• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1999

Phosphamidon(PMD) is orgnophosphate insecticide broadly using in agriculture. In order to study PMD toxicity in the testis, histopathological change and apoptosis were assessed following acute and chronic oral administration in rats and chickens. In acute studies, histopathological changes included necrosis and desquamation of spermatogenic cells, multinucleated giant cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules, and necrotic cells and the giant cells in the epididymal lumen. Atrophy of seminiferous tubule was seen in the chronic exposure with low doses. The toxic effects of PMD in chronic exposure including clinical signs and histopathological changes were more pronounced in chickens than rats. Apoptosis assessment was performed by TUNEL method and Hoechst staining. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were found in spermatocytes of seminiferous tubules, testicular apoptosis was more prominent following acute exposure than control and chronic exposure. Above mentioned result noticed that PMD causes apoptotic death and effects directly the spermatocytogenesis.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

Exposure to 2-Bromopropane has been known to cause degeneration of male germ cells. However the mechanism underlying this process is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to 2-BP induces apoptosis in male germ cells. Male rats(N=3 or 4 in each group) were orally administered either with the corn oil vehicle (10 ml/kg body weight) or with 2-BP (3,500 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days. The presence of apoptosis was determined by TUNEL detection in situ and by an increase in DNA fragmentation. A low spontaneous incidence of apoptosis was observed in vehicle control animals, especially in pre-meiotic germ cells of stages I-VI and stages XII-XIV the seminiferous tubules. In 2-BP exposure rats, the incidence of apoptosis markedly increased at 4 h, reached a peak at 8 h (about 7-fold over control), and then decreased rapidly to control level by 48 h after the last administration. Although apoptosis induced by 2-BP occurred in all stages of germ cells, it was most pronounced in spermatogonia and early spermatocytes in stages I-VI and stages XII-XIV. Taken together, our results suggest that apoptosis is involved in the toxicity of testicular germ cells resulting in oligospermia or azoospermia after exposure to 2-BP.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.504-512
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• 2021

TCDD로 유발할 수 있는 남성 난임 원인 중 가장 큰 비율을 차지하는 것은 정자형성 장애와 정자의 질적 저하가 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 GYB의 한의학적 처방을 이용하여 TCDD-유도 생식독성을 유발한 랫드에서 내분비기능 및 생식독성 관련 지표에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 수컷 SD 랫드를 5개의 그룹으로 7마리씩 나누어 실험하였다. 정상 대조군은 vehicle 및 saline을 투여하였으며, TCDD 단독투여그룹은 TCDD(2 ㎍/kg, weeks) 및 생리식염수를 복강 내 투여하였으며, 시험 군은 6주 동안 GYB (75, 150, 300 mg/kg)를 3가지 농도로 나누어 경구로 투여하였다. TCDD를 투여한 모든 군에서 체중 감소가 나타났으며, 호르몬 변화에서 GYB 300 mg/kg 투여군에서 free testosterone의 유의한(p<0.01) 감소가 나타났다. 또한 GYB 투여군의 고환조직에서 생식세포 일부 파괴, 정세관 위축 그리고 정자 수의 감소가 농도 의존적으로 개선되는 것이 관찰되었다. 또한 Johnsen's score, serotoli cell index(SCI)에서도 농도 의존적으로 개선되었다(p<0.05). 이러한 발견은 향후 남성 난임의 해결방안으로 의학적 시술이 아닌 약물요법을 효과적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2020

Iron has a crucial role in growth as part of metalo-proteins like haemoglobin or myoglobin, enzymes; they are also involved in energetic reactions. Iron plays a vital role in fertility. At high doses, Iron has a harmful consequence on the reproductive system, which can be strongly reflected the final stage of spermatogenesis. Nutritional products are claiming to use nanotechnology and it is important to recognize the potential toxicity of nano-sized nutrients. Recently iron nanoparticles were proposed as a food additive for poultry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-cystein coated iron oxide nanoparticles on reproductive performance in male quails. The results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, Alternating Gradient Force Magnetometer and Scaning Electron Microscopy showed that iron oxide nanoparticles was produced and have been coated with L-cycstein (Fe₃O₄-Cys NPs). A total of 100 one-week-old quail chicks were randomly placed to five groups of five replicates. Four quails (two male and two females) were raised in an individual cage for each replicate. The five experimental treatment diets consisted; negative control diet, with no Iron supplementation; positive control diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg of Fe₃O₄; treatment diets supplemented with 0.6, 6 and 60 mg/kg of L-cystein coated iron oxide nanoparticles. The hemoglobin, Red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, gonadal somatic index, daily sperm production, total testicular sperm and sperm viability of the male quails that were fed with diet supplemented by 0.6 mg/kg of Fe₃O₄-Cys NPs were improved as compare with negative control. This study showed that not only the use of the Fe₃O₄-Cys nanoparticles had no side effects but also it can be used as a feed additive to improve the reproductive performance in male quails.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2003

저자들은 폐전이가 동반된 고환암 환자에서 bleomycin을 포함한 항암화학요법제 투여 후 발열과 기침을 호소하는 환자에서 발생한 약물 유발성 폐독성으로 인한 폐쇄세기관지기질화폐렴 양상의 폐손상을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2017

Although alternative test methods based on the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) are being developed to replace animal testing in reproductive and developmental toxicology, they are still in an early stage. Consequently, we aimed to develop alternative test methods in male animals using mouse spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs). Here, we modified the OECD TG 489 and optimized the in vitro comet assay in our previous study. This study aimed to verify the validity of in vitro tests involving mSSCs by comparing their results with those of in vivo tests using C57BL/6 mice by gavage. We selected hydroxyurea (HU), which is known to chemically induce male reproductive toxicity. The 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value of HU was 0.9 mM, as determined by the MTT assay. In the in vitro comet assay, % tail DNA and Olive tail moment (OTM) after HU administration increased significantly, compared to the control. Annexin V, PI staining and TUNEL assays showed that HU caused apoptosis in mSSCs. In order to compare in vitro tests with in vivo tests, the same substances were administered to male C57BL/6 mice. Reproductive toxicity was observed at 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day as measured by clinical measures of reduction in sperm motility and testicular weight. The comet assay, DCFH-DA assay, H&E staining, and TUNEL assay were also performed. The results of the test with C57BL/6 mice were similar to those with mSSCs for HU treatment. Finally, linear regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation between results of in vitro tests and those of in vivo. In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate the effect of HU-induced DNA damage, ROS formation, and apoptosis in mSSCs. Further, the results of the current study suggest that mSSCs could be a useful model to predict male reproductive toxicity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.222-229
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• 1999

본 연구는 웅성 기니픽에 있어 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorod-ibenzolp-dioxin(TCDD)-유도 급성독성에 대한 홍삼의 방어효과를 병리조직학적 관찰을 통하여 밝히고저 수행되었다. 40마리의 기니픽($200{\pm}20g$)은 목적에 따라 4군으로 나누었다. 즉, 시험군 1에 대하여는 TCDD의 운반체(미량의 DMSO와 소량의 아세톤을 함유한 대두유)와 생리식염수를, 시험군 2에 대하여는 TCDD와 생리식염수를 복강 주사하였다. 시험군 3(TCDD투여 7일전부터 14일간 투여)과 4(동시투여군, 7일간)에 대하여는 홍삼 물추출물(KRG-WE)을 200mg/kg b.w./day 용량으로 복강주사 하였다. 한편, TCDD($5{\mu}g/kg$ b.w.)는 1회 복강주사 함으로서 급성독성을 유도하였다. 시험군 2에서는 장기의 무게가 현저히 감소하였으며, 특히 간(p<0.05)과 고환(p<0.05), 신장, 비장 및 폐의 무게는 시험군 1 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 흥선은 심하게 위축되어 있어 지방조직과 구별하기 어려웠다. 폐조직에 있어서는 간질의 미만성화와 섬유아세포의 출현, 간세포의 펭윤, 비장세포에 있어서는 헤모시더린에 침착된 대식세포의 수적 증가, 고환의 정세관에서는 정자 생성 저하 및 세포의 변성이 관찰되었으며, 신장조직에 있어서도 심한 병변이 관찰되었다. 반면, 홍삼 물추출물의 전 혹은 동시 투여군에 있어서는 TCDD-단독 투여군에서 관찰되었던 병리조직학적 소견이 현저히 개선되었다. 특히, TCDD-투여로 야기되는 고환의 위축은 유의하게 억제된다는 사실을 알았다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과는 홍삼 물추출물이 TCDD투여로 야기되는 장기의 조직 손상을 현저히 방어한다는 사실을 시사한다 하겠다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2004

TBTCl(0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10, 25, 32, 50, 75 및 100 $\mug/l$)을 구피에게 144시간 동안 노출시켜 TBTCl의 구피 생체 내 축적정도 및 구피의 번식과 행동에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 0.1 $\mug/l$ 이상의 모든 TBTCl 실험군에서 $\SigmaBTs\; (TBT:\SigmaBTs)$가 67% 이상으로 매우 높았고, 고농도 실험군일수록 이 비율이 높아져, 고농도의 TBTCl에 노출될수록 구피의 대사능력이 저해됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 TBTCl은 구피의 번식력을 약화시키고 행동이상을 유발함이 밝혀졌다. 즉, 0.1$\mug/l$의 실험군부터 수컷의 구애행동과 수출관 내 정포의 수가 감소되었고, 0.32∼10 $\mug/l$의 실험군에서는 정소 내 전체 생식세포낭에 대한 정포낭의 수도 점차 감소하여 TBTCl이 정자변태 과정에 영향을 미치는 내분비계 장애물질로서 작용하고 있음이 시사되었다. 더욱이 25 $\mug/l$이상의 고농도군에서는 단기간 내에 치사율이 증가하고, 생식세포가 괴사되고, 정소의 지지세포와 수출관 내의 상피세포가 상해되고, 유영행동 이상이 급증하고, 섭식이 중단되는 등 급성독성이 관찰되어, TBTCl이 구피의 번식 뿐 아니라 생존을 저해하고 있음이 시사되었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.80.1-80.13
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• 2020

Background: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development. Results: The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 ㎍/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log₁₀TCID₅₀ of 62.5 ㎍/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 ㎍/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV in vivo and in vitro.