• Title/Summary/Keyword: Test Statistics

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Exploring the Reliability of an Assessment based on Automatic Item Generation Using the Multivariate Generalizability Theory (다변량일반화가능도 이론을 적용한 자동문항생성 기반 평가에서의 신뢰도 탐색)

  • Jinmin Chung;Sungyeun Kim
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.211-224
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to suggest how to investigate the reliability of the assessment, which consists of items generated by automatic item generation using empirical example data. To achieve this, we analyzed the illustrative assessment data by applying the multivariate generalizability theory, which can reflect the design of responding to different items for each student and multiple error sources in the assessment score. The result of the G-study showed that, in most designs, the student effect corresponding to the true score of the classical test theory was relatively large after residual effects. In addition, in the design where the content domain was fixed, the ranking of students did not change depending on the item types or items. Similarly, in the design where the item format was fixed, the difficulty showed little variation depending on the content domains. The result of the D-study indicated that the original assessment data achieved a sufficient level of reliability. It was also found that higher reliability than the original assessment data could be obtained by reducing the number of items in the content domains of operation, geometry, and probability and statistics, or by assigning higher weights to the domains of letters and formulas, and function. The efficient measurement conditions presented in this study are limited to the illustrative assessment data. However, the method applied in this study can be utilized to determine the reliability and to find efficient measurement conditions for the various assessment situations using automatic item generation based on measurement traits.

Analyses of the Relationships among Soccer Media Involvement Experience, Purchase Intent and Continued Participation intent in Soccer Clubs (축구 동호회들의 축구 미디어 관여 경험에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Eui-Yul;Kim, Kyoung-Hyun;Lim, Ki-Hyun
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.207-216
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among soccer media involvement experience(SMIE), purchase intent(PI) and continued participation intent(CPI) in soccer clubs and provide basic data necessary for the sustainable growth of soccer clubs and related goods companies. In order to accomplish such study purposes, the study employed a survey method with a total of 327 amateur soccer players residing in G metropolitan city. The data from the survey questionnaires were validated through exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis at the significance level of .05. Accordingly, following findings were derived from the current study. First, the level of interest was the highest among SMIE factors, followed by challenge and technology. Second, the level of alternative evaluation was the highest among PI factors, followed by purchase recognition, problem recognition, and information search. Third, technology factor in SMIE had a negative effect on PI. Fourth, technology factor in SMIE had a positive effect on CPI. Lastly, among PI factors, problem recognition had a negative effect and alternative evaluation had a positive effect on CPI.

A Study the Activities of Working People in the Sports Club (직장인들의 생활체육 동호회 활동에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Hyun
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 2019
  • The study was conducted to investigate the activities of working people in the sports club. The subject of this study was to take samples of workers who participated in the physical education system using the convenience sampling method. Out of a total of 400 questionnaires, 387 were used for research purposes, except for invalid or error questionnaires. Factor analysis and reliability tests were performed using IBM SPSS statistics Ver 21.0. Frequency analysis was conducted to explore the general characteristics of the study participants. An independent sample t-test ANOVA were conducted to verify differences among groups according to demographic characteristics, and a correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between variables. Regression was performed to verify the effect of variable factors. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was no difference in wellness and job satisfaction according to gender. Second, there was no difference in wellness and job satisfaction according to sport. Third, there was a significant difference intellectual wellness according to age. In particular, 40s and 50s were higher than 60s and over. Fourth, there was a significant difference in social wellness according to activity duration. In particular, 1~2 years were higher than 3 years or more. Finally, If you look at the impact of working people's wellness lifestyle sports club activities on job satisfaction, the professional wellness lifestyle club activities showed significant influence on job satisfaction.

Association between False Positive, False Negative, High-Background Cases and Humidity in One Lambda LABTypeTM HLA-DR Typing (One Lambda LABTypeTM을 이용한 HLA- DR Typing시 나타나는 위양성과 위음성, High-Background 사례와 검사실 습도의 관계분석)

  • Hyang Son AN;Minsung SOHN
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.132-142
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    • 2023
  • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed in the diagnostic immunology laboratory of the Seoul National University Hospital. Among 611 HLA-DR tests, specific bead reactions suspected of being false positive and false negative in Lot 20 reagents were found. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors causing cut-off corrections by examining cases where cut-off corrections were not made for 533 test results and cases where cut-off corrections were made for 78 cases after the cut-off corrections of specific beads. Frequency analysis was conducted to verify the demographic characteristics, and descriptive statistics were used to assess the humidity in the laboratory as a variable. Cross-tabulation was done to examine the association between cut-off corrections and demographic characteristics. Independent samples t-tests were conducted to verify the difference in humidity based on cut-off corrections. Finally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between humidity levels and the rate of cut-off corrections, and results showed as the humidity level in the laboratory highs, the number of cut-off corrections decreased by a factor of 0.986. This suggests cut-off corrections rate increases when the humidity lowers. Therefore, it indicates that humidity in the laboratory is also a factor that affects HLA typing results.

A Study on Blood Stasis Pattern for 159 Hysterectomy Patients (자궁절제술 시행 환자 159명의 어혈증 연구)

  • Choi, Jin-Young;Lee, Jin-Moo;Lee, Chang-Hoon;Cho, Jung-Hoon;Jang, Jun-Bock;Lee, Kyung-Sub
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.122-134
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to know the blood stasis pattern for the patients who had hysterectomy. Methods: Among the patients who had hysterectomy in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, OO medical center from March 3rd 2009 to October 21st 2009, subjects who met inclusion criteria and submitted appropriate questionnaire. We compared blood stasis score and operational method, age, BMI, past operation history of abdominal and pelvic site, parity, whether adhesiolysis, oriental medicine intervention was done. For statistics, we used independent samples t-test, oneway analysis of variances(ANOVA) and SPSS version 13.0 for windows. Results: Blood stasis score of the subtotal hysterectomy group ($44.43{\pm}15.01$) is higher than that of the total hysterectomy group($39.04{\pm}12.46$). Blood stasis score under the age 40($51.88{\pm}12.68$) is higher than 40-49 age patients($40.34{\pm}14.24$) and over the age 50 patients($41.62{\pm}13.46$). There is no statistically significant difference between laparoscopic and abdominal trial, whether adhesiolysis, oriental medicine intervention was done, BMI, past operation history abdominal and pelvic site, parity, chief complaint before hysterectomy, oriental medicine intervention. Conclusion: Through the results showed, when traditional Korean medical doctors use static blood medication, history of hysterectomy and age should be considered as the history of subtotal hysterectomy and younger age tend to have a higher rate of a blood stasis pattern. We need a further study to develop blood stasis indicators with a validated questionnaire, and more subjects involved at multiple institutions.

Resistance Factors of Driven Steel Pipe Piles for LRFD Design in Korea (LRFD 설계를 위한 국내 항타강관말뚝의 저항계수 산정)

  • Park, Jae Hyun;Huh, Jungwon;Kim, Myung Mo;Kwak, Kiseok
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.6C
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    • pp.367-377
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    • 2008
  • As part of study to develop LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) codes for foundation structures in Korea, resistance factors for static bearing capacity of driven steel pipe piles were calibrated in the framework of reliability theory. The 57 data sets of static load tests and soil property tests conducted in the whole domestic area were collected and these load test piles were sorted into two cases: SPT N at pile tip less than 50, SPT N at pile tip equal to or more than 50. The static bearing capacity formula and the Meyerhof method using N values were applied to calculate the expected design bearing capacities of the piles. The resistance bias factors were evaluated for the two static design methods by comparing the representative measured bearing capacities with the expected design values. Reliability analysis was performed by two types of advanced methods: the First Order Reliability Method (FORM), and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method using resistance bias factor statistics. The target reliability indices are selected as 2.0 and 2.33 for group pile case and 2.5 for single pile case, in consideration of the reliability level of the current design practice, redundancy of pile group, acceptable risk level, construction quality control, and significance of individual structure. Resistance factors of driven steel pipe piles were recommended based on the results derived from the First Order Reliability Method and the Monte Carlo Simulation method.

Prediction of Postoperative Lung Function in Lung Cancer Patients Using Machine Learning Models

  • Oh Beom Kwon;Solji Han;Hwa Young Lee;Hye Seon Kang;Sung Kyoung Kim;Ju Sang Kim;Chan Kwon Park;Sang Haak Lee;Seung Joon Kim;Jin Woo Kim;Chang Dong Yeo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.86 no.3
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    • pp.203-215
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    • 2023
  • Background: Surgical resection is the standard treatment for early-stage lung cancer. Since postoperative lung function is related to mortality, predicted postoperative lung function is used to determine the treatment modality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of linear regression and machine learning models. Methods: We extracted data from the Clinical Data Warehouse and developed three sets: set I, the linear regression model; set II, machine learning models omitting the missing data: and set III, machine learning models imputing the missing data. Six machine learning models, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Ridge regression, ElasticNet, Random Forest, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) were implemented. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second measured 6 months after surgery was defined as the outcome. Five-fold cross-validation was performed for hyperparameter tuning of the machine learning models. The dataset was split into training and test datasets at a 70:30 ratio. Implementation was done after dataset splitting in set III. Predictive performance was evaluated by R2 and mean squared error (MSE) in the three sets. Results: A total of 1,487 patients were included in sets I and III and 896 patients were included in set II. In set I, the R2 value was 0.27 and in set II, LightGBM was the best model with the highest R2 value of 0.5 and the lowest MSE of 154.95. In set III, LightGBM was the best model with the highest R2 value of 0.56 and the lowest MSE of 174.07. Conclusion: The LightGBM model showed the best performance in predicting postoperative lung function.

Epidemiologic Characteristics of Death in Breast Cancer Patients and Health Promotion Plans : Using Korean Cancer Registry data (유방암 환자 사망의 역학적 특성과 건강증진 방안 : 국가 암등록 자료를 이용하여)

  • Young-Hee Nam
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the major influencing factors of breast cancer death and to suggest policy measures to promote the health of breast cancer patients. Methods: The method of this study performed statistical analysis by applying weights to 2,300 cases of breast cancer registration statistics in Korea collected in 2018 due to the relatively small number of mortality data compared to survival. Statistical processing of the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results: The epidemiologic characteristics of death in breast cancer patients were 31.8% in those aged 70 years or older, and the mortality rate was 5.25 times higher in patients aged 70 years or older than those aged 39 years or younger. The anatomical site code was 36.4% in C50.4~C50.6, and the mortality rate was 1.82 times higher in C50.4~C50.6 than in C50.0~C50.1. The tumor size was 40.4% and larger than 4cm, and the mortality rate was 4.53 times higher in tumors larger than 4cm than those smaller than 1cm. The degree of differentiation was 13.9% in the poorly differentiated group, and the mortality rate was 4.38 times higher in the poorly differentiated group than in the highly differentiated group. In the hormone receptor test, non-triple negative cases were 59.6%, and the mortality rate was 0.57 times lower in non-triple negative cases than in triple negative cases. As for lymph node involvement, the presence or absence of lymph node involvement was 78.8%, and the mortality rate with lymph node involvement was 1.36 times higher than that without lymph node involvement. The survival period of 13 to 24 months was the highest at 26.5%, and the average survival period was 25.68 months (±14.830). Conclusion: A policy to advance the timing of national health examinations for early detection of breast cancer is necessary. In addition, a bill for the mandatory placement of health educators in medical institutions for patients with special diseases such as breast cancer should be prepared.

The Influence of the Peer Play Interaction of Young Children on Peer Competency and Self-Regulation (유아 또래놀이 상호작용이 또래유능성과 자기조절력에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Tae-Sun
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2019
  • Young children facilitate their social and emotional development by doing a lot of play activities with their peers. As an empirical survey study, this study is aimed at analyzing how the peer play interaction influences peer competency and self-regulation. To achieve that, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 271 young children aged 5 years who were going to the kindergarten in the G district of Seoul. With the data collected in the survey, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability test, correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted by SPSS program. The analysis results are presented as follows: firstly, peer play interaction positively influenced young children's sociability, pro-sociality, and leadership as their peer competency factors; secondly, peer play interaction positively influenced their patience, endurance of waiting, and adaptation as their self-regulation factors. This study drew the conclusion that peer play interaction is a critical variable to predict young children's peer competency and self-regulation. Therefore, it will be necessary to continuously develop a variety of play activity programs which young children can join in the inside and outside of kindergarten in order to helps young children improve their peer competency and self-regulation, and to actively connect the programs with Nuri curriculum.

A Study on the Effects of Pain, Sleep pattern, Life satisfaction on Depression in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis (골관절염 여성노인의 통증, 수면양상, 생활만족도가 우울에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Yun Jeong
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.211-222
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to assess pain, life satisfaction, sleep pattern, and depression and the relations between these in elderly women with ostearthritis. Methods: The subjects were 124 elderly women with osteoarthritis at senior center in C city. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 14.0. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. 1) The mean score of variables were pain 2.58, life satisfaction 65.4, sleep pattern 37.6 and depression 13.58. 2) 43.5% of the subjects belonged to depression group. 3) There were significant relationships between depression and pain, life satisfaction, sleep pattern. 4) Significant factors influencing depression were life satisfaction, pain and sleep pattern. These factors explained 48% of depression in elderly women with ostearthritis. Among them, life satisfaction was the most significant factor. Conclusion: These finding give useful information for constructing an intervention and preventive program depression in the elderly women with osteoarthrtitis.