• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2009

Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) is a new bio-imaging modality providing cross-sectional conductivity images from measurements of internal magnetic flux densities produced by externally injected currents. Recent MREIT studies demonstrated successful conductivity image reconstructions of postmortem and in vivo canine brain. However, the whole head imaging was not achieved due to technical issues related with electrodes and noise in measured magnetic flux density data. In this study, we used a new carbon-hydrogel electrode with a large contact area and injected 30 mA imaging current through a canine head. Using a 3T MREIT system, we performed a postmortem canine experiment and produced high-resolution conductivity images of the entire canine head. Collecting magnetic flux density data inside the head subject to multiple injection currents, we reconstructed cross-sectional conductivity images using the harmonic $B_z$ algorithm. The conductivity images of the canine head show a good contrast not only inside the brain region including white and gray matter but also outside the brain region including the skull, temporalis muscle, mandible, lingualis proprius muscle, and masseter muscle.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.327-339
• /
• 1997

This study aimed at evaluating tile relationship between pressure pain threshold(PPT) and electromyographic(EMG) activity in 30 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with temporomandibular disorders. PPTs were determined with electric pressure algometry over masseter, temporalis anterior, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius muscle during resting and clenching. To obtain more reliable result, two examiners measured PPTs two times on each muscles, randomly. Resting and clenching EMG activity and tenderness of all muscles were measured to evaluate the relationship with PPTs. The collected data were processed by SAS/STAT program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Pressure pain thresholds in tendered muscles were lower than those in non-tendered muscles. This tendency was more prominant in masticatory muscles than in cervical muscles and in clenching than in resting. 2. There ware a tendency of higher PPTs in unaffected side than in affected side, but there were no significant difference statistically. 3. There wert no difference of PPTs between in preferred side and in ipsilateral side, significantly. 4. There was a significantly positive correlation between resting and clenching PPTs, but there were no correlation between PPTs and EMG activities. 5. Comparison of EMG activity between in higher group and in lower group by resting PPTs didn't show any significant difference. But resting EMG activity in the higher group of clenching PPTs were lower, on the contrary, clenching activity were higher than those in lower groups of clenching PPTs. From this results, the author concluded that the clenching PPTs was more important than resting PPTs in diagnosis of muscle dysfunction. And the author recommanded that all of three following test were performed for the proper diagnosis and treatment of orofacial Pain : muscle tenderness, EMG activity, and PPT.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2005

Objectives : This study is performed to understand the interrelation between 'Foot soyang muscle of the Gall bladder channel' and 'muscular system' on the basis of the link between meridian muscle theory and myofascial pain syndrome. Methods : We have researched some of oriental medical books about meridian muscle theory and western medical books about anatomical muscular system. Results & Conclusion : 1. Myofascial pain syndrome is the medical treatment which finds the start point of the pain in fascia and then treats it on the basis of object and concrete anatomical theory, so its application is needed for objectification of the oriental medicine. 2. There is a wide difference between myofascial pain syndrome and meridian muscle theory in that the former explains each muscle individually, while the latter classifies muscles systematically in the view of organism. 3. Foot soyang muscle contains Dorsal interosseous m, Extensor digitorum longus m, Musculus peroneus brevis, longus and, tertius, lliotibial tract, Vastus lateralis m, Gluteus m, Aximus m, Piriformis m, Tensor fasciae latae m, Gluteus minimus m, Obliquus internus & externus abdominis m, External & Internal intercostal m, Serratus anterior m, Pectoralis major m, Sternocleidomastoid m, Auricularis posterior m, Temporalis m, Masseter m, Orbicularis oculi m etc. on the basis of function and the nature of a disease reflected in muscle. 4. Foot soyang muscle keeps the balance of left md right of the body on the outside, while the Gall bladder keeps the balance of the JangBuKiHyeul(臟腑氣血) on the inside.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.171-183
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between tensed mandibular positions, muscle tenderness and EMG activity, respectively, and between range of motion of the neck and sternocleidomastoid muscle tenderness. Under stressful conditions, most of people take several types of behavioral patterns. Two of them observed frequently are clenching of teeth and grasping of fist. Prolonged clenching or grasping should increase electromyographic activity of associated muscle, especially muscles of mastication and neck muscles and will cause hyperfunction, dysfunction and muscle pain. So it is necessary to relate EMG activity with muscle pain. The author performed routine clinical examination in 47 patients with Temporomandibular Disorders, especially for presence or absence of muscle tenderness. Mandibular rest position was used as a baseline reference position and two more position in which EMG activity was taken were rest postion with grasping of fist and teeth clenching position. BioEMG of Biopak system (Bioresearch Inc, USA) was used for measuring of integrated EMG in masseter, anterior temporalis, anterior belly of digastic muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle. To measure of the range of neck motion. CROM(Cervical-Range-of Motion, USA) was used. The obtained results were as follows : 1. EMG activity of all muscles except in masseter was higher in grasping of fist than those in rest position and there were significant correlation in EMG activity between the two position except in anterior belly of digastric muscle. 2. When comparing EMG activity between tender and non-tender muscle, all examined muscles did not show any significant difference. From this data, we could conclude that EMG activity was generally not changed with tenderness, of couse, it might be dependent with degree of muscle tenderness. 3. Number of tender points in examined muscles was also not significantly different between in patients with masticatory muscle disorders and in patients with internal derangement. 4. Cervical posture and range of motion of the neck was not differed significantly between in patients with and in patients without tenderness of sternocleidomastoid muscle.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 사지마비 장애인이 활용할 수 있는 동작을 이용하여 마우스, 키보드, 전동휠체어 제어 등에 적용 가능한 근전도 기반 입력 인터페이스 기술을 제안하였다. 먼저 사지마비 장애인이 활용 가능하면서도 데이터 획득 및 처리가 용이한 동작으로서 이 (치아) 물기 동작을 선택하였다. 또한 좌측, 우측 및 양측 이 물기 동작 및 이 물기 시간의 조절을 통해 사지마비 장애인의 경우에도 몇 가지 명령어 수행이 가능하다. 이때, 이 물기 동작의 인식은 관자놀이 부근에 위치한 관자근에서의 근전도 (electromyogram) 신호를 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 데이터를 획득하여 전송하고 처리하기 위한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어, 그리고 전동휠체어 제어, 마우스 제어, 게임 제어를 위한 시범 시스템도 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 시범 시스템을 사지마비 장애인에게 적용하여 그 효용성을 평가하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.293-304
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the peak electromyographic activity(EMG) and time intervals in firing sequence of Anterior temporalis(TA) and Masseter(MM) on clenching, the number of tender points in the head and neck muscles, the occlusal contact state on clenching, and their relationship. 78 patients with Temporomandibular Disorders(TMDs) participated and were classified into articular or muscular group by clinical signs and symptoms. BioEMG$\textregistered$ of integrated masticatory function analyzer, Biopak$\textregistered$ system(Bioresearch Inc., USA), was used to measure EMG and related items, and T- Scan$\textregistered$(Tekscan, USA), computerized occlusal analyser, was used to record occlusal contact state on maximum voluntary clenching. EMG and occlusal contact were synchronously recorded and analysed with SAS Statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In total subjects, EMG of TA was lower than that of MM in articular group but in muscular group, vice versa, As a result, the ratio TA to MM was significantly different between the two groups. no significant differece. 3. The number and force of occlusal contact were more in articular group, but there was no significant difference in Total Left-Right statistics(TLR) between the two groups. 4. In unilaterally affected subjects for muscle function, no significant difference was observed between the affected side and the contralateral side in articular group, but in muscular group, the item of the number of tender points showed significant difference. However, for occlusal contact items, contact force in articular group shows significant difference between the two sides. 5. Rate of coincidence of the first firing side of TA with affected side or preferred chewing side was higher and not different between the two groups, but no significant correlation was showed between the first firing side and the first occlusal contact side.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2001

Thermography는 신체 체표면에서 발생되는 온도를 정량화하는 다양한 방법에 대한 일반적인 표현이다. Electrothermography는 의학분야에서 사용이 증가되고 있는 술식이다. 인체를 포함한 모든 물체는 적외선을 방출한다. 그래서, Wien의 법칙에 따르면, 방출되는 최대에너지에서의 주파수는 체온에 의존한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 피부 표면에서 방출되는 적외선을 측정하는 것에 의해 온도가 측정될 수 있다. 최근에는, electrothermography가 만성 구강안면동통 환자의 진단에 있어서 새로운 진단 기기로서 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 측두하악관절장애의 증상이 있는 교근, 측두근, 그리고 측두하악관절의 발통점의 피부 온도와 증상이 없는 대측의 피부 온도를 디지틀 적외선 체열 촬영으로 비교하고자 하였다. 측두하악관절장애를 주소로 하고 편측성의 구강안면동통을 호소하는 21명의 내원환자를 선택하였다. 디지틀적외선 체열촬영은 DTI-16-DOREX21(Dorex Inc., U.S.A) 기기를 사용하였다. 발통점 피부에 marker를 부착하고, 좌측과 우측의 color thermogram을 $0.1^{\circ}C$ 해상도로 측정하였다. 본 실험에서 측정한 발통점은 masseter inferior, masseter anterior, temporalis anterior 그리고 TMJ이었다. 증상이 있는 부위와 증상이 없는 대측의 피부온도 차이를 알아보기 위해 paired t-test를 사용하였으며, 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 급성 근육장애 환자에 있어서는 증상이 있는 부위와 증상이 없는 대측과의 피부온도 차이가 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.0075). 2. 만성 근육장애 환자에 있어서는 증상이 있는 부위와 증상이 없는 대측과의 피부온도 차이가 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 3. 측두하악관절 내장증 환자에 있어서는 증상이 있는 부위와 증상이 없는 대측과의 피부온도 차이가 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 결론적으로 적외선 체열촬영은 급성저작근장애의 진단에 있어서 유용한 진단방법의 한가지로 사료되며, 앞으로 임상적으로 더욱더 심화된 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.189-206
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2011

최근 저작, 개구장애, 두경부의 동통 및 관절 잡음을 나타내는 턱관절 기능장애 환자가 점차 증가 추세에 있다. 그러나 대부분의 치료가 기간대비효과 및 지속성이 떨어지는 단점을 가지고 있다. 또한, 고비용과 장기간의 치료와 구강 장착물의 이물감으로 인한 불편감 등으로 좋은 치료법으로 선호되기 힘든 상황이다. 테이핑 치료방법은 시행하기가 비교적 간단하고 부작용이 없어 안정성이 높으면서도 치료효과가 탁월하다. 본 연구에서는 최근 비교적 쉽게 환자를 치료하고, 치료에 따른 부작용 없는 테이핑 요법 중 Spiral Taping법을 이용하여 턱관절의 통증과 관절가동범위의 제한을 일으키는 근육에 비신축성 테이프를 적용하여 측두하악장애의 효율적인 치료의 기본적인 방향을 설정하여 구체적인 치료방법과 치료절차에 대해 알아보고자 하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.389-423
• /
• 1998

This investigation was designed to determine the effectiveness of the posterior occlusal schemes on masticatory activity during mastication in complete denture. Twelve edentulous subjects were selected for this study. All subjects had no past history and no functional abnormality on masticatory system and TMjoint. And, they had residual ridge of favorable morphology, firm mucosa and Class I skeletal jaw relationship, Twelve experimental denture with interchangeable occlusions(0-degree teeth, 30-degree teeth, Levin teeth and S-A teeth) were constructed for this study. The masticatory performance was analyzed by means of standard sieve(10, 16, 20, 30sieve), and the electrical activity from selected muscles(Temporalis and Masseter muscle) was recorded simultaneously with electromyography (Bio-Pak system) as the subject masticated test foods (rice, peanut and gum) with four different occlusal schemes. Mandibular movement was, also, measured with Sirognathography(Bio-Pak system). These recordings were performed in immediately, after 1 week and after 2 weeks of insertion of complete denture. The results were as fellows; 1. The average masticatory performance of 0-degree artificial teeth was higher than any other artificial teeth. 2. Masticatory performance in denture wearer was affected preferentially by food and artificial occlusal schemes. 3. During chewing, there was a statistical difference of EMG activity between masseter and temporal muscle(p<0.01). Especially, EMG activity of working masticatory muscle was highly affected by food rather than by artificial occlusal schemes. 4. In denture wearer, the velocity of opening was not affected by food, whereas, the velocity of closing was faster in soft food chewing than in hard food chewing, and the amount of vertical displacement was grater in chewing of soft and large bolus than in chewing of hard and small bolus. However, the amount of lateral displacement showed conversely(p<0.05). 5. It was considered that masticatory performance in denture wearer is not affected by the condition of residual ridge. the history of denture wear, the preference, the adaptation to artificial teeth and the total mesiodistal length of artificial posterior teeth.