• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 1996

In order to understand microbial ecosystem in the fast china sea and Yosu coastal sea horizontal distributions of bacterial flora, Vibrio spp., coliform group, temperature, and salinity in this sea area, were studied 42 sampling stations during 6th-l4th August, 1992. From the results, salinity and temperature were $24.64\~33.78\%_{\circ}$ and $22.53\~29.18^{\circ}C$, respectively. As the open sea far from land goes on, salinity became low while temperature became high. Viable cell counts of bacteral flova, Vibrio spp., and roliform group in Yosu coastal sea water were $1.0\times10^2\~3.0\times10^4/ml,\;0.2\times10\~9.0\times10^3/ml,\;and\;0.3\times10\~3.0\times10^3/ml$ while those of these in the open sea water were $0.4\times10\~2.0\times10^3/ml,\;0.8\times10\~3.0\times10/ml,\;and\;0.9\times10\~1.3\times10/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 1983

A clinical study was performed on 75 cases of the esophageal cancer and benign esophageal diseases experienced at Department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University during 3 year period from 1978 to 1982. Of 75 cases of the surgical esophageal diseases, there were 35 patients of the esophageal cancer. 17 patients of benign esophageal stenosis, 10 patients of esophageal perforation, 4 patients of diverticulum. 3 patients of achalasia, 2 patients of congenital T-E fistula, one of upper esophageal web, one of esophageal foreign body, one of leiomyoma and patient of hemangioma. First, esophageal carcinoma was more frequent in men than in women by a ratio of five to one, and the peak incidence occurred in the 5th to 6th decade. Dysphagia was the most common symptom in 88.6 percent of our cases. The tumor was located mostly in the middle & the lower one third [91.4%]. The histological diagnosis was made in 35 cases. The squamous cell carcinoma was the most common [82.9%] and the rest was the adenocarcinoma in the lower one third [17.1%]. Thirty-five cases were operated and resection was feasible in the twenty-five patients [71.4%] with 2 cases of hospital mortality [5.7%]. All but two of the esophageal stenosis were caused by corrosive esophagitis and ages ranged from 7 to 70 years with average age of 32 years. Corrective operations were performed on 17 patients of esophageal stenosis of whom 12 patients had esophagocologastrostomy, 3 patients esophagogastrostomy and in non-corrosive esophageal stenosis one case and esophagoplasty and another case had release of external compression. There was one complication of stenosis of the esophageal perforation were traumatic in five cases, empyema in three cases, caustics in one case and postemetic in one case. 10 patients of the esophageal perforation underwent operation: primary closure in 5 cases, two staged colon interposition in 2, esophagogastrostomy in 1 and closed thoracotomy in 2 cases There were 2 complications of leakage of anastomosis sites in postoperative period. 4 patients of traction type of diverticulum underwent diverticulectomy & 3 patients of achalasia underwent modified Heller`s operation. 2 patients of congenital esophageal atresia had distal tracheoesophageal fistula & underwent one staged operation with the results of one death caused by pneumonia. Upper esophageal web had divulsion through the esophagoscope and foreign body in upper esophagus was removed through cervical esophagotomy. One case of leiomyoma in esophagus had esophagectomy and reconstruction with right colon. And one case of hemangioma in esophagus had esophagectomy & esophagogastrostomy.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2014

The structural proteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) consist of nucleocapsid protein C and envelope glycoprotein $E^{rns}$ (E0), E1 and E2. Among them, E2, the most immunogenic of the CSFV glycoproteins, induces a protective immune response in swine. In this study, to determine the optimal expression conditions of glycoprotein E2 using baculovirus system, we investigated the influence of insect cells and media to the expression of recombinant E2. Recombinant virus containing glycoprotein E2 coding gene was constructed with bApGOZA DNA. Expression of the glycoprotein E2 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using anti-CSFV E2 monoclonal antibodies. Expression of glycoprotein E2 in Sf21 cells was first observed after 3 days and reached a maximum on the 5th day after infection. Furthermore, the highest levels of glycoprotein E2 expression were observed at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5. When three different insect cell lines (Sf21, High-Five and Se301) were tested, High-Five cells showed the highest production. In addition, four different serum-free and serum-supplemented media, respectively, were tested for the expression of glycoprotein E2 and the budded virus (BV) titers. As a result, serum-supplemented medium provided the best conditions for protein production and the BV yield.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.266-270
• /
• 2013

The hydrogen storage properties of pure $MgH_2$ were studied and compared with those of pure Mg. At the first cycle, pure $MgH_2$ absorbed hydrogen very slowly at 573 K under 12 bar $H_2$. The activation of pure $MgH_2$ was completed after three hydriding-dehydriding cycles. At the $4^{th}$ cycle, the pure $MgH_2$ absorbed 1.55 wt% H for 5 min, 2.04 wt% H for 10 min, and 3.59 wt% H for 60 min, showing that the activated $MgH_2$ had a much higher initial hydriding rate and much larger $H_a$ (60 min), quantity of hydrogen absorbed for 60 min, than did activated pure Mg. The activated pure Mg, whose activation was completed after four hydriding-dehydriding cycles, absorbed 0.80 wt% H for 5 min, 1.25 wt% H for 10 min, and 2.34 wt% H for 60 min. The particle sizes of the $MgH_2$ were much smaller than those of the pure Mg before and after hydriding-dehydriding cycling. The pure Mg had larger hydrogen quantities absorbed at 573K under 12 bar $H_2$ for 60 min, $H_a$ (60 min), than did the pure $MgH_2$ from the number of cycles n = 1 to n = 3; however, the pure $MgH_2$ had larger $H_a$ (60 min) than did the pure Mg from n = 4 to n = 6.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2012

In this study, we established a radiodermatitis animal model and investigated the change in immune cell proportions in the secondary lymphoid organs. The cells responsible for the increased transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in the lesions following irradiation were also investigated. The radiodermatitis model was constructed by locally exposing the posterior dorsal region of hairless-1 (HR-1) mice to 10 Gy electron (E)-ray/day for six consecutive days. The change in immune cell proportions was analyzed by FACS. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of cytokines and cell-specific markers in the skin. The proportions of antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and B cells in the lymph nodes and spleen were affected by E-irradiation. After irradiation, TGF-${\beta}1$ and IL-17 were co-localized in the papillary region of the dermis with keratin-14 (K-14)-positive cells rather than with regulatory T cells (Treg). IL-10 was not co-stained with Treg, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, dendritic cells, or macrophages. Our data indicate that TGF-${\beta}1$ is over-expressed mainly by proliferated keratinocytes in the lesions of a radiodermatitis animal model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

In this study, we survey the 2 buildings at the Central 1 and 8 buildings at the Central 2, which are divided by each climate region in the rural regions. Major heat loss factors are 47% loss of the outer shell including outer wall, roof, and bottom, 30% loss through window, and 23% loss through crevice wind. We analyze the energy simulation of ECO2 program to construct a zero energy building regarding village hall located in Jung Juk 4-le at Centeral 2. We simulate the primary energy requirement regarding village hall and the simulated results show the $265.3kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ and it may estimate '2' energy efficiency grade. The energy requirement regarding village hall is the $183.2kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ when the passive technology are applied in village hall. We research total amount of energy requirement in village hall when the passive and active technologies such as solar cell with 3kW and solar thermal with $20m^2$, geothermal power with 17.5kW. The simulated results show the improved energy efficiency certification grade with $1^{{+}{+}{+}}$ due to the reduced primary energy requirement with 73% when passive technology including 3kW of solar panel is applied and the energy independence rate is 54%, which is estimated to be 4th grade of zero energy buildings. The order of energy consumption are solar panel, solar thermal, and geothermal power under applied passive technology in the building. In order to expand the zero energy building, it is necessary to introduce the zero energy evaluation system in the rural region.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2008

Silica- or titania-filled poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-based polymer electrolytes were prepared by phase inversion technique using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethyl acetamide as solvent and water as non-solvent. The polymer electrolytes were adopted to the lithium metal polymer battery using high-capacity cathode $Li[Ni_{0.15}Co_{0.10}Li_{0.20}Mn_{0.55}]O_2$ and lithium metal anode. After the repeated charge-discharge test for the cell, it was proved that the cell adopting the polymer electrolyte based on the phase-inversion membrane containing 40~50 wt% silica showed the highest discharge capacity (180 mAh/g) until 80th cycle and then abrupt capacity fade was just followed. The capacity fade might be due to the deposition of lithium dendrite on the polymer electrolyte, in which the capacity retention was no longer sustainable.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.112-122
• /
• 1993

Backgrounds : The goal of drug therapy in pneumoconiosis is to inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis related to a toxic effect of the inhaled substance. Although there have been many studies on the therapy of pneumoconiosis, it is still elusive. Quinolyl piperazine phosphate (QP), a derivative of chloroquine, is less toxic, more effective, and longer action than chloroquine. This investigation was performed to examine the effect of the quinolyl piperazine phosphate in silicotic rats. Methods : The silica group was administered intratracheally by 40 mg free silica dust with 0.5 ml normal saline, and the QP group was orally administered QP 10 mg per week after free silica instillation. The animals in the silica group and the QP group were killed at the 1st, 3rd, 8th and 20th week after free silica instillation. We observed the total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by viable alveolar inflammatory cells, the dry weights and the amount of hydroxyproline in the left lung and the histopathologic examination in the right lung. Results : 1) The total number of cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the QP group tended to be decreased in comparison with the silical group. But, It was not significant. 2) Luminol-induced chemiluminescence by viable alveolar inflammatory cells in the QP group was similiar to that in the silical group. 3) The dry weights in the left lung at the 3th and 8th week in the QP group were significantly decreased compared to the silical group. 4) The total amount of hydroxyproline at the 3rd week of the QP group were significantly decreased compared to the silical group. In the silica group, the total amount of hydroxyproline was significantly increased at the 3rd week compared with the 1st group. But, in the QP group, it was significantly increased at the 8th week. 5) In tissue pathology, the infiltration of inflammatory cells around bronchiole, and the number and the size of silicotic nodule in the QP group were similar to the silica group. But, the extent of fibrosis is less than the silica group. Especially we observed progressive massive fibrosis which located in the periphery in 3 cases among the silica group, but couldn't observe in the QP group. Conclusions : QP doesn't significantly suppress the pulmonary fibrosis consequent to the intratracheal instillation of free silica dust, but delay the progression of fibrosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.83-99
• /
• 2020

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with frequent relapses. This study was to investigate the effects of Gammakdaejo-tang(GMD) in DNCB induced atopic dermatitis mice. Methods : The study was divided into five comparion groups. 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) solution was applied to Nc/Nga mice to induce atopic dermatitis, followed by normal group, negative control group with distilled water, positive control group with Dexamethasione and GMD 200mg/kg or 400mg/kg. The control group was orally administered 200㎕ once daily for 4 weeks. Visual skin condition, Immunoglobulin E, Histamine, Cytokine, Immune cells, Tissue biomarkers were observed. Results : As a result of the dermatitis score evaluation, it was confirmed that the GMD-administered group improved symptoms compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring IgE, the GMD-administered group significantly decreased compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring Histamine, GMD group except 200mg/kg of GMD significantly decreased compared to negative control group. As a result of measuring cytokine, GMD 200mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the negative control. 400mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and significantly increased IL-2, IFNγ. As a result of confirming the immune cells, all experimental groups showed no difference in basophil, GMD group significantly reduced monocyte and eosinophil compared to negative control group, and GMD 400mg/kg group significantly reduced white blood cell and neutrophil. And significantly increased lymphocytes. As a result of measuring the gene expression level, all GMD group significantly increased TGF-β1 compared with the negative control group, and filaggrin, VEGF and EGF were significantly increased in GMD 400mg/kg group. Epidermis, dermis thickness, and eosinophil infiltration were found to be decreased in all GMD groups compared with the negative control group. Conclusions : GMD is effective in atopic dermatitis by reducing imbalance of immune response of T cells (Th1 / Th2) and reducing skin tissue damage and inflammatory response.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2009

Purpose : The intestinal mucosal defect has been known as one of the pathogenicmechanisms of IgA nephropathy. Oral antigens usually induce the activation of Th2 cells and mast cells. These cells secrete cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and TGF-$\beta$, which increase IgA production. Although ketotifen (benzocycloheptathiophene) is an H1 antagonist and a mast cell membrane stabilizer, it could protect the gastrointestinal membrane through inhibiting the production of IL-4, IL-5, PGE2, and LTB4, and decreasing the activity of nitric oxide synthease. Therefore, we have investigated if ketotifen may protect the development of IgA nephropathy with an oral antigen. Methods : ICR mice were used as an animal model orally with Poliovax only [ketotifen (-)], the other group was given oral ketotifen [ketotifen (+)] in addition to Poliovax. Results : Mesangial IgA deposition developed in 11 out of the 18 mice in the ketotifen (-) group, while in three out of the nine mice in ketotifen (+) group. The mesangial change developed in 16 out of the 18 mice in the ketotifen (-) group, while in five out of the nine mice in the ketotifen (+) group. Serum IL-4 and IL-5 levels were not significantly lower in the latter group than in the former. Conclusion : According to the statistical results from the above, ketotifen therapy would be beneficial to reducing mesangial changes in IgA nephropathy.