• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

The study was conducted to examine the possible psychological difference in visual preference for natural landscape depending on the residence characteristic of the visitors, with the aim to use as the reference when creating space for natural landscape. Visitors were classified into three groups, namely, urban, suburban, and rural residents, and their preferred type of landscape was surveyed. The result showed that regardless of their residence the highest preference was to the place with superior natural landscape features, and among such features the common preference was toward the landscapes with horizons and those with animals. Urban and suburban residents showed similar preference pattern, and there was artistically significant difference with rural residents. In this respect, the difference in preference for natural landscapes could be induced between urban and rural residents. Rural residents had similar preference with urban residents in that they both preferred the place with superior natural landscape features, but differed in that the former had significantly higher preference toward the landscapes that have mixed artificial elements. From the above research, the following conclusions can be inferred:for regions that need to create natural landscapes, differentiated visual landscape plans and strategies need to be established taking into account, inter alia, the natural richness of the neighborhood natural environment; for regions that need to conserve and manage natural environment and landscapes, the measures to adjust the natural landscape management plans need to be established taking into account the neighborhood environment of the protected areas and the number of visitors to the region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2011

This research is an explorative research done on finding sights in documents related to landscapes that are described in personal essay collections of late-Joseon Dynasty, and to fathom the possibilities of finding the actual landscape by analyzing the landscape and features of the landscape. The target sight of this research is to find all the features and landscapes of the Nong-yeon Seodang 10 scenery that are described in Choi Dong-Jip(late-Joseon Dynasty scholar)'s Daeam Sunsaeng Munjip. The results are as follows: 1) a theoretical inquiry into Daeam Choi Dong-Jip and his descendent Baekbulam Choi Heung-Won(who had compiled Daeam Sungsaeng Munjip)'s background and Nong-Yeon Seodang has been done, 2) Nong-Yeon Seodang's location was found through historical documents and field investigations, and 3) the features of landscapes related to Nong-Yeon Seodang 10 scenery and its distribution and the significance were analyzed. Through this inquiry, organization of Nong-Yeon Seodang and the significance of its direction were reflected again, records on garden organization were checked, and a direction for continuation of research was suggested.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.123-134
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• 2012

This work is to describe the geomorphological landscapes of of Dongcheon-gugok in Korea, and attempts to develop a basic data for traditional natural heritage. Dongcheon-gugok is a union of natural lanscape and human mind-activity. Therefore the study of natural landscape, which consists of geomorphological landscapes, provides a basic data for the use and conservation of traditional natural heritage. Dongcheon-gugok in Korea is almost distributed in the valley of mountainous areas of Taeback and Soback Mountain Ranges. The bedrocks of the areas of Dongcheon-gugok are almost granitic rocks and sedimentary rocks. The landscapes of Dongcheon-gugok is characterized by narrow meandering valley, so Gugok means nine-bended river. The elements of the geomorphological features is a broad flat rock with sheeting joints, joint-block seperated large blocks or tor, steep slope and rocky cliffs, pool, ripple, large or small scale waterfall, pot-hole, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1991

In considering the relationship between natural beauty and the human frame of mind, or the interconnections between the Landscape and the point of view, we are concerned primaily with the external factors. Historically, certain physical features tended to cause shifts in human attitudes toward landscapes; We concentrate on this phenomenon of changeful scenery rather than on what psychological factors caused certain landscapes to be regarded as remarkable or unique. In a similar fashion we must ask ourselves what the basic elements in landscape are and attempt to ascertain their visual and spatial characteristics before we attempt to desingn environments that are fundamentally, physical in character. Futhermore, the experience of meanings, a part of literatual association process, appeared through the intension of nature study looking for the best landscape phenomena out of simple naturelooking. Of course, as the variable degree of landscapes changes, the dualistic relationship between humans and objects shows the different experience of meanings as the time changes even in landscapes which possess variable factors in same season. The study is conducted by defining the nature of recognizing and appreciating the logical structure of the concept "Landscape" after analysis of meaning context appeared in 'Kyung' which is consists of time, space and elements in landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to categorize a landscape adjective list for urban landscape analysis. For this purpose, four methods are used. The first method is to survey the foreign landscape adjective lists such as Feimer's EACL & LACL, VRM suggested vocabulary, and IEA and LI's aesthetic factors, which are commonly used in domestic research. The second method is to analyze vocabulary in Korean linguistic textbook the third is to investigate Korean adjective lists from 36 domestic research. The last is to survey adjectives used to express the urban landscapes. 24 landscapes from BunDdang, GwaCheon, YakSoo and ApGuJeong were presented to 40 subjects, whose responses were collected and categorized. The frequency analysis of the adjectives and landscape factors were processed by SJTOOL, which was programmed for Korean vocabulary analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Foreign adjective lists were mainly focused on the physical features of landscapes and they also had linguistic problems caused by the translations. Therefore, it is undesirable to use the foreign adjective list directly to analyze Korean urban landscapes. The vocabulary from the linguistic textbook has more variety, but it includes many adjectives irrelevant to the urban landscape. More types of adjectives were used in the researches(890 adjectives/295 types), compared with the result of response survey(1,406 adjectives/270 types). Because some adjectives were partly confusing, it is desirable to categorize the adjectives. The categorized adjectives could therefore be more useful and practical for urban landscape analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

This Research was carried out to investigate landscape characteristics of the traditional Chinese village through the landscape analysis. The Purpose of this study was to offer suggestions for improving Korea's traditional village scenery. This research was conducted by analysis about an important component of the landscape in Ping-shan traditional village. It was studied natural landscape, life landscapes, agricultural production landscapes and symbols landscape. This study was carried out through literature research, field research and interviews. The results of Chinese traditional village's landscape characteristic was First, Ping-shan traditional village was located on the basis of Feng-Shui settings. Second, Ping-shan traditional village was clan-based. Third, It is composed of a large green space on the outskirts of the village. Fourth, Ping-shan traditional village was a typical channel village. Fifth, Ping-shan traditional village was a living landscape with various features. sixth, Ping-shan traditional village was a lot of space to agricultural production, most of the arable land surround village. Suggestions for improving Korea's traditional village scenery are as follows ; First, proposes actively re-design on the base of defense fengshi landscape interpreted as a modern sense. Seconds, when large-scale farmland project is established in Korea, you can expect to gain knowledge from traditional Chinese village spacing. Thirds, It seems to require a study of the public space for festival. in the case of china, ancestral shrine space is center and space for festival. Fourth, It was important to seek knowledge about protection for frequent in flood plains in Korea's traditional village. Ping-shan traditional village was well-known for housing with contact water, connected channels and beautiful defense pond. Fifth, for improving Korea's traditional village scenery, we need to make various focus landscape features. Most of the visitors to Ping-shan traditional village was interested in the big and small beautiful landscapes and shelters.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.289-300
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• 2008

This study aims to discriminate differences in natural landscapes between the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland and the Jirisan National Park in Korea, using functions of content-based image retrieval such as texture, shape, and color. Digital photographs of each National Park were taken and selected. The low-level functions of photographic images were reduced to orthogonally rotated five factors. Based on the reduced factors, a linear decision boundary was obtained between Cairngorms landscapes and Jirisan landscapes. As a result, the discriminant function significantly delineated two groups, resulting in $x^2=63.40$ with df=5(p<0.001). Both the eigenvalue 2.417 and the value of wilks' lambda 0.29 supported that the most proportion of total variability came from the differences between the means of discriminant function of groups. It was estimated that four independent variables explained about 70.7% of total variance of dependent variable. The variable with the largest effect on landscapes was far region-related factor(r=1.07), followed by near region-related factor (r=0.90). A total of 90.7% of cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. It was interpreted that far distant regions, as well as near distant regions, had sufficient discrimination power for landscape classification between the Cairngorms National Park and the Jirisan National Park, so that landscape identity of the National Park over cultures was revealed by skylines in a most effective way. Relatively fewer factors making visual landscapes were effectively used to classify natural landscapes of the National Parks which had different semantics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.33-44
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• 2005

In order to reveal the geographical landscape's features of the East Sea-gateway(東海口), which has existed only in the era of Shilla as unique east path, we have carried out analysis of the old maps(邑誌圖) and satellite imagery, and geographical features analysis in the application of digital maps, and the result is as follows. 1. Analysis of materials from the Chosun dynasty describes landscapes called sea gates(海口) (note that this should not be capitalized); a place where the river meets the sea and the sea comes far into the land. Sea gate landscapes may have an island, but this is not a prerequisite. 2. According to the satellite imagery, the capital city of Shilla Dynasty had five passages. four or them are broad corridors, but one of them is narrow. The east side of the capital city is blocked by mountains and there was an important path which leads into the East Sea. 3. According to the cross section of the mountains, there is the only rule East-path. There was no alternative way. There was only one way-out to the east side from the capital city. This is the unique path which reaches a length of 28km. Judging from this, it seems that this path was called the East Sea-gateway. 4. The landscape of the East Sea-gateway was shaped like the letter 'V' and reached to the landscape of the sea gate. However, the route was blocked - part by the mountains, and also the part in the crisis of loss of path-landscape which has lost its own character of closure as several valleys are merged together.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

To make the beautiful rural landscapes, the Samcheok city of provincial governments is implementing the authentication system about rural landscape housing as one of various landscape policies. This authentication system about the landscape housing is to select the better rural landscape houses to harmonize with surrounding ground plots, ground shapes, villages, mountains and natural environments of landscape houses submitted by house owner every year. This research aims to analyze the architectural features of the authenticated rural landscape houses and to propose the improvement directions by analyzing architectural features about the rural landscape houses selected by the municipal architecture committee of Samcheok city.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

Juwangsan area($107.4km^2$) has been designated as the twelfth National Park in 1976, because it has magnificent aspect and seasonally spectacular landscapes. Juwang valley($9,177.5m^2$) has been designated as Noted Scenery No. 11 in 2003, because it has the same topographical landscape as rock domes, rock cliffs, caves, waterfalls and plunge pools. The most spectacular landscapes are exhibited in the densely welded zone of the Juwangsan Tuff. The rock cliffs generated from vertical joints in the densely welded zone, in which there are the same many rock cliffs as Geupsudae, Haksodae, Sinseondae, Mangwoldae, Giam and Byeongpungbawi, three caves such as Juwanggul, Mujanggul and Yeonhwagul in the cliff. The cliffs and caves are landscapes that were generated from vertical joints in the densely welded zone, and the rock domes and waterfalls are landscapes of erosional vertical joint planes in the zone. The vertical joints are columnar joints formed during cooling of the Juwangsan Tuff. Therefore the topographical features cause the cooling columnar joints that are vertically intersected in the densely welded zone of the Juwangsan Tuff.