• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 1997

The purpose of this study wa9 to analyse the gait patterns of two female children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy by using the three-dimensional video motion analysis technique. Case 1 has mild spastic hemiplegia on the right side while Case 3 has moderate spastic hemiplegia on the left side. A group of 10, normal female children of the same age(7-8 years old) were selected as the control group for comparison. Time and distance variables as well as the Center of Mass displacement, and the pelvic and joint motions in three anatomical planes were analysed for this purpose. The following observations were made through the analysis : Case 1 revealed an asymmetrical gait pattern in which the step length of the unaffected side was shorter than that of the affected side, which wan a result of the effort to minimize loading on the affected leg by shortening the swing phase of the unaffected leg. Case 1 scored similar phase ratios, cadence and walking velocity to the normal group. A slight posterior tilt of the pelvis was observed throughout the gait cycle. Less hip and knee flexion than the normal group was observed, and demonstrated hyperextension of the knee in the terminal stance phase. The main problem in case 1 originated from the insufficient dorsiflexion of the affected foot during the swing phase. Therefore, Case 1 has difficulty with foot clearance in the swing phase. Usually, this is compensated for by using exessive hip abduction and medial rotation in conjuction with trunk elevation as well as increased vortical displacement of the center of mass. Case 1 revealed a foot-flat initial contact pattern. Case 2 was characterized by a consistent retraction ef the affected aide of the body througout the gait cycle, As a result, an asymmetrical gait pattern with increased stance phase ratios of the unaffected side was observed. In spite of this the step lengths of both sieds were similar. Case 2 scored lower cadence and walking speed than the normal group with lower gait stability. The main problem in Case 2 originated from an excessive plantaflexion of the affected foot which, in turn, rebutted in high hip and knee flexion. Hyperextension of the knee was observed at mid-stance, and execessive anterior tilt of the pelvis throughout the gait cycle was noticed. A gait pattern with high hip abduction and medial circumduction was maintained for the stability in the stance phase and foot clearance in the swing phase. Case 2 revealed a forefoot-contact initial contact pattern.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

In order to have a superconductive connection between the wire-wound pickup coil and input coil, typically Nb terminal blocks with screw holes are used. Since this connection structure occupies large volume, large stray pickup area can be generated which can pickup external noise fields. Thus, SQUID and connection block are shielded inside a superconducting tube, and this SQUID module is located at some distance from the distal coil of the gradiometer to minimize the distortion or imbalance of uniform background field due to the superconducting module. To operate this conventional SQUID module, we need a higher liquid He level, resulting in shorter refill interval. To make the fabrication of gradiometers simpler and refill interval longer, we developed a novel method of connecting the pickup coil into the input coil. Gradiometer coil wound of 0.125-mm diameter NbTi wires were glued close to the input coil pads of SQUID. The superconductive connection was made using an ultrasonic bonding of annealed 0.025-mm diameter Nb wires, bonded directly on the surface of NbTi wires where insulation layer was stripped out. The reliability of the superconductive bonding was good enough to sustain several thermal cycling. The stray pickup area due to this connection structure is about $0.1\;mm^2$, much smaller than the typical stray pickup area using the conventional screw block method. By using this compact connection structure, the position of the SQUID sensor is only about 20-30 mm from the distal coil of the gradiometer. Based on this compact module, we fabricated a magnetocardiography system having 61 first-order axial gradiometers, and measured MCG signals. The gradiometers have a coil diameter of 20 mm, and the baseline is 70 mm. The 61 axial gradiometer bobbins were distributed in a hexagonal lattice structure with a sensor interval of 26 mm, measuring $dB_z/dz$ component of magnetocardiography signals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.481-489
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• 2017

The study area,Cheonan Stream, is an urban river that flows through urban areas in close proximity to densely populated areas and multi-use facilities. The natural river improvement project from 2006 to 2015 improved the quality of life of local residents with the improvement of river function, the restoration of the natural ecosystem and the securement of hydrophilic space. A bike way in the constructed waterside space was built focusing on trails. This study suggests improvements appropriate for insufficient bike way function-related regulations. The problems of ramps, river crossing facilities, stairway facilities, safety facilities, signs, road markings, and parking facilities, etc.have arisen in the utilization situation and citizen consciousness survey. As an improvement, it was suggested that 12% or fewer ramps should be improved, a submerged bridge should be installed at 7 places separated by stepping bridges, and signs and road markings according to bike way-related regulations should be installed and bike parking facilities at Cheonan station and Cheonan bus terminal should be expanded. The bike way in the waterfront of ChoenanCheon(river) will increase the accessibility and utilization rate of short-distance transportation with the institutional expansion of bike use facilities and work organizations and the improvement of facilities in accordance with urban rivers and bike-related regulations. Therefore, it is expected that the development of the living space will be beneficial for the citizens due to the elimination of traffic in the city and the activation of bike traffic.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

In navigation route planning systems using A* algorithms, the cardinality of an Open list, which is a list of candidate nodes through which a terminal node can be accessed, increases as the path length increases. In this paper, a method of alternately utilizing the Dijkstra's algorithm and the A* algorithm to reduce the cardinality of the Open list is investigated. In particular, by employing a depth parameter, named Level, the two algorithms are alternately performed depending on the Level's value. Using the hybrid searching approach, the Open list constructed in the Dijkstra's algorithm is transferred into the Open list of the A* algorithm, and consequently, the unconstricted increase of the cardinality of the Open list of the former algorithm can be avoided and controlled appropriately. In addition, an optimal or nearly optimal path similar to the Dijkstra's route, but not available in the A* algorithm, can be found. The experimental results, obtained with synthetic and real-life benchmark data, demonstrate that the computational cost, measured with the number of nodes to be compared, was remarkably reduced compared to the traditional searching algorithms, while maintaining the similar distance to those of the latter algorithms. Here, the values of Level were empirically selected. Thus, a study on finding the optimal Level values, while taking into consideration the actual road conditions remains open.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2017

Currently, the height of ships that can pass under Busan Harbor Bridge is limited to 60m or shorter, so that large-sized ships of 60m or taller cannot use Busan Harbor international passenger terminal. Accordingly, this study has developed a service which measures continuously the change of bridge height by water level changes and provides such in real-time for safe bridge passage of large-sized ships of 60m or taller. The measurement system comprised of high-precision laser distance measurement device, GPS sensor, optical module, and damping structure is used to measure the bridge height change according to tide level changes, and the measured information is provided in real-time through cloud-based mobile app. Also, in order to secure objective bridge height data for changes to height limits and navigation supports, the observation data was analyzed and forecast model was drawn. As a result, it became an objective evidence to revise the passage height rules of the Busan Port Bridge from 60 meters to 63 meters.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.553-558
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• 2003

The crystal structure of $[n-Bu_4N]_2[Mo_6O_{19}]$(TBAM) (n-Bu4N=tetrabutylammonium) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with lattice parameters ${\alpha}$=16.314(5), b=17.288(5), c=17.776(4)${\AA}$ ${\beta}$=101.47(3), and Z=4. In $[Mo_6O{19}]^{2-}$ anion, Mo atoms occupy six vertices of octahedron and each Mo atom is coordinated by six oxygen atoms to adopt distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The average bond distance of Mo-Ot (terminal), Mo-Ob (bridged) and Mo-Oc (central) are 1.680 ${\AA}$, 1.931 ${\AA}$ and 2.325 ${\AA}$ respectively. In $[n-Bu_4N]^+$ cation, the N atom possesses a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. There are some potential extensive C-H ${\cdots}$ O hydrogen bonds in the lattice, by which connecte molecules and stabilize the crystal structure. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that thermal decomposition of the title compound includes two transitions and it loses weight at 356.0 and 803.5 $^{\circ}$, respectively, and the residue presumable be $Mo_2O_2$. Accordingly, the title compound has high thermal stability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.2004-2010
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• 2009

The characteristic of the backbond for distribution service in WMNs(Wireless Mesh Networks) is that WMNs has multiple links connected to mesh points and dynamic routing protocol such as AODV to establish routing paths. When the terminal is communicating with the service through new AP, mobile nodes can resume communication by setting only the link between new AP and mobile node in the case of existing WLANs, but WMNs needs path establishment process in multihop networks. Our goal in this paper is to support the seamless communication service by eliminating path establishment delay in WMNs. We present the method that eliminates the handover latency by predicting the location of handover using GPS information and making the paths to their destination in advance. We implement mesh nodes using embedded board that contains proposed handover method and evaluate performance of handover latency. Our experiment shows that handover delay time is decreased from 2.47 to 0.05 seconds and data loss rate is decreased from 20~35% in the existing method to 0~10% level.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

The most optimal route-search algorithm thus far has introduced a method of applying node labels and link labels. Node labels consider two nodes simultaneously in the optimal route-search process, while link labels consider two links simultaneously. This study proposes a turn-label-based optimal route-search technique that considers two turns simultaneously in the process. Turn-label-based optimal route search guarantees the optimal solution of dynamic programming based on Bellman's principle as it considers a two-turn search process. Turn-label-based optimal route search can accommodate the advantages of applying link labels because the concept of approaching the limit of link labels is applied equally. Therefore, it is possible to reflect rational cyclic traffic where nodes allow multiple visits without expanding the network, while links do not allow visits. In particular, it reflects the additional cost structure that appears in two consecutive turns, making it possible to express the structure of the travel-cost function more flexibly. A case study was conducted on the metropolitan urban railway network consisting of transportation card terminal readers, aiming to examine the scalability of the research by introducing parameters that reflect psychological resistance in travel with continuous pedestrian transfers into turn label optimal path search. Simulation results showed that it is possible to avoid conservative transfers even if the travel time and distance increase as the psychological resistance value for continuous turns increases, confirming the need to reflect the cost structure of turn labels. Nevertheless, further research is needed to secure diversity in the travel-cost functions of road and public-transportation networks.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2024

Reckless development of the underground by rapid urbanization causes inspection delay on replacement of existing structure and installation new facilities. However, frequent accidents occur due to deviation in construction design planned by inaccurate location information of underground structure. Meanwhile, the electrical resistivity survey, knowns as non-destructive method, is based on the difference in the electric potential of electrodes to measure the electrical resistance of ground. This method is significantly advanced with multi-electrode and deep learning for analyzing strata. However, there is no study to quantitatively assess change in electrical resistance according to geometric conditions of structures. This study evaluates changes in electrical resistance through geometric parameters of electrodes and structure. Firstly, electrical resistance numerical module is developed using generalized mesh occurring minimal errors between theoretical and numerical resistance values. Then, changes in resistances are quantitatively compared on geometric parameters including burial depth, diameter of structure, and distance electrode and structure under steady current condition. The results show that higher electrical resistance is measured for shallow depth, larger size, and proximity to the electrode. Additionally, electric potential and current density distributions are analyzed to discuss the measured electrical resistance around the terminal electrode and structure.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.247-260
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• 2014

To identify the species of Trichogramma occurring in the corn fields of Korea as egg parasitoids of Ostrinia furnacalis, we sequenced the full-length of ITS2 nuclear rDNA from 112 parasitoids collected during this study. As a reference to distinguish species, we also retrieved full-length ITS2 sequences of 60 Trichogramma species from the NCBI GenBank database. On the basis of the size and 3'terminal sequence pattern of the ITS2 sequences, the Trichogramma samples collected in this study were divided into three groups (K-1, -2, and -3). Evolutionary distances (d) within and between groups based on ITS2 sequences were estimated to be ${\leq}0.005$ and ${\geq}0.080$, respectively. In the net average distance between groups or species, the d value between K-1 and T. ostriniae, K-2 and T. dendrolimi, and K-3 and T. confusum was the lowest, with values of 0.016, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively. In the phylogenetic tree, K-1 and K-2 were clustered with T. ostriniae and T. dendrolimi, respectively. However, K-3 was clustered with three different species, namely, T. confusum, T. chilonis, and T. bilingensis. NCBI BLAST results revealed that parasitoids belonging to K-1 and K-2 showed 99% identity with T. ostriniae and T. dendrolimi, respectively. Parasitoids in K-3 collected from Hongcheon showed 99-100% identity with T. confusum and T. chilonis, and one parasitoid in K-3 collected from Gochang had 98% identity with T. bilingensis, T. confusum, and T. chilonis. On the basis of these results, we infer that the species of Trichogramma collected in this study are closely related to T. ostriniae (K-1) and T. dendrolimi (K-2). However, it was not possible to distinguish species of K-3 using the ITS2 sequence alone.