• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2012

동해 영덕 연안의 저염수를 보기 위하여 지난 2010년 격월별(2월 23일, 4월 6일, 6월 8일, 8월 19일, 10월 6일, 12월 20일)로 20개의 정점에서 CTD 관측을 수행하였다. 혼합층은 여름에 약 10 m 깊이로 얕았으며, 겨울에 약 20 m 깊이에서부터 저층까지 혼합층을 나타내었다. 연중 $5^{\circ}C$ 이하의 찬 물이 수온 약층 이심을 점하고 있었다. 염분 약층은 8월에는 깊이 20 m에, 10월에는 깊이 40 m에 분포하였으며 연중 가장 뚜렷하였다. 뚜렷한 저염수는 10월에 깊이 10 m에서 나타났는데, 10월에 강수량-증발량의 값이 음을 보였다, 이것은 10월에 영덕 연안에서 나타나는 저염수가 이류되어 온 것임을 시사하였다. 동해의 영덕 연안에서 나타나는 저염수는 동한 난류가 주요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보여진다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2003

We made intensive observations on the coastal upwelling off the coast of the southern East Sea from June to August in 2001. The upwelling exhibited a weekly waxing and waning. The coastal upwelling of the year 2001 was characterized by abrupt outbreaks and the small local scale. Upwelling occurred more frequently off the coast of Ulsan and Gampo as reported by the earlier observers. The spread of freshly upwelled colder water was varied by each upwelling event. Generally cold waters were carried away northeastward off Pohang province. The upwelled cold waters were saltier than the resident surface waters. The pH and salinity-normalized alkalinity support the idea that the upwelled waters originate from the interior of the East Sea. The extraordinarily high concentration of dissolved oxygen suggests that the upwelled waters are closely connected to the southward flowing North Korea Cold Current. Although a lower primary productivity was reported for the upwelling region, underway surface fluorescence measurement revealed that the recently upwelled waters supported up to an order of magnitude higher algal biomass than the ambient waters. Because thermohaline circulation of the East Sea is so vigorous, with an estimated time scale of less than one hundred years, that the coastal upwelling should be considered not as an anomaly but as a regular component of a circulatory system. A quantitative understanding of upwelling seems to be a key to elucidate material cycling and the associated biological production in the East Sea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2008

Analyzing the results of East Sea Regional Ocean Model using a 3-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme, we investigated spatial and temporal variability of the North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) in the East Sea. The climatological monthly mean transport of the NKCC clearly shows seasonal variation of the NKCC within the range of about 0.35 Sv ($=0^6m^3/s$), which increases from its minimum (about 0.45 Sv) through December-January to March, decreases during March and May, and then increases again to the maximum (about 0.8 Sv) in August-September. The volume transport of the NKCC shows interannual variation of the NKCC with the range of about 1.0 Sv that is larger than seasonal variation. The southward current of the NKCC appears often not only in summer but in winter as well. The width of the NKCC is about 35 km near the Korean coast and its core is located under the East Korea Warm Current. The North Korean Cold Water (NKCW), characterized by low salinity and low temperature, is located both under the Tsushima Warm Water and in the western side of the maximum southward current of the NKCC that means the NKCC advects the NKCW southward along the Korean coast. It is revealed that the intermediate low salinity water, formed off the Vladivostok in winter, flows southward to the south of $37^{\circ}N$ through $2{\sim}3$ paths; one path along the Korean coast, another one along $132^{\circ}E$, and the middle path along $130^{\circ}E$. The path of the intermediate low salinity varies with years. The reanalysis fields suggest that the NKCW is advected through the paths along the Korean coast and along $130^{\circ}E$.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2023

The sea hare Aplysia kurodai is an economic species located along the Korean coast. This study aimed to investigate the stomach contents of A. kurodai and its relationship with marine algal flora surrounding their habitat. A. kurodai and marine algae were sampled in seven and five areas in the East and the South seas, respectively. The marine algae found in the stomach and surrounding marine habitat were identified. In the East Sea of Korea, 134 species of seaweed were recorded. Thirty-nine species of marine algae were identified in the stomach contents of A. korudai collected from the East Sea of Korea. Seventy-five species of seaweed were collected in the South Sea of Korea. In addition, 26 species of marine algae were identified in the stomach contents of A. kurodai from the South Sea of Korea. Among the stomach contents of A. kurodai, ten sheet,12 filamentous, 27 coarsely branched, and one jointed calcareous form species were identified.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The geographical distribution of the toxic blue-lined octopus (commonly known as the blue-ringed octopus), Hapalochlaena spp., around the East/Japan Sea was investigated. Observation records of the octopus were gathered using commercial search engines on the Internet. A questionnaire to complement and enhance the base data was conducted that targeted fishermen from areas where the octopus was most likely to occur, i.e., the southeast coast and islands of Korea in the East/Japan Sea. Overall, 32 observational records of the blue-lined octopus were found from Korea and Japan. In Korea, only one record, from 2003, was found on a website; none of the 240 fishermen who participated in the questionnaire reported seeing blue-lined octopus. However, a total of 31 observations of the blue-lined octopus from 2004 to July 2010 were found from 17 different regions in the East/Japan Sea and neighboring waters in Japan. Twenty-two cases were from coastal Honshu Island, and nine were from the west coast of Kyushu Island, Japan. The northern distributional boundary of the blue-lined octopus on the Japanese coast was off Fukui Prefecture around latitude $36^{\circ}$10' N. Our results indicate that the blue-lined octopus is distributed extensively along the Japanese coast, at a low frequency, in the East/Japan Sea.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.57-77
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• 2014

The bivalve molluscan fauna of Ulsan Bay, East Sea coast of Korea, is summarized, based on original and literature data. The fauna consists of 61 species belonging to 20 families. Seven species are identified only to genus level. Two species (Carditellopsis toneana (Yokoyama, 1922), Carditidae and Fulvia hungerfordi (G.B. Sowerby III, 1901), Cardiidae) are new records for the East Sea coast of Korea, and one species (Crenella decussata (Montagu, 1808), Mytilidae) is a new record for Korea. Biogeographically, Ulsan Bay's bivalve fauna is subtropical with a predominance of tropical-subtropical species, 21 species, or 39% of the total species number, subtropical, 14 species, or 26%, and subtropical-boreal (mostly subtropical-lowboreal), 11 species, 21%, totalling 86%. A remarkable feature of the Ulsan Bay fauna is the presence of tropical-subtropical species not found in Yeongil Bay but common in tidal flats and shallow waters of the Yellow Sea and the southern part of Korea. A cold water mass appearing off the southeast coast of Korea near Ulsan in summer seems responsible for the presence of boreal-arctic species in this area.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2013

동해안 항만 및 어항 개발 사업에 따른 해양환경영향평가 개선방안을 제시하기 위해 2009년부터 2011년까지 3년간 동해안의 항만 및 어항 개발 사업에 따른 일반해역이용협의서 33건을 분석하였다. 분석결과 동해안에서 중점적으로 검토해야 하는 해류, 파랑, 수심측량 자료의 경우 각각 3건, 12건, 16건 만이 조사가 이루어졌다. 하지만 동해안에서 시행되는 항만 및 어항 개발사업의 경우 서해, 남해와는 다른 동해안의 해역특성이 고려된 해양환경영향평가가 이루어져야 한다. 동해안은 조석의 영향이 약하고 해류, 취송류, 파랑의 영향이 우세한 해역으로 동해안의 해수유동을 파악하기 위해서는 해류의 영향을 고려해야하고 항내 정온도 및 방파제 기능성 및 안정성 등 협의대상사업의 타당성을 확보하기 위해서는 파랑을 평가항목으로 고려할 필요가 있다. 또한 동해안에 발생되는 항내매몰 및 해안침식의 문제점을 비교적 정확히 예측 및 예방하기 위해서는 해빈류를 표사이동의 기본외력으로 설정해야 하고 인근 하천에서의 토사유입과 해당 해역의 정확한 수심자료를 수치모델링의 검증자료로 활용해야 한다.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

The Silk Road usually implies a network of trade and communications that stretched from east to west and connected China and the countries of the Far East via Central Asia and the Middle East to the eastern Mediterranean, or through the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Volga basin to the Black Sea coast. However, at certain historical stages, a network of maritime and overland routes stretching from north to south, commonly called the Volga-Caspian trade route, also played a significant role in international trade and cultural contacts. The geopolitical realities of the early Middle Ages relating to the relationship of Byzantium, the Sassanid Empire, and the West Turkic Khaganate, the advance of the Arab Caliphate to the north, the spread of Islam in the Volga region, the glories and fall of the Khazar State, and the Scandinavian campaigns in the Caucasus, closely intertwined with the history of transport and communications connecting the north and south through the Volga-Caspian route. In a later era, the interests of the Mongolian Uluses, and then the political and economic aspirations of the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid State, and Russia, collided or combined on these routes. The article discusses trade contacts existing between the north and the south in the 15th and first half of the 17th century along the routes on the western coast of the Caspian Sea.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-46
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• 1979

The climate of a given region is determined by the combination of the various climatic elements. But among them, the temperature is the most important element to classify the climatic type. The author attempted to classify the climatic types in Korea by making a analysis of the characteristics of temperature distribution. To accomplish the study, the author analyzed the daily and yearly range of temperature, the warmest and coldest months, continentality and oceanicity, thermal anomaly, and relative temperature, etc. The data of 153 weather stations are used for the analysis of the above five criteria. As a result of the study, the climate of Korea can be divided into three types, namely, the continental, coastal and intermediate(or transitional) type. The Pronounced continental type is appeared in the northern part of highland area. And the coastal type is limited to the east and south coast areas, and the southern part of the west coast area. The continentality is larger, and the oceanicity smaller, than those of Siberia, Mongolia and the inland area of China where the continental climate is most remarkable in the world. The reason why the west coast area is more continental than the east coast area may be due to the terrain effect and the warm current going north along the east coastline.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.292-302
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 동해안의 4개 정점(속초, 묵호, 후포, 진하)에서 13년간 관측된 파랑자료를 이용하여 극치확률분석을 통해 재현빈도별로 천해설계파를 산정하였고, 이 값을 한국해양연구원(2005)에 제시된 동해안 심해설계파를 이용하여 SWAN 수치모델링로 계산된 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 2005년 기존 심해설계파의 수치실험 결과는 관측파랑에 의한 극치분석 결과보다 상대적으로 작은 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 30년 빈도 이하에서 동해안에서의 기존 심해설계파고가 과소산정되었을 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.