• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.89-93
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• 1999

The purpose of this study finds out the effect of red ginseng extract(1.0 g/kg) on bis(tributyltin)oxide(TBTO)(10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) which poisons against some organs like thyroid gland, liver, kidney, testis, ovary. Serum immunity and sex hormone activity of rats are examined by gastric tubing for 3 weeks. The weights of each in treated group were increased, especially liver in females and those of testis in males were signignificantly increased at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg (P<0.05, P<0.01). In group treated with TBTO(10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) for females, the serum IgG level was significantly reduced in comparison with control group(P<0.05). The group of females which were poisonned by TBTO and rGe was significantly recovered in TBTO 10 mg/kg + rGe 1.0 g/kg and TBTO 20 mg/kg + rGe 1.0 g/kg. In case of sex hormone activity of each sex, the estradiol activity of females and testosterone activity of males were signignificantly decreased rather than the control group. And control group by bis(tributyltin) oxide and red ginseng extract is just increased estiradiol activity.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results in hormone deficiency and can be classified as 1) primary caused by the gonadal failure and 2) secondary by the hypothalamus-pituitary gland dysfunction and/or cardiometabolic complications. Recently the presence of thyroid hormone receptors in different testicular cell types was demonstrated, and thus thyroid dysfunctions would be another cause of secondary hypogonadism. Thus, we investigated the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on hypogonadism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Perinatal hypothyroidism was induced by daily administration of 0.05% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) by tap water from gestation day 15, which were compared with negative control (PTU (-)) group. At postnatal day 28, hypothyroid pups were divided into 2 groups: PTU (+) group - continued PTU treatment and PTU (+/-) group - stopped PTU until postnatal day 49. Body weights, dehydrotesosterone (DHT), and testosterone levels were checked 2 and 3 weeks after grouping. Body weights were significantly decreased in PTU(+) and PTU(+/-) groups compared with PTU (-) group at postnatal day 28. 3 weeks later, PTU (+/-) group significantly gained weight compared with PTU (+) group. DHT and testosterone levels significantly decreased with PTU treatment, but increased 3 weeks after stopping PTU administration. Perinatal PTU-induced hypothyroid hypogonadism was sustained for 2 weeks after stopping PTU administration, but restored gonadal hormone levels 3 weeks after stopping PTU. These results suggest that researchers should design an experiment on hypothyroid hypogonadism based on the estimated period.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2022

This study aimed to determine whether hormonal hypersecretion could cause morphological problems in the mouse vagina and affect the ovaries and nearby extra uterine organs. All mice were synchronized to estrus before the experiment. Then human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and testosterone were continuously administered for about 6 days to maintain hormone hypersecretion, and then morphological changes were analyzed, and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and Casp-3 expression were evaluated. As a result of the analysis, in the case of hCG, the morphological change did not show a significant difference from the vagina of normal estrus. In the case of progesterone, changes were observed in the mucosa zone and basal membrane, and it was confirmed that the activity of MMPs was increased in squamous epithelium cells. On the other hand, in the case of testosterone, overall changes in vaginal tissues were observed, and MMPs activity was increased to a very high level in all sections. The expression of Casp-3 was also the highest compared to other groups. Therefore, as a result of this study, it is thought that hormone hypersecretion affects the morphological changes of the vagina other than the ovaries and uterus and induces the activity of MMPs to cause morphological degeneration of tissues.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

Methoxychlor (MXC) was developed to be a replacement for the banned pesticide DDT. HPTE [2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane], which is an in vivo metabolite of MXC, has strong oestrogenic and anti-androgenic effects. MXC and HPTE are thought to produce potentially adverse effects by acting through oestrogen and androgen receptors. Of the two, HPTE binds to sex-steroid receptors with greater affinity, and it inhibits testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells by inhibiting cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activity and cholesterol utilisation. In a previous study, MXC was shown to induce Leydig cell apoptosis by decreasing testosterone concentrations. I focused on the effects of MXC on male mice that resulted from interactions with sex-steroid hormone receptors. Sex-steroid hormones affect other organs including the kidney and liver. Accordingly, I hypothesised that MXC can act through sex-steroid receptors to produce adverse effects on the testis, kidney and liver, and I designed our experiments to confirm the different effects of MXC exposure on the male reproductive system, kidney and liver. In these experiments, I used pre-pubescent ICR mice; the puberty period in ICR mice is from postnatal day (PND) 45 to PND60. I treated the experimental group with 0, 100, 200, 400 mg MXC/kg b.w. delivered by an intra-peritoneal injection with sesame oil used as vehicle for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed under anaesthesia. The testes and accessory reproductive organs were collected, weighed and prepared for histological investigation. I performed a chemiluminescence immune assay to observe the serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH. Blood biochemical determination was also performed to check for other effects. There were no significant differences in our histological observations or relative organ weights. Serum testosterone levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner; a greater dose resulted in the production of less testosterone. Compared to the control group, testosterone concentrations differed in the 200 and 400 mg/kg dosage groups. In conclusion, I observed markedly negative effects of MXC exposure on testosterone concentrations in pre-pubescent male mice. From our biochemical determinations, I observed some changes that indicate renal and hepatic failure. Together, these data suggest that MXC produces adverse effects on the reproductive system, kidney and liver.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean peptide on muscle damage index and hormone (testosterone and cortisol) concentration. Subjects of this study were 23 high school male taekwondo players who had participated in regular exercise. They were randomly divided into two groups, one group took soybean peptide (S-peptide, n=13) 4 g a day for 4 weeks and the other took placebo (placebo, n=10) for the same time. We obtained blood samples before and after experiment and analyzed for CPK (Creatine phosphokinase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), ALD (Aldolase), myoglobin, testosterone and cortisol. As for body composition, there was no significant difference in weight, body fat rate and LBM (lean body mass) between the S-peptide and the S-peptide group and placebo group. In CPK, LDH, ALD and myoglobin, S-peptide group was significantly lower than the placebo group and showed significant decrease before and after intaking soybean peptide (P<0.05~0.01). In the concentration of plasma testosterone, S-peptide group was increased from two weeks but not significant difference. The concentration of plasma cortisol showed significantly decrease in the S-peptide (P<0.01). These results indicate that the intake of soybean peptide have positive effect on index of muscle damage and changes of hormone concentration.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

In order to study effects of Yukmiziwhang-Whan on the growth of rats, we divided the experimental rats into two groups(Control&Sample groups) and peformed the experimental study. Sample group was administered the extract of Yukmiziwhang-Whan 1.6ml/100g for 4 weeks, and Control group was administered equal dose of normal saline. We measured the body weight, the length of femur and tibia, the level of serum growth hormone, T3, T4, Insulin and testosterone. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The body weight was not changed compared with Control group. 2) The lengths of femur and tibia in the Sample group was longer than that of Control group, but it was not statistically significant. 3) The level of serum growth hormone in the Sample group significantly increased compared with Control group(p<0.05). 4) The level of serum T3 in the Sample group significantly increased compared with Control group(p<0.05) and T4 level was trending toward increasing compared with Control group. 5) The level of serum insulin in the Sample group was trending toward increase compared with Control group. 6) The level of serum testosterone in the Sample group was trending toward decrease compared with Control group. According to the above experimental results, ${\ulcorner}Yukmiziwhang-Whan{\lrcorner}$ are assumed to have effective activity on the growth of rats.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Lorelin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ (Dongkook Pharm. Co., LTD) with Lucrin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ (Abbott) by measuring serum testosterone level in rats. Leuprorelin (leuprolide acetate), which is an active compound for the two formulations, is an LHRH analogue that is used for the treatment of a wide range of sex hormone-related disorders including advanced prostatic cancer, endometriosis and precocious puberty. Lorelin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ is a micro-encapsulated formulation to suppress testosterone level by releasing leuprorelin continuously for four weeks with a single subcutaneous injection. The comparison study of the efficacy was performed during four weeks, and serum testosterone levels were monitored in the two formulations. The mean serum testosterone levels from the formulations were decreased to that of the castrate range (50 ng/dL or less) after three days after the initial depot injection, and the concentration were remained throughout four weeks' period. There were no significant differences in the $AUC_{0-3day}$ of testosterone and testosterone levels at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days between the two formulations. These results indicate that the two formulations, Lorelin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$ and Lucrin Depot $Injection^{(R)}$, are bioequivalent in terms of the serum testosterone level in rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2019

Although there is a growing interest in male menopause, a phenomenon associated with male hormone depletion, current kits using antibodies to quantify male hormones are expensive. In this study, we constructed an in vitro system for verifying the activity or concentration of male steroid hormones using a transcriptional activity test. A reporter plasmid, pGL2-Neo-ARE-AdE1BTATA, which reacts to testosterone, was constructed. In this plasmid, the ARE-AdE1bTATA sequences can be bounded by the testosterone - androgen receptor complex to express luciferase as a reporter. Then, a stable transfection was performed on the human prostate cancer cell line, LNcap-LN3. The constructed LNcap-LN3/pGL2-Neo-ARE-AdE1BTATA testosterone compound detection (TCD) system showed quantitatively proportional luciferase activities to concentrations of $10^{-13}$ to $10^{-8}M$ of standard testosterone. The established in vitro TCD system will contribute to the development of materials for health/functional foods and drugs as it will be possible to search en masse for testosterone-like or testosterone-inhibiting substances derived from natural materials.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2013

Objectives: We investigated the effects of Korean gastrodia and bee pollen on testosterone production in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: This study measured the body weight, consumption of food and water, and serum testosterone concentration in SD rats fed for four weeks with gastrodia and bee pollen. Results: The average body weights after four weeks were $375{\pm}2g$ for the control group, $358{\pm}3g$ for gastrodia consumption, and $354{\pm}2g$ and $367{\pm}8g$ for acorn pollen and Siberian gooseberry pollen, respectively. The average food consumption in SD rats over the four weeks in the control was 23.6 g for gastrodia consumption, 24.3 g and 24.9 g for acorn pollen and Siberian gooseberry pollen, respectively. The average water consumption over the four weeks was 38.33 ml in the control group, 35.0 ml for gastrodia treatment, and 33.3 ml and 33.3 ml for acorn pollen and Siberian gooseberry pollen treatment, respectively. The testosterone secretion levels in the serum of male rats were increased by gastrodia, acorn pollen, and Siberian gooseberry pollen (2.68, 3.00, and 3.28 pg/ml, respectively) compared to the control group (2.23 pg/ml). Conclusions: These results suggest that gastrodia or bee pollen may be developed as a complementary medicine to improve sexual hormone production.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.7B
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• pp.841-847
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• 2011

Testosterone acts to protect the heart as a male hormone. If it is secreted suitably, health, but too less it will have an bad influence in organs of the body. In particular, when normal levels of testosterone secretion is less, arteriosclerosis will be increased risk of heart diseases. According to the amount of testosterone is influenced difference in the ring finger length of male. Therefore, we organize groups of subjects in heart diseases and normal who measure these groups' length of the ring finger and index finger. With this in mind, we carried out analysis of interrelationship in length of the ring finger and heart diseases through cross-comparison analysis in this paper.