• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1015-1035
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• 2017

This paper analyzes how the concept of 'technological innovation' has changed in South Korea. We conducted keyword co-occurrence network analysis on articles in Science and Technology, a magazine published by the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies since 1968. With writers and readership from professional science and technology communities, government officers, as well as citizens, Science and Technology is a suitable archival source to represent discourses relating to South Korean use of the term 'technological innovation'. We used all the articles from 1968 to 2017 that include the term 'technological innovation' in their title. Also, we analyzed the keywords that co-occur with 'technological innovation' by the frame divided into three periods. The following conclusions were elicited: The term 'technological innovation' has been understood as a leading factor for government-driven industrial development since the 1960s. Nevertheless, the meaning of the term evolved over time. In the 1960s and 70s, 'technological innovation' referred to the introduction, assimilation, and transfer of technology. However, since the 1980s it has acquired a more multilateral meaning, connecting various industrial sectors and interest groups. This conclusion reveals that the meaning of 'technological innovation' is not static, but rather it is constructed over time. This study is expected to contribute to research on the direction of the technological innovation policy of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.53-72
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and nature of long term boarding care of children provided by grandparents in surrogate foster homes. Data were collected from 10 children 15 to 18 years of age by in depth interviews and observation from May 2007 to July 2007. Analysis of data was by the phenomenological analytic method of Giorgi(1970). Seven essential themes were extracted: (1) ambivalence about being labeled "family headed by a child," (2) recognition of the burden to grandparents with appreciation for their care, (3) resentment and yearning for parents, (4) economic hardship, (5) discord with grandparents, (6) maladjustment to school life, and (7) overcoming such obstacles as poor economic conditions and loneliness.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.5
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• pp.293-310
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• 2003

This study starts with a remark on the frequent usage of the term 'generation culture' in the explanations of cultural change. The term 'generation culture' itself does have neither a clear meaning nor any academic consensus for its operational definition yet. Depending on intuitions or common senses, in most cases, of everyday lift experience, the tends to designate the co-existence of different cultural layers as composing subsystems of a little broader Korean cultural trend. I tried here to analyze different positions and perspectives in the employment of this term, sometimes with strategic intentions of each social groups. Economic or political positions, for example, are intertwined with the quest of identification concerning 'we' and 'other' grouping dynamics in the Age of Globalization, which accelerates the speed of cultural re-territorialization. And the role of consumption activity as a kind of cultural indication has gained more weight in that process. This analysis will remind us, also, of the post-modem society's assumption about the space-and-time in transition, and its fluctuation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.288-298
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• 2021

Abstractive text summarization is a process of making a summary of a given text by paraphrasing the facts of the text while keeping the meaning intact. The manmade summary generation process is laborious and time-consuming. We present here a summary generation model that is based on multilayered attentional peephole convolutional long short-term memory (MAPCoL; LSTM) in order to extract abstractive summaries of large text in an automated manner. We added the concept of attention in a peephole convolutional LSTM to improve the overall quality of a summary by giving weights to important parts of the source text during training. We evaluated the performance with regard to semantic coherence of our MAPCoL model over a popular dataset named CNN/Daily Mail, and found that MAPCoL outperformed other traditional LSTM-based models. We found improvements in the performance of MAPCoL in different internal settings when compared to state-of-the-art models of abstractive text summarization.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.192-203
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• 2021

This paper investigates the process of change in the meaning of the term gongye (工藝) (nowadays it means craft) during Korea's transition to the modern era. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄) will serve as the basis for the examination of pre-modern usage, and the Korea-United States Treaty of 1882 for the changes that occurred between the translation from Chinese and from Japanese following the opening of the port . After the port opened, the meaning of gongye, which once broadly referred to the wide range of work of people from different fields, was narrowed down to singularly represent the manufacturing industry. Following the example of Japan, the first East Asian country to succeed in modernization, this new meaning of gongye was generally used in the context of embracing Western culture and creating industry. As industrialization emerged as a national mission, and new terminology was needed to express these new concepts, the Chinese characters used by the Japanese to translate Western concepts were directly imported and used without making any changes. Gongye was similar in meaning to gongeop (工業) (nowadays it means industry) at the time, and the two terms were used interchangeably. However, following the Japanese annexation of Korea, the cultural administration of the Governor-General imbued the term with artistic concepts, and gongye was differentiated from gongeop, As such, examining the establishment of terminology and concepts can be helpful for understanding the contradictions and problems of the Korean crafts scene, which were derived from a period in the past called the modern era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.2 s.80
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

The terminological definition of 'safety' is difficult because the word has an meaning and the usage is too wide and various in itself. There could be various meanings of 'safety' according to the specific area on which the term is used. Even though the variety is permitted, a definition on the term of 'safety' is necessary not only to raise the understanding of consistent terminological meaning but also to make assure the perfectness on all of the applications. The term of 'safety' can be understood clearly by the comparison with the antonym and the synonym, and the limitation of the usage can be established through the comparative studies. Comparing with the antonym such as 'risk', 'safety' implies the recognition and prevention of the danger before an accident or a disaster occurs. Comparing with another antonym of 'disaster', 'safety' comprehends all the saving activities for the disaster and the measures to prevent the spread of collateral damages. The comparison with the synonym, 'security' shows that 'safety' can include the prevention of intentional mishaps. The Korean word of 'safety' might be selected by a scholar who was well educated to understand Chinese language and certain canonical texts written in Chinese. The etymological study of 'safety' was concentrated on I-ching which has been believed that could foretell a future and show a measure to prevent bad luck by performing good virtue in the life. The Korean word of 'safety' might come from Xicizhuan(Great treatise) which is known as one of ten commentaries for I-ching. The texts from Xicizhuan describes that all of the explanations about safety which could be translated to the principles of safety nowadays.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-61
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• 2017

Said's Orientalism criticized the European representations on the Middle-East by theorizing orientalism as a discourse. In this text, he explored and criticized the colonial forms of knowledge and language that distorted the image of the colonized. The justification of the discourse of orientalism is derived from the binary system that is originated from Plato which Derrida rejects on the ground that it always privileges one term over the other, that is, colonizer over colonized. Derrida names for this traditional heritage of Western binary system logocentrism which regards logos(the Greek term for speech or reason) as the central principle of language and philosophy, whereas mythos derives its meaning from the logos on the basis of binary oppositions. Thus according to logocentrism, the colonized is merely the defined who can have its meaning from the definers, colonizers. In this paper, utilizing Derrida's a (non)concept called supplement which means both to add on as a surplus and to make up something missing as a mere extra, I propose another alternative interpretation towards the critique of colonial representation by raising internal contradictions in the Platonic dichotomy between logos and mythos embedded in western colonialism discourse, orientalism. I attempt to show that logos(colonizer) and mythos(colonized) is inseparable in itself due to the fact that they exist as supplementary. For this purpose, I demonstrate how colonial binary system constituted and was constituted in terms of language. Through this paper I reinterpret the colonial rationality of privileging 'logos' over 'mythos' by substituting the colonial binary system with the supplement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.140-150
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• 2007

The study aimed to classify the synonyms of clothing terms, such as equal relationship, connoting relationship and partial relationship. The subjects of the study are eleven Chinese character study books such as <石峰千字文 Seokbongcheonjamun> <丙子本千字文 Byeongjacheonjamun>, <註解千字文 Juhaecheonjamun>, <訓蒙字會 Hungmongjahoi>, <新增類合 Sinjeungyuhap>, <兒學編 Aahakpyeon(1816) (1908)>, <蒙喩編 Mongyupyeon>, <字類註釋 Jalyujuseok>, <正蒙類語 Joengmongyueo> and <通學徑編 Tonghakgyeongpyeon>, seven foreign language study books such as <譯語類解 Yeokeoyuhae>, <譯語類解補編 Yeokeoyuhae-supplementary book>, <同文類解 Dongnunyuhae>, <蒙語類解 Mongeoyuhae>, <蒙語類解補編 Mongeoyuhae-supplementary book>, <倭語類解 Oaeeoyuhae> and <方言類釋 Bangeonyuseok>, and some vocabulary books <才物譜 Jaemulbo>, <廣才物譜 Kwangjaemulbo>, <物譜 Mulbo>, <物名攷 Mulmyeongko>, and <事類博解 Salyupakhae>. There are two kinds of synonyms with equal relationship that are spelled as more than two names for the same clothing. The first group was names that have different vocabularies for the same Chinese character headword, for example, Gyeokji and Namosin, Jeoguriot and Dongdolssi, Deungjige and Got dongot, Daloi and Nangja, Jitbidan and Oaedan, jusa and jeuusya, jusa and Murui, Muja and Heoja, and so on. The second group was names that are spelled with sound and meaning of Chinese character, for example, Nuyeok and Saui, Binhyeo and Jam, Mosi and Jyeopo, and so on. Also synonyms of Chinese names were found in equal relationship. Synonyms with connoting relationship in which one name perfectly connotes meaning of another name are Gotgal and Susik, Danryeong and Gwandae, Bosyeon and Chyeong, ete. In these cases, the range of the meaning of clothing terms can be confirmed since names with broad meaning connote names with narrow meaning. There are differences in use and form. In partial relationship synonym with the same name, some synonyms like Baji and Goui, and jeoksam and Hansam have difference in use, while Gamto, Got and Sarno, Neolku and Satgat, and Nangja and Cheopji have difference in form. These presented differences among similar names.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.48-55
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• 2010

Marcel Wanders, one of the greatest designers in the world of contemporary design, was born in the Netherlands. His works run the gamut from interior design to furniture design to lighting design, building a unique world of works. He started to gain fame when he presented "Knotted Chair" at Droog Design in 1996, which was made out of aramid ropes and later became his symbol. In 2000, he established "moooi," a world-renowned design label. By giving characteristic qualities, his works are given meaning, and like a fantastical dream, their images are extremely fantastical and stimulating. As can be seen in his character cover, he puts emphasis on the harmony between minimalism and decoration, establishing his own unique design concept. In this thesis, based on Marcel Wander's design philosophy, his overall design characteristics were classified into theatrical effects and storytelling. Expressive elements depaysement, eclectic mixture, and scale modification were derived from theatrical effects and analyzed; for storytelling, object, semantic cues, and dream and fantasy were derived and analyzed. A distinguishing feature of such analysis is his meaning-centric design approach, the principle by which to form long-term relationships with the users by creating user-centric designs that make them find meaning and values in diverse experiences in their daily routine, giving them familiar yet unique experience.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-13
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• 2010

In this article, the concept of body fluid is explained in three aspects: the word meaning of body fluid, the origins of the definitions of the body fluid concept and the connotation and extension of body fluid. Investigating data about the time Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經) was written, the author discovers that the meaning of "Aek(液)" is clear, but there are still questions about the meaning of "Jin(津)". The concept of body fluid derived from observation of life phenomenon and ancient philosophy on the "water". The concept of body fluid should be expressed as that body fluid is a general term for all normal liquids in the body. Within the meridians, as the composition of blood components; outside the meridians, constituting the intrinsic body fluids of various organs and tissues. This is the main part of body fluid, coming from diet, constituting the human body and maintaining human life activities, playing the roles of moistening and nourishing various of organs and tissues of the body. In addition, Interstitial fluid, all kinds of normal liquid secretion and metabolic products, such as sweat, tears, nasal discharge, saliva, slobber, gastric juice, intestinal fluid, urine, joint fluid, latex and so on, both belong to body fluid.