• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.203-223
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• 2019

This paper examines the interactions between financial conditions and business cycles in Mongolia, a small open economy, heavily depending on commodity exports. We construct two financial conditions indexes based on the reduced form IS model and the vector autoregression (VAR) model as surveillance tools to quantify the degree of the financial conditions. We find that real short-term interest rate and real effective exchange rate gap get a higher weight in the FCIs. Both business and financial cycles are often more pronounced in Mongolia, and financial condition is dependent of the financial and monetary policies in place. The analysis of the predictive power of the FCIs for business cycles shows that they have predictive information for the near-term economic activities. FCIs are also helpful in signaling inflation turning points.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1057-1064
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• 2013

p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) can integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. We report our molecular characterization of the complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the goat p70S6K gene 40S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) (GenBank accession GU144017) and its 3' noncoding sequence in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (Capra hircus). Goat S6K1 cDNA was 2,272 bp and include an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,578 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 525 amino acids, and a 694-residue 3' noncoding sequence with a polyadenylation signal at nucleotides 2,218 to 2,223. The relative abundance of S6K1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR in 6 tissues, and p70S6K expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in heart and testis. The phosphorylation of p70S6K is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in fetal fibroblasts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1644-1650
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• 2013

Ribosomal protein (rp) S6 is the substrate of ribosomal protein S6K (S6 kinase) and is involved in protein synthesis by mTOR/S6K/S6 signaling pathway. Some S6 cDNA have been cloned in mammals in recent years but has not been identified in the goat. To facilitate such studies, we cloned the cDNA encoding Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) S6 (GenBank accession GU131122) and then detected mRNA expression in seven tissues by real time PCR and protein expression in testis tissue by immunohistochemisty. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained goat S6 was a 808 bp product, including a 3' untranslated region of 58 bp and an open reading frame of 750 bp which predicted a protein of 249 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence was highly homologous to cattle, human, mouse and rat S6. Expression analysis indicated S6 mRNA was expressed extensively in detected tissues and S6 protein was expressed in testis tissue.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.606-612
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is one of the six members of IGFBP family, important for cell growth, apoptosis and other IGF-stimulated signaling pathways. In order to explore the significance of IGFBP-5 in cells of the Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat (Capra hircus), IGFBP-5 gene complementary DNA (cDNA) was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the animal's fetal fibroblasts and tissue-specific expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The gene is 816 base pairs (bp) in length and includes the complete open reading frame, encoding 271 amino acids (GenBank accession number JF720883). The full cDNA nucleotide sequence has a 99% identity with sheep, 98% with cattle and 95% with human. The amino acids sequence shares identity with 99%, 99% and 99%, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis showed that IGFBP-5 has an insulin growth factor-binding protein homologues (IB) domain and a thyroglobulin type-1 (TY) domain, four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, five casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, three prenyl group binding sites (CaaX box). The IGFBP-5 gene was expressed in all the tested tissues including testis, brain, liver, lung, mammary gland, spleen, and kidney, suggesting that IGFBP-5 plays an important role in goat cells.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.531-555
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• 2018

This article aims to review the monetary policy rule under inflation targeting framework focusing on Mongolia. The empirical analysis estimates the policy reaction function to see if the inflation targeting has been linked with a monetary policy rule emphasizing on inflation stabilization since its adoption in 2007. The study contributes to the literature by examining the linkage between Mongolian monetary policy rule and inflation targeting directly and thoroughly for the first time and also by taking into account a recent progress in the inflation targeting framework toward forward-looking mode. The main findings were: the Mongolian current monetary policy rule under inflation targeting is characterized as inflation-responsive rule with forward-looking manner (one quarter ahead); the inflation responsiveness is, however, weak enough to be pro-cyclical to inflation pressure; and the rule is also responsive to exchange rate due to the "fear of floating", which weakens the policy reaction to inflation and output gap.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.758-763
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• 2012

As a member of a subclass of immunophilins, it is controversial that FKBP38 acts an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling pathway, which control the process of cell-growth, proliferation and differentiation. In order to explore the relationship between FKBP38 and mTOR in the Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) cells, a full-length cDNA was cloned (GenBank accession number JF714970) and expression pattern was analyzed. The cloned FKBP38 gene is 1,248 bp in length, containing an open reading frame (ORF) from nucleotide 13 to 1,248 which encodes 411 amino acids, and 12 nucleotides in front of the initiation codon. The full cDNA sequence shares 98% identity with cattle, 94% with horse and 90% with human. The putative amino acid sequence shows the higher homology which is 98%, 97% and 94%, correspondingly. The bioinformatics analysis showed that FKBP38 contained a FKBP_C domain, two TPR domains and a TM domain. Psite analysis suggested that the ORF encoding protein contained a leucine-zipper pattern and a Prenyl group binding site (CAAX box). Tissue-specific expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and showed that the FKBP38 expression was detected in all the tested tissues and the highest level of mRNA accumulation was detected in testis, suggesting that FKBP38 plays an important role in goat cells.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

The service industry has been acknowledged as a critical part of mobile banking services in recent years. This study examines the impact of e-service quality and loyalty on the intention to use and use behavior of mobile banking services in Mongolia, a Central Asian country. As a result, based on past research, a conceptual model was suggested. This study comprises 209 completed questionnaires from young Mongolians who own a bank account and a smartphone. The data was collected based on convenience sampling, and it was analyzed with SmartPLS software using a partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings indicate that system quality, interface design, and security assurance have a significant positive impact on service quality; service quality has a positive impact on loyalty. Moreover, the results reveal that service quality and loyalty have a significant influence on the intention to use mobile banking services. The findings of this study suggest that local or international banks and financial institutions in Mongolia should consider system quality, interface design, and security concerns as key successors to building perceived security quality to retain current mobile banking users and attract new customers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2008

In order to learn the origin of the Chinese Mongolian horse, we analyzed polymorphisms within the mtDNA D-loop variable region in 305 horses of 6 types of 3 different breeds, including one imported breed, one cultivated breed and 4 types of one local breed. We detected 13 different haplotypes, and subsequent sequence analysis showed that all 6 horse types were genetically diverse. By constructing a cladogram of mtDNA D-loop sequences from the 6 horse types along with homologous sequences from several other horse types obtained from GenBank, we showed that Chinese Mongolian horses have a close genetic relationship with other horse types from Mongolia. We also speculate that several Chinese Mongolian horses descended from Przewalskii horse. Additionally, the 13 haplotypes were dispersed throughout the cladogram, suggesting that Chinese Mongolian horses likely originated from multiple female ancestors. A phylogenetic map of the 6 horse types showed that the genetic relationship between the local Wuzhumuqin and Wushen types were the closest. The Xinihe and Baerhu were also closely related to each other, and slightly more distantly related to the cultivated Sanhe breed. All five of the local Chinese horse types had a much more distant relationship with the imported Thoroughbred breed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.363-374
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze how much the mining industry contributes to the Mongolian national economy using the 2019 input-output table released by Asian development bank/ERCD in 2021 to understand the characteristics of the Mongolian economy and to use it as a reference. For this study, the Mongolian economy was classified into 35 industries and the contribution of the national economy was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the total production inducement amount of the Mongolian mining industry was $38,418 million, the total production inducement coefficient was 1.473, the index of sensitivity of dispersion was 1.696, the value added inducement coefficient was 0.707, and the production inducement coefficient was 1.473. It can be seen that the Mongolian mining industry has a higher production inducement effect than other industries, and has great potential for development as a strategic industry leading other industries.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.226-232
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• 2024

This study attempted to demonstrate the role of perceived value and trust in the relationship between mobile banking service quality and use satisfaction. A survey was conducted on customers of Mongolian banks, and an analysis was conducted based on the collected data With the development of the fintech industry, the Internet-based mobile banking market is striving to provide convenient services to consumers. The result led to the introduction of an online-oriented Internet bank that can operate 24 hours a day regardless of time and space. The characteristic of operating only with the Internet has a positive aspect of providing services quickly and conveniently, but at the same time, including concerns about security and personal information leakage. This can make you hesitate to use the service. Therefore, we attempted to find out how the quality of mobile banking service affects the perceived value and satisfaction of using trust. A survey was conducted to verify the contents of the research model and hypothesis. This is to secure data to be used for empirical analysis of research hypotheses. The survey was conducted with 124 consumers in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. Based on the analysis results, we understood the satisfaction of consumers using mobile banking and suggested ways for consumers to improve their actual satisfaction using mobile banking. Specifically, service quality sensitivity, security, convenience, and design had a positive effect on perceived value or trust, ultimately leading to consumer satisfaction.