• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2008

Textile industry has been recognized as an important pollution source due to its consumption of large volumes of water and chemicals. Textile wastewater contains very diverse chemicals in types and composition, among them the presence of dyes is highly visible and undesirable. In spite of these problems, there has not been a proper control for the wastewater because many dyes are difficult to be degraded or decolorized due to their complex structure and synthetic characteristics. This study has been progressed to evaluate more easily the potential decolorization of advanced treatment processes. It has been surveyed with the Y textile complex wastewater treatment plant, the raw wastewater has appeared very difficult biodegradability by 4.7 of $CODcr/BOD_5$ and 1,158.9 degree of color. In view of CODcr fractions, biodegradable COD portion was 46.4%, colloidal COD and real soluble COD was 45.3% and 31.5% each others. From research on unit processes, the degradable coefficient (k) became from 0.065 to $0.125d^{-1}$ by the processes, the decolorization appeared best efficiency by 30.1% (458.4 degree) in pre-ozone process. On the effluent from the biological process, the filterable CODcr became 129.3 mg/L, the biodegradable portion appeared 64.7% (83.6 mg/L), and the fixed dissolved solid (FDS), non-reactivity (NR), appeared very heavy portion by 80.5% (1,659.0 mg/L).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.881-888
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• 2007

In order to investigate the characteristics of the non-biodegradable material, the $BOD_5/COD_{Cr}$ ratio was used. The average ratio of industrial complex's influent wastewater was 2.29~2.96, the effluent ratio was 4.29~19.0. The removal efficiency of $UV_{254}$ by physicochemical treatment was 22.8~94.7% and 5.3~77.2% by biological treatment, respectively. Of the wastewater removal efficiency for each of the items, the $BOD_5$ treatment efficiency was the greatest at 97.3% and the color & TN treatment efficiency was 40~70%. The study of the economical assessment showed that the complex as well as the individual companies spent 722~1,298 won for each ton of treated wastewater. All of the wastewater treatment facilities spent the most money on chemicals needed to treat the wastewater. The total cost for Nylon manufacturing wastewater treatment plant was the greatest while the total cost for cotton manufacturing wastewater treatment plant turned out to the lowest. As respects of removal efficiency and economocal assessment, Polyester A and Cotton manufacturing wastewater treatment plants were better effective than a dyeing industrial complex wastewater treatment plant.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.233-234
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• 2003

There are many advantages of dyebath-reuse, including less water to heat, less effluent to treat, and a reduced consumption of energy, dyes, and chemical auxiliaries. Because of the potential economic and environmental advantages involved in this process, clearly it is deserving of further investigation. Dyebath-reuse using pH-sliding system has been investigated in the dyeing of polyamide with a single acid dye in a previous study. (omitted)

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

In this study, effluent water was produced through Submerged Membrane Bio-Reactor(SMBR) process, which is a simple system and decomposes organic matter contained in wastewater with biological treatment process and performs solid-liquid separation, Especially, ozone oxidation treatment process is applied to effluent water containing fluorescent whitening agent, which is a trace pollutant which is not removed by biological treatment, and influences the quality of reused water. The concentration of $COD_{Cr}$ in the SMBR was $449.3mg/{\ell}-COD_{Cr}$, and the concentration of permeate water was $100.3mg/{\ell}-COD_{Cr}$. The removal efficiency was about 70.1%. The amount of ozone required for the removal of the fluorescent whitening agent in the permeated water in SMBR was $6.67g-O_3/min$, and the amount of ozone required to remove $COD_{Mn}$ relative to the permeate water was calculated to remove $0.997mg-COD_{Mn}$ for 1mg of $O_3$.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Ecotoxicity assessments of 90 selected effluents of 22 industry types from 2002 to 2004 in Korea were evaluated by a toxic battery of bioassay test using fish Oryzias latipes, invertebrate Daphnia magna, algae Selenastrum capricornutum and bacteria Vibrio fischeri with the physicochemical measurement items and permit concentrations on the present Water Quality Conservation Act in Korea. Total toxic unit (${\Sigma}TU$) of 8 industry types of 22 industry types by the toxic battery appeared in order of the value site as follows; Pigment Dye Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 217.1) > Textile and Dye (${\Sigma}TU$ 39.3) > Semiconductor Electronic Manufacturing (Small) (${\Sigma}TU$ 25.6) > Wastewater and Sewage Treatment Plants (${\Sigma}TU$ 25.4) > Coating (${\Sigma}TU$ 23.8) > Leather Skin Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 18.0) > Synthetic Resin Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 15.6) > Assemble Metal Manufacturing (${\Sigma}TU$ 10.7). Our results demonstrate that ecotoxicity assessment, by bioassay test, is effective and practical for industrial wastewater management for 90 selected effluents with the limitation of the physicochemical permit. Among 90 effluents, 9 samples failed physicochemical permit limitation and 81 passed it. In result of ecotoxicity assessment of 90 effluents by the toxic battery, 76 effluents exhibited ecotoxicity and the others did not. The physicochemical measurement items and permit concentrations on the present Water Quality Conservation Act in Korea were low related to the ecotoxicity value by the toxic battery and appeared limited for water quality management to water-ecosystem and environment-friendly management of water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

A Staphylococcus sp. EY-3 with the capability of decolorizing Congo Red was isolated from soil at an effluent treatment plant of a textile and dyeing industry. This strain was able to almost completely decolorize a high concentration of Congo Red in 48 h under aerobic conditions. Optimal color removal (more than 96%) was achieved at 30- 40oC, and no noticeable effects of different pH values (5.5- 8.0) on decolorization were observed. This strain also exhibited a remarkable decolorization capability against azo dyes under aerobic conditions, even at a high concentration (dyes 1 g/l) of dye. The metabolic product of Congo Red degradation by this strain was identified by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC/MSD) to be an amine derivative benzidine.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.917-922
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• 2005

섬유 염색폐수는 PVA, 유기정련제, 각종 염료 등이 함유되어 있어 처리가 매우 어려운 난분해성 유기폐수로 분류되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 생물학적 처리방법으로 염색폐수의 난분해성 유기물질을 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 방안으로 활성슬러지를 PEG(Polyethylene glycol)에 포괄고정화한 담체를 고정상 반응기를 이용한 공정에 적용시켜 난분해성 유기물질의 처리효율을 평가하고 적정 운전인자를 검토하였다. 별도로 적응과정을 거치지 않은 활성슬러지를 고정화한 담체를 고정상 반응기에 충전하여 호기성 상태에서 연속식으로 운전하였다. 이때 유입수는 $SCODE_{Cr}$ 약 330 mg/L, $SBOD_5$ 20 mg/L 이하의 생물학적 1차 처리수를 사용하였다. 체류시간의 변화에 따른 각 반응기의 난분해성 유기물질 제거효율을 비교한 결과 EBCT 6 hr을 제외하고는 모두 50% 이상의 유기물($CODE_{Cr}$) 제거효율을 보였고 $COD_{Mn}$의 경우 배출허용기준치 90 mg/L보다 평균 18 mg/L 이상 낮았다. EBCT $6{\sim}24\;hr$ 결과들을 비교한 결과 EBCT 8 hr이 유기물 제거효율과 배출허용기준을 고려할 때 경제적이고 안정된 효율을 얻을 수 있는 적정 체류시간으로 나타났다. 또한 반응기에 충분한 DO를 공급하기 위하여는 주입공기 선속도를 $7\;m^3/m^2{\cdot}hr$ 이상으로 해 주어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 담체내부 미생물을 동정한 결과 PAH, PVA, Phenol 등 난분해성 물질을 분해하는 균주가 성장하고 있었다. 한편, 고정화담체를 131일에 걸쳐 관찰한 결과 압축강도와 담체내부로의 물질확산에 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 포괄고정화 담체를 이용한 염색폐수처리에서 고정상 반응기는 기존 활성슬러지 공정의 후처리로서 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 청정기술
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2003

본 연구는 청정생산기술의 개념을 염색가공분야에 도입시키기 위한 방법론을 제시한 것이다. 먼저 각 분야별 전문가로 이루어진 진단지도팀을 구성하여 대상업체에서 진행중인 제조공정 진행상태를 파악하고 사용하는 원부자재의 성능 및 환경적 분석과 폐수의 환경적 분석을 실시하였다. 원부자재(조제 및 염료)의 환경성은 TOC, CODMn, CODCr, $BOD_5$의 항목으로 평가하였고, 발생되는 폐수는 TOC, CODMn, CODCr, $BOD_5$, TDS, pH의 항목으로 평가하였다. 또 물질수지 분석과 LCA 평가 후 다음 단계로 공정, 에너지, 원부자재, 생산관리, 일반관리에서의 문제점을 도출한 후 그 중에서 개선 대상을 선정하고 마지막 단계에서 각 부분에 대해 지도하여 개선토록 한 후 최종 개선 효과를 분석하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2011

Effect of pH on ozone oxidation and peroxone AOP(Advanced Oxidation Process) process was analyzed and the optimal efficiency for both processes was obtained at pH 7.5. In case of ozone oxidation process, the efficiencies of color, $COD_{Mn}$ and $BOD_5$ removal were measured to 93%, 70% and 89% at a reaction time of 50 min(ozone dosage of 111.67mg/$\ell$). When reaction time increased to 90 min(ozone dosage of 201mg/$\ell$), the efficiencies of color, $COD_{Mn}$ and $BOD_5$ removal were increased by 3~5 %, indicating that the increment of removal efficiency was insignificant considering longer reaction time. Similarly, the ozone/$H_2O_2$ ratio was optimized to 0.5 for peroxone AOP process. Removal efficiencies of color, $COD_{Mn}$ and $BOD_5$ were measured 95%, 81% and 94% at a reaction time of 50 min(ozone dosage of 111.67mg/$\ell$). When reaction time increased to 90min(ozone dosage of 201mg/$\ell$), the removal efficiency of color, CODMn, and BOD5 increased slightly by 1~5%.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1331-1335
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• 2008

여러 가지 난분해성 색소에 대하여 탈색능을 나타내는 Klebsiella pneumoniae WL-5이 염색폐수처리장의 활성슬러지로부터 분리되었다. 이 세균은 정치배양과 at pH 6-8 및 $30-35^{\circ}C$에서 높은 탈색능을 나타내었다. Congo Red색소에 대해서는 $200\;{\mu}M$ 농도에서 12시간 배양하였을 때 90% 이상이 탈색되었고, Malachite Green, Brilliant Green, Reactive Black-5에 대해서는 $10\;{\mu}M$ 농도에서 80% 이상이 탈색되었지만, Reactive Red-120, Reactive Orange-16, Crystal Violet에 대해서는 $10\;{\mu}M$ 농도에서 각각 46%, 25%, 13%의 비교적 낮은 탈색능을 나타내었다. 트리페닐메탄계 색소는 세포표면에의 흡착에 의한 탈색을 나타내었고, 아조계 색소는 지금까지 알려져 있지 않는 새로운 효소반응계에 의해서 탈색된다는 것을 제시하였다.