• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.527-533
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• 2006

Tetracycline is one of the mostly used antibiotics around the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fate of two different types of tetracycline resistant bacteria in biological wastewater treatment plants. Tetracycline resistant enterics and heterotrophic bacteria were monitored under two different lab-scale experimental conditions. Tetracycline resistant enteric bacteria showed the lower percentages of total enteric bacteria and net specific growth rate in the monitored activated sludge system as compared to tetracycline resistant heterotrophic bacteria. Therefore, total enterics, potentially E.coli, might not be the best indicator microorganism for evaluating the antibiotic resistant bacteria in biological wastewater treatment plant.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 2000

Microorganisms causing bovine mastitis, swine diarrhea and swine pneumonia were isolated from farms in Chungbuk and Kyunggi Province and the isolates were identified using microbial identification system(MIS). The most common isolates from bovine mastitis were Staphylococcus sp.,Streptococcus sp., and Corynebacterium sp., those from swine diarrhea were Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Clostridium perfringens, those from swine pneumonia were Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida. Examination of 16 antibiotics against these pathogens revealed that the incidence of antibiotic-resistant microoganisms were very high and that many of these isolates had multiple resistance to various commercially available antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. These results suggest that the use of antibiotics in a farm should be controlled in order to decrease the number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms were very high and that many of these isolates had multiple resistance to various commercially available antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. These results suggest that the use of antibiotics in a farm should be controlled in order to decrease the number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to identify bacteria isolated from the oral cavities and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics. The bacterial strains were obtained from the Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology (KCOM). The bacteria were identified by comparing 16S rDNA sequences at the species level. The data showed that 77 bacterial strains were predominantly identified as streptococci (49.4%) and staphylococci (14.3%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using a broth dilution assay to test the sensitivity of the bacterial strains. The MIC values of the oral bacterial strains against antibiotics were different. Streptococci were sensitive to clindamycin, cefuroxime axetil, and vancomycin, and they were resistant to tetracycline. Staphylococci also were sensitive to clindamycin, cefuroxime axetil, and vancomycin, and they were resistant to penicillin antibiotics. Gramnegative bacterial strains were sensitive to tetracycline and were resistant to clindamycin. These results suggest that the antimicrobial susceptibility test is necessary in deciding the prescription for antibiotics, to prevent the misuse or abuse of antibiotics.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.309-315
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• 1994

Selective agar media were constructed for the counting of bifidobacteria in dairy produ- cts containing bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and streptococci. This media containing antibiotics inhibited the growth of lactobacilli and streptococci at less than 10$^{5}$ cfu/ml, but had no influence on the recovery of bifidobacteria. In order to inhibit the growth of 10$^{5}$ cfu/ml of lactobacilli and streptoco- cci, the addition of 1.0~2.0 $\mu$g/ml of tetracycline in BL agar medium was needed. When 25 $\mu$g/ml of neomycin and paromomycin were mixed with 1.0 $\mu$g/ml of tetracycline in BL agar medium, it was able to inhibit the growth of 10$^{6}$ cfu/ml of lactobacilli and streptococci but had a little negative effect on the recovery of colonies of bifidobacteria. The results revealed that the BL agar medium containing 1.0 $\mu$g/ml of tetracycline was suitable to count the cell number of bifidobacteria selecti- vely in the presence of a 1 to 10$^{5}$-fold excess of L. casei, L. acidophilus and S. salivarius subsp.thermophilus.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.172-172
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• 1990

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2010

Wild and cultured fish including olive flounder, sea bass, rock bream, yellowtail, gray mullet, gizzard shad, black rockfish, red seabream and squid were collected from a fish market located on the coast of Korea, and the antibiotic content of their muscle was investigated. Tetracycline group antibiotics were not detected in the 108 individuals of 9 species of wild fish. However, oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline(TC) were detected in some samples of the 111 individuals in 7 cultured live fish species. The detected ranges of OTC and TC were ND~ 0.06 and ND~ 0.03, respectively. Five different fluoroquinolone antibiotics were also tested for, but were not detected in the wild fish species. Only small amount of criprofloxacin(ND~0.029 mg/kg) were detected in a few cultured fish samples. Oxolinic acid was not detected in either wild and cultured fish samples. Results showed that even very low levels of antibiotics could be detected by the testing methods used. Antibiotics were identified in a few fish samples but levels were far below the maximum allowable limits of the Korean Food Code, and the safety of fish being sold in markets, with regard to antibiotic levels, was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2003

Isolates of 70 Proteus mirabilis were tested against 10 different antibiotics by a disc diffusion method as recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The isolates were resistant in order of tetracycline(100.0%), enrofloxacin(95.7%), ampicillin(74.3%), choramphenicol(62.9%), cephalothin(58.6%), streptomycin(50%), kanamycin(47.2%), neomycin(35.8%), gentamicin(15.7%), and amikacin(2.9%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 37 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of P mirabilis isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-cephalothin-chloramphenicol-enrofloxacin-tetracycline(11.6%).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2002

The present studies were carried out to determine antibiotics residues in pork and beef muscles by EEC-4-plate and HPLC. A total of 2,534 samples of pork muscles and 1,070 samples of beef muscles from slaughter houses were collected in Gyeongnam area from January to December, 2001. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Recovery rates of TCs, Sulfa drug, Penicillin G from fortified pork and beef muscles ranged as 68.79～98.24%, 78.21～94.58% and penicillin G 63.35～67.24% respectively, by HPLC. 2. Antibiotics residues were detected in 36 sample(1.42%) of pork muscles, 29 sample (2.71%) of beef muscles by EEC-4-plate. 3. Detection rate of antibiotic residues 14 samples(0.55%) and 26 samples(2.43%), in pork and beef muscles, respectively by HPLC. Concentration of residues in 22 sample(2.06%) of beef muscle were higher than tolerance level in korea. 4. Antibiotics detected were sulfamethazine(47.37%), tetracycline(15.79%), oxytetracycline (15.79%), penicillin G(15.79%), sulfamerazine(5.26%) in pork muscle samples and oxyteracycline (37.21%), penicillin G(30.23%), sulfamethazine(20.93%), tetracycline(4.65%), sulfamerazine (2.33%), sulfadimethoxine(2.33%), sulfaquinoxine(2.33%) in beef muscle samples.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.132-134
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• 2006

The main component governing selectivity in ion-selective electrodes and optodes is the ionophore. For this reason, a member of natural products that possess selective ion-binding properties have long been sought after. By applying this principle, the performance of tetracycline used as neutral carriers for cation selective polymeric membrane electrode was investigated. The cation ion-selective electrode based on tetracycline gave a good Nernstian response of 26.6 mV per decade for calcium ion in the activity range $1x10^{-6}M$ to $1x10^{-2}M$ with and without lipophilic additives. The optimized cation ion-selective membrane electrodes displayed very comparable potentiometric responses to various mono and di-valent cations of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions except $Mg^{2+}$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.535-542
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• 2014

A simple and efficient preconcentration method was developed using three-phase liquid phase microextraction prior to HPLC-UV for simultaneous extraction and determination of tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline). The tetracycline antibiotics were separated simultaneously on a column ($C_8$, $3.0{\times}150mm$, $3{\mu}m$) with high selectivity and sensitivity using gradient elution. Under optimized conditions (extraction solvent, heptanal; pH of donor, 9.0; pH of acceptor, 1.0; stirring speed, 700 rpm; NaCl salt, 0%; and extraction time, 60 min), enrichment factors (EF) were between 5.6 and 22.3. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the spiked urine matrix were in the concentration range of $0.08{\sim}0.8{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.4{\sim}1.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the range of $0.1{\sim}32{\mu}g/mL$ with the square of the correlation coefficient being more than 0.995. The precision (as a relative standard deviation, RSD) and accuracy (as a relative recovery) within working range were 1.3~9.1% and 84~118%, respectively.