• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tetrabromobisphenol A

Search Result 11, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

Exposure Concentration of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Southwestern Coast and Their Photodecomposition Characteristics (서남해연안해역에서 Tetrabromobisphenol A의 노출농도 및 그들의 광화학적 분해 특성)

  • Han, Sang-Kuk
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.25 no.3
    • /
    • pp.373-383
    • /
    • 2016
  • The aim of this study is to determine the exposure concentration of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) in southwestern coast and their photodecomposition rate. Also, it is to identify the radical species of the photodecomposition of TBBPA and their reactive byproducts using the electron spin resonance(ESR) method. TBBPA was not detected in any of the sea water samples from Mokpo, Gunsan, or Goheung. The sediment samples from Mokpo contained not detection(N.D)~50.0 ng/g dry wt., while those from Gunsan contained N.D~28.5 ng/g dry wt. and those from Goheung contained N.D~7.3 ng/g dry wt. The photodecomposition rates were $2.56{\times}10^{-6}/hr$ by visible light(400 nm), $7.98{\times}10^{-6}/hr$ by ultraviolet light(300 nm <), and $6.78{\times}10^{-6}/hr$ by sunlight. Also, we confirmed that singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are the key reactive oxygen species at wavelengths greater than 400 and 300 nm, respectively. This study shows that the main byproducts formed during irradiation at wavelengths above 300 nm are 2,6-dibromobenzosemiquinone radical(2,6-$DBSQ{\cdot}^-$) and g-value 2.0048 doublet spectrum.

Toxicity Assessment of Tetrabromobisphenol A with the Benthic Amphipod, Hyalella azteca (저서 단각류인 Hyalella azteca를 이용한 브롬화방염제 Tetrabromobisphenol A의 독성평가)

  • Lee, Chul-Woo;Song, Sang-Hwan;Kim, Hyun-Mi;Kim, Hak-Joo;Choi, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Moon-Soon
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
    • /
    • v.22 no.2 s.57
    • /
    • pp.157-163
    • /
    • 2007
  • Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used BFR (brominated flame retardants) as a reactive flame retardant in printed circuit boards, and as additive applications in several types of polymers. The purpose of this study is to assess the adverse effects of TBBPA on the benthic amphipod (Hyalella azteca). Results on the acute toxicity of TBBPA using Hyalella azteca showed that NOEC and LOEC are 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, respectively. In addition, when chronic toxicity of TBBPA was investigated at the concentration ranges between 0.01 to 100mg/kg, it was found that NOECs are $10mg/kg(fecundity){\sim}100mg/kg(viability)$, respectively. Significant fecundity inhibition was appeared at 100mg/kg of TBBPA, however, this concentration did not show severe adverse effect on weight increment. The values of PNEC were determined as 0.1mg/kg (fecundity) and 1mg/kg (lethal effect), respectively, using a safety factor suggested by EU and OECD.

Evaluation of Hepatic Antioxidant Defense Systems in Rats Treated with Tetrabromobisphenol-A (Tetrabromobisphenol-A가 처리된 랫드의 간에서 항산화활성 평가)

  • Lee, Sang-Yoon;Yun, Kang-Uk;Park, Sun-Hong;Jung, Sun-Ki;Kang, Keon-Wook;Jeong, Tae-Cheon;Kim, Hyung-Sik;Jeong, Hye-Gwang;Kim, Bong-Hee;Kim, Sang-Kyum
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
    • /
    • v.24 no.4
    • /
    • pp.303-309
    • /
    • 2009
  • Hepatic antioxidant defense systems were examined in rats treated with tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), a brominated flame retardant, at the doses of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg for four weeks. Hepatic ratio of glutathione disulfide to glutathione (GSH) and levels of malondialdehyde, oxidative stress markers were not changed in rats treated with TBBPA. Hepatic expression of antioxidant enzymes including GSH peroxdiase-1 (GPX-1)/GSH reductase (GR), alpha-, mu- and pi-class glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit was determined using immunoblot analysis. Alpha-class GSTs, GPX-1 and GR levels were significantly decreased in rats treated with TBBPA at the dose of 500 or 1,000 mg/kg. These results show that TBBPA results in down-regulation of hepatic expression of antioxidant enzymes related with GSH, suggesting the liver in TBBPA-treated rats may be more sensitive to oxidants.

Tetrabromobisphenol A Induces MMP-9 Expression via NADPH Oxidase and the activation of ROS, MAPK, and Akt Pathways in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells

  • Lee, Gi Ho;Jin, Sun Woo;Kim, Se Jong;Pham, Thi Hoa;Choi, Jae Ho;Jeong, Hye Gwang
    • Toxicological Research
    • /
    • v.35 no.1
    • /
    • pp.93-101
    • /
    • 2019
  • Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), the most common industrial brominated flame retardant, acts as a cytotoxic, neurotoxic, and immunotoxicant, causing inflammation and tumors. However, the mechanism of TBBPA-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in human breast cancer cells is not clear. In human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, treatment with TBBPA significantly induced the expression and promoter activity of MMP-9. Transient transfection with MMP-9 mutation promoter constructs verified that $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1 response elements are responsible for the effects of TBBPA. Furthermore, TBBPA-induced MMP-9 expression was mediated by $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1 transcription activation as a result of the phosphorylation of the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, TBBPA-induced activation of Akt/MAPK pathways and MMP-9 expression were attenuated by a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and the ROS scavenger. These results suggest that TBBPA can induce cancer cell metastasis by releasing MMP-9 via ROS-dependent MAPK, and Akt pathways in MCF-7 cells.

A Study on the Effect of Various Brominated Flame Retardants and the Compatibilities Between Polymer and Flame Retardants in PC/ABS Blend System (PC/ABS 블랜드의 난연화 및 상용성에 관한 연구)

  • 이영순;전종한
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.63-68
    • /
    • 1990
  • The effects of various brominated flame retardants were investigated in PC/ABS blend system. The compatibilities between polymers and flame retardants were expected with the solubility parameter using group contribution theory. Tetrabromobisphenol A carbonate oligomer, among the flame retardants in this experiment, has been shown good miscibility for PC and ABS, respectively. But polydibromophenylene oxide and octabromodiphenyl oxide has immiscibility. The flame retardant PC/ABS blends containning tetrabromobisphenol A carbonate oligomer have been exhibited higher mechanical properties, tensile strengths and notch Izod impact strengths, at varlous content of flame retardants, than containning other flame retardants. It could be seen that the trends of mechanical properties for the flame retardant PC/ABS blends have a good concidence with the expectation of compatibility.

  • PDF

Molecular Mechanism of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-induced Target Organ Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

  • Choi, Jae-Seok;Lee, Young-Jun;Kim, Tae-Hyung;Lim, Hyun-Jung;Ahn, Mee-Young;Kwack, Seung-Jun;Kang, Tae-Seok;Park, Kui-Lea;Lee, Jae-Won;Kim, Nam-Deuk;Jeong, Tae-Cheon;Kim, Sang-Geum;Jeong, Hye-Gwang;Lee, Byung-Mu;Kim, Hyung-Sik
    • Toxicological Research
    • /
    • v.27 no.2
    • /
    • pp.61-70
    • /
    • 2011
  • Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are present in many consumer products ranging from fabrics to plastics and electronics. Wide use of flame retardants can pose an environmental hazard, which makes it important to determine the mechanism of their toxicity. In the present study, dose-dependent toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a flame retardant, was examined in male prepubertal rats (postnatal day 18) treated orally with TBBPA at 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg for 30 days. There were no differences in body weight gain between the control and TBBPA-treated groups. However, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in high dose of TBBPA-treated groups. TBBPA treatment led to significant induction of CYP2B1 and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) expression in the liver. In addition, serum thyroxin (T4) concentration was significantly reduced in the TBBPA treated group. These results indicate that repeated exposure to TBBPA induces drug-metabolising enzymes in rats through the CAR signaling pathway. In particular, TBBPA efficiently produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through CYP2B1 induction in rats. We measured 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in the kidney, liver and testes of rats following TBBPA treatment. As expected, TBBPA strongly induced the production of 8-OHdG in the testis and kidney. These observations suggest that TBBPA-induced target organ toxicity may be due to ROS produced by metabolism of TBBPA in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Deep UV Photoresists;Dissolution Inhibitor

  • Shim, Sang-Yeon;Crivello, James V.
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.188-191
    • /
    • 2000
  • A new class of deep UV Photoresist based on the principles of chemical amplification was developed. This photoresist consists of three basic elements: a copolymer, blocked tetrabromobisphenol-A as a dissolution inhibitor and a photosensitive onium salt as a photoacid generator. On irradiation followed by a post exposure bake, tert-butoxycarbonyloxy phenyl group is converted to phenol group. Thus the initially base insoluble resin is converted under UV irradiation to a base soluble resin which may be preferentially removed by dissolution. This new photoresist display high sensitivity, 10 $mJ/cm^{2}$.

Study on the Compatibility of Brominated Epoxy Resin with Nylon 6 and the Characterization of the Blends (브롬화 에폭시 수지와 나일론 6의 상용성 및 블렌드 수지의 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hwan-Chul
    • Textile Coloration and Finishing
    • /
    • v.22 no.2
    • /
    • pp.155-162
    • /
    • 2010
  • Nylon 6 was blended with a brominated epoxy resin, tetrabromobisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBBA), to enhance flame retardant property. Thermal properties of the blends were analyzed by DSC. Melting point and crystallization temperature decreased as the amount of epoxy resin increased. Melt index and relative viscosity decreased as the amount of the epoxy resin increased. When the blended amount of the epoxy resin was below 5%, the melt index decreased while the relative viscosity slightly increased. The blend resin was successfully spun into fiber without swelling or drawing the resonance phenomena. However, both the tenacity and elongation of the fiber decreased by increasing the amount of the DGEBBA.

Photodecomposition Characteristics of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by Ultraviolet (UV-A) Irradiation (Ultraviolet-A (UV-A) 조사에 의한 Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)의 광분해 반응 특성)

  • Jang, Seok-Won;Han, Sang-Kuk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.35 no.2
    • /
    • pp.124-130
    • /
    • 2013
  • Of all the brominated flame retardants (BFRs), TBBPA has the largest production volume (50% of the BFRs in current use). It is interest to investigate how they may degrade, because of it can pose an environmental hazard. By using UV-A (${\lambda}=352nm$ ), we have found that the UV-A irradiation increased the photodecomposition reaction rate of TBBPA in an intensity-dependent manner. We also observed 2,6-dibromo-p-benzosemiquinone radical ($a_{2H}=2.36G$, g = 2.0056) generated from TBBPA by reaction with singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$). On the other hand, when an aqueous preparation of HA was irradiated in the presence of TBBPA, the typical spectrum of semiquinone radical was detected by electron spin resonance (ESR). And then, we have found that the photodecomposition rate of TBBPA is decreased in depend on HA concentration. Radical formation and the reactive rate of TBBPA were inhibited by sodium azide used as a singlet oxygen quencher. Therefore we report that a similar $^1O_2$-induced oxidation can be initiate in aqueous solutions of TBBPA dissolved in humic acid (HA) by the UV-A irradiation (${\lambda}=352nm$). From these results, we suggest that the reaction rate of HA with $^1O_2$ is faster than that of TBBPA with $^1O_2$.

Distribution of brominated flame retardants and phthalate esters in house dust in Korea

  • Kweon, Deok-Jun;Kim, Moon-Kyung;Zoh, Kyung-Duk
    • Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.23 no.4
    • /
    • pp.354-363
    • /
    • 2018
  • We examined the levels of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) including polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and phthalates in indoor dusts in residential houses in Korea, and their distribution patterns depending on building characteristics. Mean concentrations of phthalate esters ($1,825{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) were significantly higher than that of BFRs (PBDE: $1,332ng\;g^{-1}$, HBCDs: $459ng\;g^{-1}$, and TBBPA: $213ng\;g^{-1}$), indicating more frequent use of phthalate-containing products such as PVC flooring in the Korean houses. PVC flooring house was associated with higher concentrations of DEHP (p = 0.001) and BBP (p = 0.012), indicating that exposure to phthalate was higher in the PVC flooring house. Building age was significantly related with levels of PBDEs especially BDE-47 (p = 0.062), BDE-203 (p = 0.007), DEHP (p = 0.004), and BBP (p = 0.070), respectively, indicating that older buildings can produce higher amounts of PBDEs and phthalates. Our study can provide important information on the sources of BFRs and phthalates in residential houses in Korea.