• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1982

The author has studied on the clinical features and symptomatology of 97 MPDS patients, who visited the Dept. of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, from January to September in 1982. The results were as follow : In age and sex distribution of patients in this population, the third decades appeared to have the highest prevalence and the male to female ratio was almost 1 to 2.23. As to occupation, students and housewives were revealed to have the highest incidence of MPDS. The chief complaints of patients were pains, TMJ noises, and limitation of mouth opening in order of frequency, and the most prevalent site of symptom was that of preauricular area. In symptom sequence, the majority of initial symptoms were TMJ noise and pain but limitation of mandibular movement was progressively developed, regardless of nature of early symptoms. Chronic unfavorable oral habits were found to be the most possible predisposing factors in this study. The average maximum interincisal distance was $38.13\pm10.00mm$ in males and $30.73\pm8.75mm$ in females, and a deviation of mandible during mouth opening was observed in 60.8% of patients. In TMJ signs, tenderness of the TMJ to palpation was found in 60.8% of patients and TMJ noise was audible in 50.5% of patients with a stethoscope. The muscles of masticatory system were palpated according to usual methods, and a significant indidence of muscular tenderness was present, with the lateral pteygoid muscles being most frequently involved, followed by masseter, medical pterygoid and temporalis muscles.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate acupoints and muscles used for cosmetic acupuncture. We want most clinicians practicing cosmetic acupuncture to understand theoretical background well and to treat cosmetic diseases more diversely by this paper. Methods : We collected useful informations from some books and websites about cosmetic acupuncture and thus could select major acupoints and muscles. Conculsions : The most frequently used acupoints for cosmetic acupoints are as follows ; LI20, ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST8, SI18, SI19, BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4, TE17, TE18, TE19, TE20, TE21, TE22, TE23, GB1, GB2, GB3, GB4, GB5, GB6, GB7, GB8, GB13, GB14, GV20, GV21, GV22, GV23, GV24, GV25, GV26 and CV24. And head and neck muscles including SCM muscle, plastyma, frontalis, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, auricularis, temporalis, masseter, pterygoid, zygomaticus and risorius can be used for cosmetic acupuncture. Most acupoints and muscles are located in face and head, which seemed to be concerned with formation of face wrinkles.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of occlusal stabilization splint on the clinical symptoms and the condylar movement in patients with Temporomandibular Disorders(TMD). For the study, 15 TMD patients treated with stabilization splint and followed up were selected. The age of them was from 18 to 65 years and the mean period of treatment was 2.9 months. The author examined signs and symptoms of TMD according to Dr. Friction's evaluation from and recorded the condylar paths with Denar pantronic before and after splint therapy. The obtained results were as follows : 1. On the first visit, 11 patients(73.3%) showed muscle tenderness on palpation and the frequency was lateral pterygoid, masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis, sternocleidomastoideus in the order named. 2. Occlusal stabilization splint was more effective in pain relief(100%) than in other dysfunction improvement(85.7%) 3. The amount of maximum opening increased from 37.1㎜ to 42.2㎜, but those of protrusion and laterotrusion changed little. 4. Pan. PRI scores decreased from 32.9 to 21.8, which meant improved reproducibility of mandibular border movements, and the group with sever dysfunction category showed more decrease in score than the group with moderate or slight dysfunction category.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2010

본 연구는 단기간의 인공소음과 음악 청취에 대한 저작근의 반응을 조사하였다. 연구의 가설은 높은 소음은 작은 소음이나 음악에 비하여 저작근의 경도는 높이고 탄성도는 감소시킨다는 것이다. 15명의 지원자에게 60 dB 과 100 dB 의 소음과 음악을 각각 6분씩 들려주고 청취 전과, 청취 2분후, 4분후, 6분후에 tactile sensor system을 이용하여 교근과 측두근의 경도 및 탄성도를 조사하였다. 첫째날은 100 dB의 소음, 둘째날은 100 dB 의 음악, 셋째날은 60 dB 의 소음, 넷째날은 60 dB 의 음악을 청취한 후 조사하였다. 실험 결과, 60 dB, 100 dB 모두에서 소음과 음악 청취군 간에는 유의성 있는 차이가 대부분 없었으며, 60 dB, 100 dB군간의 비교에서 측두근에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 교근의 경우, 음악군에서는 탄성도에서, 소음군에서는 경도에서 유의한 차이를 보여주었다. 이는 소음의 종류에 관계없이 비록 음악이고 단기간의 청취일지라도 큰 소음인 경우에는 저작근의 수축을 야기할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2012

이갈이는 이를 갈거나 악무는 것을 포함하는 부기능적인 행위를 말하며 광범위하게는 주간 및 야간에 나타나는 것을 모두 포함한다. 이갈이의 원인으로는 기본적으로 말초성 요인과 중추성 요인으로 나누어 살펴볼 수 있는데 현재까지의 연구 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 중추성 요인이 주로 작용하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 이갈이는 교모, 치경부 미세파절, 교근 비대, 교근 및 측두근의 통증, 턱관절의 통증 및 움직임의 제한, 치아 및 수복물 파절, 치수염, 외상성 교합 등을 유발 할 수 있고 특히 이악물기의 경우 협점막 압흔이나 협점막 백선 또는, 혀의 측면에 압흔 등을 유발한다. 이갈이의 정확한 진단을 위해 구강내 장치, 근전도, 수면다원검사 등을 이용하며 미국수면장애학회의 경우 이갈이의 임상 진단 기준을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 이갈이의 명확한 원인이 밝혀져 있지 않기 때문에 치료법의 선택은 신중하여야 한다. 이갈이가 중등도 이상이고 임상 증상이나 징후를 유발하는 경우에 이갈이를 관리하기 위한 방법으로는 위험 요인의 조절, 구강내 장치, 보툴리눔 독소 주사, 약물 치료, 바이오피드백 등이 있으며 구강내 장치 요법이 현재로서 가장 합리적인 방법이다. 이갈이 치료와 교근비대에 대한 심미적인 개선을 같이 원하는 환자에서는 보툴리눔 독소 주사 요법이 이용될 수 있다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 T-Scan system과 근전도를 이용하여 정상교합자와 과개교합자의 최대교합력과 근활성도간의 상관관계를 조사하기 위함이다. 연구대상은 두 집단으로 구성 되었다. 한 집단은 20명의 정상교합자이고 다른 집단은 30명의 과개교합자이다. 과개교합자는 Class I deepbite(9명의 남자와 7명의 여자)와 Class II div. 1 deepbite(8명의 남자와 6명의 여자)로 구성되었다. 이 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 최대교합력은 정상교합군에서 155.93 N, I급 과개교합군에서 165.11 N, II 1류 과개교합군에선 111.55 N이었으며, II급 1류 과개교합군의 최대교합력은 정상교합군에 비해 유의성 있게 낮았다(P<0.01). 2. 정상교합군과 과개교합군 모두에서 치야접촉점이 증가할수록 교합력은 증가하였다(표 3). 3. 최대교합시 II급 1류 과개교합군의 교근 및 전측두근의 근활성도는 전상교합군에 비해 현저히 낮았고(P<0.01),모든 군에서 교근의 활성도가 전측두근보다 높았다(P<0.05). 4. 모든 군에서 교합력과 근활성도, 치아접촉점의 수와 근활성도는 높은 상관관계를 보였다(표 5).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2007

본 연구는 교근비대의 중요한 기여요인으로 간주되는 이갈이의 영향을 평가하기 위해 이갈이 습관의 유무에 따른 BTX-A 주사후의 임상적 변화를 조사하였다. 실험을 위해 양측성 교근비대를 가진 지원자 중, 야간 이갈이 습관을 가지고 있는 지원자 5명과 이갈이 습관이 없는 지원자 5명을 선택하여 BTX-A(Allergen Inc., $Botox^{(R)}$)를 25 unit씩을 양측 교근에 각각 주사하였다. BTX-A의 교근주사 후에 나타나는 변화를 평가하기 위하여 주사 전과 주사 후 2주, 4주, 8주, 3개월, 6개월 9개월에 각각 검사를 시행하여 초음파를 이용한 전측두근과 교근의 두께 측정, 전치부와 구치부의 최대교합력 측정, 교합력의 변화에 대한 주관적 평가를 비교하였다. 교근에 BTX-A를 주사한 후에 이갈이군과 비이갈이군 모두 초음파검사에서 교근의 두께가 감소되어 3개월 정도에 가장 현저한 위축 소견을 보였으며 이후 점차 회복되어가는 양상을 보였다(p<0.001). 비이갈이군과 비교하였을 때 이갈이군에서 교근두께의 회복이 더 현저하였으나, 주사 후 9개월에도 치료전과 비교했을 때는 여전히 근위축이 관찰되었다. 구치부 최대교합력도 교근두께 변화와 유사한 양상을 보였다. 전측두근과 전치부 최대 교합력은 주사 후 시간경과에 따른 변화를 보여 주지 않았다(p>0.05). 피검자가 스스로 느끼는 교합력은 주사 2주 후에 가장 저하되었다가 점차 빠르게 회복되어 6개월에서 9개월 사이 이전의 상태로 회복한 반면 교합력측 정기로 측정한 구치부 최대교합력의 상대적 변화는 최대교합력이 원래의 상태로 회복되지 못했음을 보여주었다. BTX-A 주사로 인한 상대적인 구치부 최대교합력의 저하는 비이갈이군에서 더욱 현저하게 관찰되었다. 이 실험의 결과는 이갈이는 BTX-A 주사 후에 발생한 교근 위축과 교합력 감소가 원상태로 회복되는 과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여준다. 그러므로 이갈이 등의 이상기능 습관을 가진 교근비대 환자의 BTX-A 주사효과를 보다 오래 유지하기 위해서 주사와 함께 습관조절을 위한 교합장치의 사용을 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.327-339
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• 1997

This study aimed at evaluating tile relationship between pressure pain threshold(PPT) and electromyographic(EMG) activity in 30 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with temporomandibular disorders. PPTs were determined with electric pressure algometry over masseter, temporalis anterior, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius muscle during resting and clenching. To obtain more reliable result, two examiners measured PPTs two times on each muscles, randomly. Resting and clenching EMG activity and tenderness of all muscles were measured to evaluate the relationship with PPTs. The collected data were processed by SAS/STAT program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Pressure pain thresholds in tendered muscles were lower than those in non-tendered muscles. This tendency was more prominant in masticatory muscles than in cervical muscles and in clenching than in resting. 2. There ware a tendency of higher PPTs in unaffected side than in affected side, but there were no significant difference statistically. 3. There wert no difference of PPTs between in preferred side and in ipsilateral side, significantly. 4. There was a significantly positive correlation between resting and clenching PPTs, but there were no correlation between PPTs and EMG activities. 5. Comparison of EMG activity between in higher group and in lower group by resting PPTs didn't show any significant difference. But resting EMG activity in the higher group of clenching PPTs were lower, on the contrary, clenching activity were higher than those in lower groups of clenching PPTs. From this results, the author concluded that the clenching PPTs was more important than resting PPTs in diagnosis of muscle dysfunction. And the author recommanded that all of three following test were performed for the proper diagnosis and treatment of orofacial Pain : muscle tenderness, EMG activity, and PPT.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.293-304
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the peak electromyographic activity(EMG) and time intervals in firing sequence of Anterior temporalis(TA) and Masseter(MM) on clenching, the number of tender points in the head and neck muscles, the occlusal contact state on clenching, and their relationship. 78 patients with Temporomandibular Disorders(TMDs) participated and were classified into articular or muscular group by clinical signs and symptoms. BioEMG$\textregistered$ of integrated masticatory function analyzer, Biopak$\textregistered$ system(Bioresearch Inc., USA), was used to measure EMG and related items, and T- Scan$\textregistered$(Tekscan, USA), computerized occlusal analyser, was used to record occlusal contact state on maximum voluntary clenching. EMG and occlusal contact were synchronously recorded and analysed with SAS Statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In total subjects, EMG of TA was lower than that of MM in articular group but in muscular group, vice versa, As a result, the ratio TA to MM was significantly different between the two groups. no significant differece. 3. The number and force of occlusal contact were more in articular group, but there was no significant difference in Total Left-Right statistics(TLR) between the two groups. 4. In unilaterally affected subjects for muscle function, no significant difference was observed between the affected side and the contralateral side in articular group, but in muscular group, the item of the number of tender points showed significant difference. However, for occlusal contact items, contact force in articular group shows significant difference between the two sides. 5. Rate of coincidence of the first firing side of TA with affected side or preferred chewing side was higher and not different between the two groups, but no significant correlation was showed between the first firing side and the first occlusal contact side.