in the each different coordinates system. Also, this paper could be provided for use possibility of 3 dimensions information service with an indicator of using or a guideline of direction for local government which provide 3 dimensions information oneday.