• 제목/요약/키워드: Termite

검색결과 110건 처리시간 0.026초

Color Change and Resistance to Subterranean Termite Attack of Mangium (Acacia mangium) and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) Smoked Wood

  • HADI, Yusuf Sudo;MASSIJAYA, Muh Yusram;ABDILLAH, Imam Busyra;PARI, Gustan;ARSYAD, Wa Ode Muliastuty
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2020
  • Indonesian log production is dominated by young trees harvested from plantation forests. The timber contains of sapwood and juvenile wood, which are not resistant to termite attack. Smoking treatment can enhance wood resistance to termite attack, but it also changes the color. Specimens of mangium (Acacia mangium) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 weeks to smoke produced from the pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. The color change of the wood was measured using the CIELab method. In addition, wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) under laboratory conditions. Untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood samples were also prepared for comparison purposes. The results showed that the color of smoked wood differed from that of untreated wood, and the color change for sengon was greater than for mangium. In addition, the 1-week smoking period changed the wood color less than the 2- and 3-week periods, which did not differ. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had distinctive color changes compared to untreated wood. Untreated mangium wood had moderate resistance to subterranean termite attack (resistance class III), while sengon had very poor resistance (resistance class V). Salam wood smoke enhanced wood resistance to termite attack, and smoke treatment of 1 week for mangium and 2 weeks for sengon resulted in the wood becoming very resistant (resistance class I). Both types of smoked wood were more resistant to subterranean termite attack than imidacloprid-preserved wood (average class II resistance).

국내외 흰개미 방제 기술의 발달 과정과 목조건축문화재의 흰개미 피해 저감을 위한 방안 (A History of Termite Control and Improvements to Prevent Termites in Wooden Architectural Heritage)

  • 이상빈;임익균;김시현
    • 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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    • 제54권2호
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    • pp.194-215
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    • 2021
  • 이 논문에서는 흰개미 방제의 발달 과정과 최근 연구 동향, 국내 목조건축문화재의 흰개미 피해 현황과 조사 및 방제 등을 살펴보고 목조건축문화재의 흰개미 피해 예방을 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 목재는 건축 재료로 다양한 장점이 있어 우리나라에서도 다수의 목조건축문화재가 남아 있다. 목조건축문화재의 다양한 손상 요인 중 흰개미에 의한 피해가 다수 확인되고 있으며, 우리나라에서 확인된 3종의 흰개미 중 Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis가 전국적으로 서식하며 목조건축문화재를 가해한다. 흰개미 방제의 발달 과정을 1900년대 초반부터 살펴보면 이 시기에는 비소 등 무기살충제가 주로 사용되다가 1940년대 유기염소계 살충제가 개발되어 흰개미 방제에도 사용되었다. 이후 이 약제들의 인축과 환경에 대한 독성이 알려짐에 따라 1960년대 유기인계 살충제, 1970년대 카바메이트계 살충제, 1980년대 피레스로이드계 살충제와 곤충 생장 조절제, 1990년대 페닐피라졸계 살충제, 네오니코티네이드계 살충제 등이 개발되어 흰개미 방제에 사용되었다. 이와 별도로 흰개미의 생태적 특징을 이용한 흰개미 군체 제거제가 1990년대 개발되어 상용화되었으며, 특히 키틴 합성 저해제가 널리 사용되고 있다. 2000년대 이후에는 살충제를 이용한 토양 처리와 군체 제거제의 특성을 규명하고 효율성을 향상시키거나, 새로운 제형의 약제를 개발하거나, 종합적 유해 생물 관리(IPM) 개념을 차용한 통합적 흰개미 관리(ITM)을 적용하거나, 개별 건물이 아닌 목조건축물군을 보호하는 방향으로 흰개미 방제 연구가 수행되고 있다. 국내 목조건축문화재의 흰개미 피해는 1980년대부터 발견되기 시작하였으며 1990년대 후반 유네스코 세계유산인 종묘 정전, 해인사 장경판전 주변에서 흰개미 피해가 확인되어 관심을 받게 되었다. 이후 지정문화재를 중심으로 흰개미 피해 현황이 조사되었으며 2010년대에는 국립문화재연구소와 문화재돌봄사업단이 지정문화재를 중심으로 정기적인 흰개미 피해 조사를 수행하고 있다. 목조건축문화재의 흰개미 피해를 줄이기 위한 방안으로 피해 건물의 긴급 방제 실시, 다양한 토양 처리법의 선택적 적용, 건물 기단 상면의 토양 처리 실시, 고내구성 흰개미 군체 제거제의 개발과 적용, 다수의 목조건축물을 포괄하는 방제 계획의 수립과 시행, 통합적 흰개미 관리(ITM)의 문화재 적용, 문화재 소유자와 관리자에 대한 교육 등을 제안하였다.

Weathering and Termite Resistance of Woodflour-Recycled Polypropylene Composites in Tropical Region

  • Febrianto, Fauzi;Sulaeman, Rudianda;Karina, Myrtha;Ashaari, Zaidon;Hadi, Yusuf Sudo
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.88-97
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    • 2006
  • Wood flour (WF)-recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites composed of 50% WF of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume species, 50% RPP, various contents of maleic anhydride (MAH) modifier (0; 1; 2; 5; 5; 7.5; and lo%), and 15% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator (based on MAH weight) were subjected to weather for 1 year and subterranean termite (Coptotermes cuwignathus HOLMGREN) and dry wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus LIGHT) for 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. WF-RPP composites with 2.5% MA modifier had tensile strength, breaking elongation and Young's modulus about 2.2, 2.3, and 1.2 times, respectively higher compared to MAH-free composites. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier had 5.5 times higher resistance to weather compared to RPP film alone. The color of the WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier became lighter after exposures to the weather. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier are resistant to subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN and dry wood termite Cryptotermecs cynocephalus LIGHT under the experimental condition adopted.

Ingestion Toxicity of Fipronil on Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and Its Applicability as A Termite Bait

  • Kim, Si Hyun;Chung, Yong Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.159-167
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    • 2017
  • Historical wooden buildings in Korea are being damaged by Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto, a type of subterranean termite, and the scale of this damage is increasing gradually because of global warming. This study evaluated the ingestion toxicity of the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil to R. s. kyushuensis and its applicability as termite bait with the aim of controlling termite colonies more efficiently. An ingestion toxicity assessment was conducted and the $LT_{50}$ was determined to be 4.43 day at concentrations of 10 ppm, indicating a slow-acting effect; therefore, 10 ppm was selected as an appropriate dose. A field applicability assessment was conducted in which the number of foraging workers and the rate at which the termites fed decreased 2 weeks after baiting, and termite colony activity was no longer apparent after 4 weeks demonstrating the efficacy of fipronil at eliminating colonies. Taken together, these results, indicate that low-dose fipronil eliminated R. s. kyushuensis colonies faster than insect growth regulators; therefore, it is expected to be useful when trying to conserve historical wooden buildings.

Termite Resistance of Impregnated Jabon Wood (Anthocephalus Cadamba Miq.) with Combined Impregnant Agents

  • Arsyad, Wa Ode Muliastuty;Basri, Efrida;Hendra, Djeni;Trisatya, Deazy Rachmi
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.451-458
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    • 2019
  • Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is a fast-growing species that exhibits a lower natural resistance than that exhibited by the timber sourced from natural forests. Jabon's resistance to termite attack can be improved by impregnating its wood structure with poisonous organic materials. This study examined jabon's resistance to termite attack when impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive. The wood specimens were impregnated using sengon wood vinegar and an animal adhesive (8% and 10%, respectively) using a vacuum pressure machine. The specimens were tested for their resistance to subterranean and dry-wood termites according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7207-2014). The results denoted that jabon impregnated with wood vinegar and an animal adhesive concentration of at least 8% with the addition of 4% borate was effective to resist termite attacks. The impregnated jabon exhibited a lower weight loss and higher termite mortality when compared with those exhibited by the control specimens. Thus, the resistance class improved from class IV to class I.

흰개미가 생태계 탄소 순환에 미치는 영향: 고사목 분해를 중심으로 (Influences of Termite Activities on Ecosystem Carbon Cycle: Focusing on Coarse Woody Debris Decomposition)

  • 김성준;이종열;한승현;장한나;이소혜;윤현민;손요환
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제105권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2016
  • 흰개미는 전세계적으로 2600여종 이상이 보고되었으며, 집을 형성하고 군체를 이루는 등 각종 생존 전략을 바탕으로 다양한 생태계에서 살아가고 있다. 그런데 근래 흰개미 활동이 육상 생태계의 탄소 순환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려지면서 이에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 관련 연구 결과를 분석한 결과, 흰개미의 활동은 토양 유기탄소 농도 변화, 메탄 발생 및 유기물 분해 등을 조절하여 탄소 순환에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 흰개미집은 흰개미 생물량이 집중된 지점으로 일반 토양에 비하여 평균 1.8배 많은 유기탄소를 함유하며, 열대 산림 및 사바나 지역에서 연간 $0.0-6.0kg\;ha^{-1}$의 메탄을 방출하는 메탄의 점 발생원이었다. 또한 흰개미의 섭식 활동은 고사목의 부피 대비 표면적의 비율을 증가시켜 고사목 분해를 가속화하였다. 이 중에서도 Rhinotermitidae과 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해는 온대 산림의 탄소 순환에서 중요한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 연구는 극히 부족한 실정이므로 온대 산림에서의 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해 연구가 필요하다. 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해는 고사목을 결의 수직 방향으로 잘라 만든 단판 시료에 흰개미의 접근을 차단한 후 분해되도록 하고, 처리하지 않은 시료의 분해율과 비교함으로써 연구할 수 있다. 흰개미에 의한 고사목 분해 연구를 통하여 육상 생태계 중 특히 온대 산림에서의 탄소 순환을 보다 명확히 이해할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

서부 호주 밀 재배지역의 흰개미(Drepanotermes tamminensis (Hill)) 서식 밀도 조사 (Quantification of Population of an Australian Termite, Drepanotermes tamminensis(Hill), within a Western Australian Wheatbelt)

  • 박현철
    • 한국토양동물학회지
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    • 제9권1_2호
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 서부 호주의 Durokkopin 자연 보호 구역에 서식하고 있는 흰개미의 개미집과 서식밀도를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 조사결과 Woodland에서의 흰개미 집의 분포와 서식밀도가 Shrubland보다 월등히 높았으며, 일부 흰개미집의 경우 조사기간인 14개월 동안 크기가 감소한 것으로 조사되었으나, 일반적으로 조사기간 중 흰개미 집의 크기 변화는 거의 없었으며, 계급별 구성비율 또한 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나, 흰개미 개체수는 개미집이 작을수록 증가율이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 종합해 보면, 두 조사지역 중 Wooldland가 Shurubland보다 공시 흰개미인 Drepanotermes tomminensis (Hill)에 보다 나은 서식처를 제공하는 것으로 사료된다.

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Cellulase Production in the Digestive Organs of Reticulitermes speratus, a Native Termite from Milyang, Korea

  • Lee, Young-Min;Kim, Yoon-Hee;Cho, Moon-Jung;Shin, Keum;Kim, Yeong-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.421-428
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    • 2010
  • This study investigated on enzyme production in the digestive organs of the native termite (Reticulitermes speratus) in Milyang, Korea. Four types of major cellulases [EG (endo-1,4-${\beta}$-glucanase), BGL (${\beta}$-glucosidase), CBH (cellobiohydrolase) and BXL (${\beta}$-1,4-xylosidase)] were present in the digestive organs of the termite. The strong enzyme activity for BGL was found from the native termite, and also shown that the enzyme was distributed in the salivary gland, foregut, and hindgut. BXL, which breaks down hemicellulose near the amorphous region, was detected mainly from salivary gland, foregut, and midgut. However, CBH was distributed mainly in the hindgut. Meanwhile, EG which degrades cellulose, was found mainly in the hindgut and salivary glands. These facts indicate that celluases production patterns are differ from different sites compare to the same species found in Japan, suggesting that enzyme production in the digestive organs of termites is changed according to their habitats.

Termiticidal Activity and Chemical Components of Bamboo Vinegar against Subterranean Termites under Different Pyrolysis Temperatures

  • ARSYAD, Wa Ode Muliastuty;EFIYANTI, Lisna;TRISATYA, Deazy Rachmi
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제48권5호
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    • pp.641-650
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    • 2020
  • In this study, the chemical components and termiticidal activities of bamboo vinegar against subterranean termite were evaluated. Bamboo vinegar used in this study were produced from Mayan (Gigantochloa robusta Kurz.), Balcoa (Bambusa balcooa Roxb.), and Taiwan (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro). It was analyzed by gravimetric methods. Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) was soaked for 24 h and tested against Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7207-2014). The bamboo vinegar demonstrated antitermite activities against subterranean termite. Vinegar of 400℃ recorded higher total phenol and acid than that of 300℃. Results from this study suggest that the phenolic and acidic component of the bamboo vinegar contributed to 100% mortality rate of the termite, some wood weight loss, and a decrease in the termite feeding rate. These results strongly recommend that bamboo vinegar from D. latiflorus Munro is a potential environmentally friendly preservative.

남부지방에 분포하는 흰개미인 Reticulitermes speratus kyushuenesis Morimoto (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae)의 형태적 기재 (Morphological Description of Reticulitermes speratus kyushuenesis Morimoto (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in Southern Part of Korea)

  • 박현철;배태웅
    • 한국토양동물학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 1997
  • A study was carried out to investigate the distribution of termites at the southern part of Korea between 1995 and 1996. During the survey, termite samples were collected from the randomly selected areas. Most of thern were collected from the decayed woods in dead trees (usually in pine trees), but some were also collected from woodern walls, floors in houses, or in matured bed logs at the mushroom cultivating areas. Damage by this termite species were also observed by Kim and Hwang (1996) who investigated the insect pests of mushroom in the southern part of Korea. To control the termites, it is urgent to identify them and to conduct ecological study of termites. Thus, we firstly identified termites which were collected from the sampling areas including houses and mushrooms cultivating fields. All termite samples were identified as Reticulitermes speratus. However, there were several morphological differences among them according to the collected areas, and the samples were reexamined, identified and divided into subspecies as R. speratus kyushuensis.

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