• 방송공학회논문지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.146-155
• /
• 1997

본 논문은 MPEG-4와 같이 객체 및 내용 기반 영상 부호화에 필요한 동영상의 자동 영역 분할 알고리즘을 제안한다. 통계적 가설 검증(statistical hypothesis test)을 사용하여 영상 시퀀스내에 포함된 비디오 객체들(video objects)을 움직임 물체(moving objects)와 배경 (background)으로 자동 분할하는 새로운 영상 분할 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존 방법들이 두 개의 연속된 영상을 사용하는 반면에, 제안된 방법은 3개의 연속된 영상을 사용하여, 2개의 차영상의 평균값을 비교하여 가설검증을 행함으로써 잡음에 강한 특성을 나타낸다. 그리고 제안된 방법은 기존 방법과는 달리 참분산(true variance)을 사전에 알고 있을 필요가 없는 장점을 갖고 있다[18]. 또한 시간정보만을 이용한 변화 검출 방법의 문제점인 불규칙하고 부정확한 영역의 경계를 공간정보를 이용하여 보정하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 시험 결과에서 주어진 것처럼 제안된 시공간정보를 이용한 영상 분할 알고리즘이 시각적으로 의미있는 분할 결과를 제공함을 알 수 있고, 정확한 영역 경계를 추출할 수 있기 때문에 MPEG-4와 같은 객체 기반 영상 부호화에 적용할 경우에 영역 경계에서 상당히 우수한 재생 화질을 얻을 수 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.571-595
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 1971년~2007년까지 아시아 11개국에 대한 일인당 상대(relative per capita) $CO_2$배출량의 확률적 수렴성(stochastic convergence)을 검정하고 일인당 상대 GDP와의 환경쿠즈네츠곡선(Environmental Kuznets Curve: EKC)가설을 검정하고자 하였다. 본 분석을 위하여 다중의 내생적 구조변화(multiple structural breaks)를 허용하고 횡단면 주체간 의존성(cross-sectional dependence)을 고려하는 Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005)의 패널정상성검정(panel stationarity test)과 Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2006)과 Westerlund and Edgerton (2007)의 패널공적분(panel cointegration) 검정 방법 등을 사용하였다. 분석 결과 아시아 국가들에서의 일인당 상대 $CO_2$배출량에서 장기 그룹평균 수준으로 확률적 수렴이 이루어지고 있었고 일인당 상대 GDP와의 사이에 공적분관계가 성립하였지만 EKC 가설의 존재를 발견하지 못하였다. 경제성장 발전에 우선적으로 정책을 집행하고 있는 아시아 국가에서는 오염배출량 감소보다 증가하는 국가들의 영향력이 크게 나타나 EKC 가설이 성립하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This study is to classify quality characteristics of online environment-friendly agricultural products shopping malls into 6 categories and to empirically test their relationship with customer trust, perceived manageability, perceived utility and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted adults who have purchased ecofriendly agricultural production online malls for 4 weeks from September 3 to September 30, 2019. The survey type used was a structuralized self-report survey questionnaire made to meet the research purpose in 2019 as the time range. Out of 800 questionnaires, 500 copies are used after excluding surveys with insincere responses. Results - First, results to hypothesis 1, which was about independent variables and customer trust. Analysis showed that health, familiarity, platform reputation, reviews and product quality were found to have significant effect on customer trust; the hypothesis was adopted. On the other hand, system security did not affect customer trust significantly; it was rejected. Second, customer trust was shown to have significant effect on perceived manageability and perceived utility, so the hypothesis was adopted. Third, the hypothesis that perceived manageability moves onto perceived utility was adopted. Moreover, the hypothesis that perceived manageability moves onto purchase intention and the hypothesis that perceived utility moves onto purchase intention were adopted as well. Conclusions - Furthermore, the results of the study imply that it's imperative for online environment-friendly agricultural products shopping malls to consider their characteristics as the means to increase purchase intention of customers.

• 가정간호학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of home care nursing intervention with parenteral hydration and IV anti-emetic therapy on distress, nutritional status, anxiety, depression and QOL in gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing combination chemotherapy. Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used to test the intervention. Changes of result variables were measured to evaluate effects of the intervention. variables consisted of serum lab results(auto analytic equipment for lab), symptom distress Scale(McCorkle & Young, 1978; Song et al., 2000), nutritional status(body weight, circumference of upper arm, serum protein, serum albumin, oral intake per day), anxiety(Spielberger, 1972; Kim & Shin, 1978), depression(Zung, 1965; Kim, 1995) and QOL(Padilla et al., 1983; Lee & Jo, 1996). Subjects were selected among gynecologic cancer patients(EG 15 patients and CG 15 patients) by convenient sampling. Data collection was done from June to Nov. in 2000. Data were analyzed by Chi-test and Mann-whitney U test using SPSS Win 10.0. Result: Hypothesis 1, the EG receiving this intervention equals to lab test(Hb & ANC, GOT & GPT, BUN & Cr) the CG, was supported(u=69.50 p=.074; u=94.50, p= .455; u= 89.50, p= .339; u=106.50, p= .803; u=75.00, p= .119; u=97.50, p= .523). Hypothesis 2, the EG has less symptom distress than the CG, was also supported(u=43.50, p= .004). Hypothesis 3, the EG has higher nutritional status than the CG, was partially supported on daily oral intake (u=59.00, p= .025). Hypothesis 4, the EG has less anxiety than the CG, was rejected(u=86.50, p= .280). Hypothesis 5, the EG has less depression than the CG, was rejected(u=203.50, p= .228). and the last hypothesis 6, the EG has higher QOL than the CG was supported (u=51.50, p= .011). Conclusion: Home care nursing intervention undergone in this study was found to be effective to reduce patients' symptom distress and to improve their oral intake and QOL.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of the Qigong training program on the anxiety and labor pains of primipara. Method: The research subjects were a total of 60 primipara who consulted a doctor regularly concerning their antenatal care. Among them, 30 people were the experimental group, and the other 30 people were the control group, and were selected as homogeneous with the experimental group. The degree of anxiety and labor pains were measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS). SPSS WIN 11.0 was used for data analysis. Obstetric and general characteristics between experimental and control groups, and a homogeneity test of state and trait anxiety were done by both $X^2$ test and t-test. The hypothesis testing was analyzed by ANCOVA with a covariate of pretest value. Result: The first hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower anxiety than those who do not join' was supported (F=28.8, p<.000). The second hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower labor pain than those who do not join' was unsupported. Conclusion: It was verified that the Qigong training program was effective in alleviating anxiety; however it did not have any effect on relieving labor pain, so more in-depth research is needed later on.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine effects of an empowerment education program (EEP) on internet games addiction, empowerment, and stress in middle school students. Methods: The EEP used in this study was based on the Freire' Empowerment Education Model. The research design of this study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design for 48 middle school students, who were conveniently assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The data were collected from May 29 to June 19, 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC program with frequencies, $\chi^2$-test, Fisher exact test, t-test, mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA. Results: 1) The first hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have higher empowerment scores than the control group. "was supported. 2) The second hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have lower internet games addiction scores than the control group."was supported. 3) The third hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have lower stress scores than the control group." was supported. Conclusion: We suggest, therefore, that the EEP should be used with adolescent to help them control their stress, internet games addiction and to increase their empowerment.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.79-92
• /
• 1994

The objectives of this study were to examine whether there were differences in family cohesion and adaptability perceived by married women when socio-demographic variables authority patterns and sex-role attitudes changed. Dividing the family system type into two parts by the levels of cohesion and adaptability then collected data were examined to test curviliner and linear hypothesis. The subjects were 542 married women living in Pusan. The guestionnaires included FACES III Authority Pattern and Sex-role attitude scales. The data were analyzed with statistical methods such as Frequency Distribution Percentile Mean T-test and X2-test. The major findings were as follows: 1) The levels of family cohesion and family adaptability perceived by married women were high. 2) There were no significant statistical differences in the levels of socio-demographic variables Authority pattern Sex-role attitude among the groups of family system type I based on the curvilinear hypothesis but significant statistical differences were found in preferred variables among the groups of family system type II based on the linear hypothesis. 3) Among the socio-demographic variables family type religion and husband's educational level were significantly correlated with the groups of family system type II,. The percentiles of HH(the levels of cohesion and adaptability were high) families were high when the married women's sex-role attitudes leaned toward modern and authority patterns were husband-dominant.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.976-986
• /
• 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is considered the future network to support wireless communications. To realize an IoT network, sufficient spectrum should be allocated for the rapidly increasing IoT devices. Through cognitive radio, unlicensed IoT devices exploit cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to opportunistically access a licensed spectrum without causing harmful interference to licensed primary users (PUs), thereby effectively improving the spectrum utilization. However, an open access cognitive IoT allows abnormal IoT devices to undermine the CSS process. Herein, we first establish a hard-combining attack model according to the malicious behavior of falsifying sensing data. Subsequently, we propose a weighted sequential hypothesis test (WSHT) to increase the PU detection accuracy and decrease the sampling number, which comprises the data transmission status-trust evaluation mechanism, sensing data availability, and sequential hypothesis test. Finally, simulation results show that when various attacks are encountered, the requirements of the WSHT are less than those of the conventional WSHT for a better detection performance.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the problem of crack formation in the fire control system(FCS) of the K11 objective individual combat weapon(OCIW), using design of experiment analysis. Three hypothesis were considered. The first hypothesis is that bolted joint has an effect on impulse caused by firing the weapon and the second hypothesis is that a short time interval of shooting has an effect on impulse and lastly, the third hypothesis is that a positive correlation has between the bolted joint of the FCS and the impulse. Methods: The relationship between the bolted joint and the impulse cause by firing the weapon were examined experimentally. The first and second hypothesis was tested using correlation analysis and the t-test. Results: Using ANOVA, the first null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. ANONA confirmed the second null hypothesis. Correlation analysis dismissed the last null hypothesis. A positive correlation between the bolted joint and the impulse caused by shooting the weapon was verified. Conclusion: The bolted joint of the K11 FCS and the barrel of the K11 affect the impulse caused by firing the weapon. A positive correlation was established between the bolted joint of the FCS and the impulse on firing the K11 OICW.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 1984

This paper considers one-sample and two-sample test for the logistic function by means of Kolmororov-Smirnov type statistics. The standard tables used for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are valid only when the function is completely specified; but they are not valid if the parameters of function are estimated from the sample. This note presents modified tables for the Kolmogorov-Sminov type staistic. These tables can be used to test the hypothesis that a sample comes from a logistic function when shape parameter $(\alpha)$ and location parameter $(\beta)$ must be estimated from the sample by the method of maximum likelihood. Monte Carlo method is employed to calculate the criticla values of the test. The tables of the critical values are provided.