• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater test-retest reliability of tibial external rotation angle measurement using a smartphone-based photographic goniometer, DrGoniometer (DrG) compared to a three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon). The current study showed an interchangeable method using DrG to measure the tibial external rotation angle in standing knee flexion at $90^{\circ}$. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. A rest session was conducted 30 minutes later for within-day reliability and five days later for between-day intra-rater test-retest reliability. To assess the validity of the measurement using DrG, we used a three dimensional motion analysis system as a gold standard to measure the angle of tibial external rotation. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) values were used to determine the within- and between- day intra-rater test-retest reliability of using DrG and a three dimensional motion analysis system. To assess validity, Pearson correlation coefficients were used for two measurement techniques. The measurement for tibial external rotation had high intra-rater test-retest reliability of within-day (ICC=.88) and between-day (ICC=.83) reliability using DrG and of within-day (ICC=.93) and between-day (ICC=.77) reliability using a three-dimentional motion analysis system. Tibial external rotation angle measurement using DrG was highly correlated with those of the three-dimensional motion analysis system (r=.86). These results represented that the tibial external rotation angle measurement using DrG showed acceptable reliability and validity compared with the use of three-dimensional motion analysis system.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.454-463
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare concurrent validity and test-retest reliability based on Craniovertebral angle of 'Angles video goniometer', a smart phone application for convenient range of motion measurement, and 'Image J', an analysis software with high reliability and validity. This was conducted to find out whether 'Angle video goniometer' can be used clinically. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Fifty subjects were imaged laterally, and the angle of the head and spine was measured using Image J and the Angles video goniometer, respectively, in a resting posture and a chin in posture. The level of concurrent validity between the two measurement methods and the level of inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability were analyzed. Results: For forty participants, the concurrent validity between Image J and Angles video goniometer showed very high validity with ICC of 0.997(0.995~0.999) and 0.994(0.994~0.998), CVME% 0.71~0.72%, SEM% 0.31~0.34, MDC% 0.86~0.94. The test-retest intra-rater reliability showed very high reliability ICC 0.994(0.991~0.996), CVME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.31~0.43, MDC% 0.86~1.19%. The test-retest inter-rater showed very high reliability ICC 0.995(0.992~0.997), CVME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.43~0.59%, MDC% 1.20~1.62% Conclusions: Angles video goniometer', a smartphone application, is a device with very high reliability and validity for craniovertebral angle measurement in healthy adults, and it is a device that can be easily used in clinical practice.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.257-264
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate test-retest reliability and responsiveness of Equivital Lifemonitor and photoplethysmography based wristwatch tools in assessing physiological parameters during a simulated fatigue task. Methods: Ten university students (Mean age, 30.6 ± 1.7 years) participated in this pilot study. Participants were asked to perform a 30-minute of a simulated fatigue task in an experimental setup in a lab. The physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature) were measured at baseline and immediately after the fatigue task. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used to evaluate the test-retest reliability of each tool in assessing physiological measures. In addition, the responsiveness of each tool to measure changes from baseline to posttest was calculated using a standardized response mean. Results: The Equivital Lifemonitor has shown good to excellent test-retest reliability for the assessment of heart rate (ICC, 0.97), heart rate variability (ICC, 0.86), respiratory rate (ICC, 0.77), and local skin temperature (ICC, 0.76). However, photoplethysmography based wristwatch showed moderate to good test-retest reliability for the assessment of heart rate (ICC, 0.71), heart rate variability (ICC, 0.73), electrodermal activity (ICC, 0.80), and skin temperature (ICC, 0.72). A large standardized response mean (>0.8) indicates that both tools can capture the changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, skin temperature, and electrodermal activity after a 30-minute of fatigue task. Conclusions: The Equivital Lifemonitor and photoplethysmography based wristwatch devices are reliable in measuring physiological parameters after the fatigue task. Additionally, both devices can capture the fatigue response after a simulated construction task. Future field studies with a larger sample should investigate the sensitivity and validity of these tools in measuring physiological parameters for fatigue assessment at construction sites.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.177-184
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of 'KPIMT Torticollis Protractor', a smart phone and I-pad application for convenient range of motion measurement, and 'Image J', an analysis software with high reliability and validity, according to head tilt and active cervical rotation angle. This was done to determine the clinical utility of 'KPIMT Torticollis Protractor'. Methods: Head tilt and active cervical spine rotation angles of 40 children with congenital muscular torticollis were measured using Image J and KPIMT Torticollis Protractor, respectively. The level of concurrent validity and inter-rater and intra-rater reliability between the two measurement methods were analyzed. Results: For forty participants, the concurrent validity between Image J and KPIMT Torticollis Protractor showed very high validity with ICC of ICC 0.977 (0.995-0.999), 0.994 (0.994-0.998), CV_ME% 0.71-0.72%, SEM% 0.31-0.34%, MDC% 0.86-0.94%. The test-retest intra-rater reliability showed very high reliability ICC 0.911 (0.911-0.966), CV_ME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.34-0.36%, MDC% 0.81-0.94%. The test-retest inter-rater showed very high reliability ICC 0.936 (0.933-0.957), CV_ME% 0.70%, SEM% 0.34-0.35%, MDC% 0.81-0.83%. Conclusion: The KPIMT Torticollis Protractor, a smart phone and IPD application, is a highly reliable and valid device for angle measurement in children with congenital myotonia and can be easily used in clinical practice.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.46-54
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• 2012

Ely's test is commonly used to assess rectus femoris muscle flexibility. however, a reliability limit of this test was demonstrated by a previous study. In this study, we present an alternative method using an application for a digital horizontal level in a smartphone (DHLS) to complement the reliability limit of Ely's test. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of Ely's test using DHLS on the pelvis, compared to using visual observation (VO) of pelvic and hip motions. Nineteen patients with lumbar extension-rotation syndrome were recruited for this study. An examiner examined the rectus femoris flexibility (both pass/fail and goniometer scoring) through Ely's test using both DHLS and VO. A retest session was completed two hours later for within-day reliability and seven days later for between-day intra-rater test-retest reliability. Results showed higher Kappa values for pass/fail scoring and higher intraclass correlation coefficient values for goniometer scoring in Ely's test using DHLS, compared to using VO. Measurement error and Bland and Altman plots further demonstrated the degree of intra-rater variance during Ely's test using DHLS in a clinical setting, compared to using VO. These results demonstrated that Ely's test using DHLS showed acceptable reliability compared to using VO. Ely's test using DHLS could be widely used for measuring the rectus femoris muscle flexibility in patients with lumbar extension-rotation syndrome, although the inter-rater reliability needs to be established first.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the test-retest, inter-rater, and intra-rater reliability of the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) when applied to children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Subjects were out-patient children with cerebral palsy at four CP clinics in Gyeonggyi-do and Chungcheong nam-do. For test-retest and inter-rater reliability studies, the PBS was used twice on 7 separate days by twenty-four children with CP. To assess intra-rater reliability, 10 CP subjects were selected by random sampling. Four pediatric-trained physical therapists with 2-13 years of clinical experience scored the children’s performance blindly, while replaying videotaped data. Results: There was no significant difference in total scores (ICC 3,1=0.89, 0.93, 0.90, and 0.91) measured by each of the four therapists on two occasions. The Inter-rater reliability assessed the 1st and 2nd time was high (1stICC 3,1=0.91, 2nd ICC 3,1=0.93). The intra-rater reliability measured by each of the four therapists using the 2nd scores was also high (ICC 3,1=0.98, 0.99, 0.97, and 0.98). Conclusion: The PBS is reliable. We believe that it can be used in characterizing children with CP.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 2015

Objective : This Study was conducted in order to develop the Learning Satisfaction (LS)and Learning Flow Scale(LFS) for Korean Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology and to investigate the reliability and validity. Methods : LF and LFS were administered to 44 students and 20 resident physicians . We examined the test-retest reliability, internal consistency and perfomed factor analysis. Result : 1. Test-retest reliability were reliable on LS and LFS for Korean Medical Ophathalmology & Otolaryngology.2. Test-retest reliability were unreliable comparatively on LS and LFS for Korean Medical Dermatology.3. internal consistency were all reliable in LS and LFS Korean Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology.4. factor analysis were reliable only LS of Korean Medical Dermatology. Conclusions : LS and LFS has reliability to measure learning satisfaction and learning flow of Korean Medical students. But there is no evidence about validity of LS and LFS for Korean Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of Mibyeong Questionnaire (MQ). The subjects enrolled in this study was 165 from July 2015 to Jan. 2016. The surveys were conducted twice with 3 month terms. Methods The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ analysis for internal reliability, Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis for test-retest reliability, Factor analysis with varimax rotation for construct validity, Kappa analysis for diagnostic reliability were used. The significant p-value was less than 0.05. Results and Conclusions The result showed that the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of MQ was .857-.937 and total was .913. The reliabilities between test and retest for the MQ were .666-.832 (0.416-0.673, in case of including recovery question) in intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Kappa of recovery question in each item was ranged 0.23(80.6% in agreement rate) to .46(87.9% in agreement rate). In test-retest the Kappa value of Mibyeong diagnosis referred by median value was .418(71% in agreement rate). This study revealed that MQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliabilities of questions and diagnostic value of the Korean Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire(KS-15). The young adults aged 20's participated in this study. The first survey was conducted in march, 2016, and the second one was conducted two weeks later. Three hundred and three questionnaires and the informed consent were obtained from all participants. The test-retest kappa analysis was used to identify the reliabilities of the questions and diagnostic value, and the significance level was .05. The number of subjects was 303 [87(28.7%)males and 216(71.3%)females]. The Cronbach's α were .630 in 6 characteristic questions. The test-retest reliabilities of questions were ranged from .469 to 734. The agreement rate of KS-15 between the first and second constitutional diagnostic value was 87.13%(Kappa=0.794). The higher Sasang constitutional probability score in first survey resulted in the higher agreement rate between first and second diagnostic value. KS-15 seems to be a reliable implement. Further studies for the reliability of the people of different ages and suitable cut off point in Sasang constitutional probability score are needed for the practical use of KS-15.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) index has been used to measure the outcome of total knee replacement (TKR), but studies on its reliability and validity are limited. The present study examined the reliability and validity of this index for patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent TKR. METHODS: Seventy-one inpatients and outpatients who underwent bilateral TKR for knee osteoarthritis were included in this study. The pain assessment scale and WOMAC index were used to evaluate the participants every two weeks to examine the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability scores for pain, stiffness, and physical function were .75-.92, .85-.90, and .75-.95, respectively. The corresponding intraclass correlation coefficients were .75-.88, .76-.88, and .71-.95, respectively. The internal consistency score in the first and second examinations was .92. Furthermore, the construct validity scores for pain, stiffness, and physical function were .83, .41, and .58, respectively. CONCLUSION: The application of the WOMAC index in patients who underwent TKR showed high test-retest reliability and internal consistency with the use of the WOMAC index and good validity with the use of the pain assessment scale.