• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.270-277
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• 2003

Thermal performance of flip chip bonding with Sn-3.5Ag solder ball was studied. The temperature distribution was measured with IR(InfraRed) camera of 25 urn resolution. The measurement shows that most of the samples had much higher maximum temperature than average temperature. With central heater and 2.5 (W), the difference between maximum and average temperature is over $80^{\circ}C$. The distribution was influenced by the location of heater, the distance from heater to flip chip bonding, and the passivation opening of solder bumps. To reduce the maximum temperature, the bigger passivation opening, the smaller chip size, and the closer location of heater to flip chip bumps are preferrable.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.32-35
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• 2012

The objective of the present work is to develop a precise instrument for measuring the thermal property of insulating material over a temperature range from 30 K to near room temperature by utilizing a cryocooler. The instrument consists of two thermal links, a test sample, heat sink, heat source and vacuum vessel. The cold head of the cryocooler as a heat sink is thermally anchored to the thermal link and used to bring the apparatus to a desired temperature in a vacuum chamber. An electric heater as a heat source is placed in the middle of test sample for generating uniform heat flux. The entire apparatus is covered by thermal shields and wrapped in multi-layer insulation to minimize thermal radiation in a vacuum chamber. For a supplied heat flux the temperature distribution in the insulating material is measured in steady and transient state. The thermal conductivity of insulating material is measured from temperature difference for a given heat flux. In addition, the specific heat of insulating material is obtained by solving one-dimensional heat diffusion equation.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2004

Through shallow trench isolation (STI) chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) tests, we investigated the dependence of pad surface temperature on the abrasive and additive concentrations in ceria slurry under varying pressure using blanket film wafers. The pad surface temperature after CMP increased with the abrasive concentration and decreased with the additive concentration in slurries for the constant down pressure. A possible mechanism is that the additive adsorbed on the film surfaces during polishing decreases the friction coefficient, hence the pad surface temperature gets lower with increasing the additive concentration. This difference in temperature was more remarkable for the higher concentration of abrasives. In addition, in-situ measurement of spindle motor was carried out during oxide and nitride polishing. The averaged motor current for oxide film was higher than that for nitride film, meaning the higher friction coefficient.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

A new silicon micro flow sensor with multiple temperature sensing elements was proposed and fabricated in considering wide range flow velocity measuring device. Thermal mass flow sensor measures the asymmetry of temperature profile around the heater which is modulated by the fluid flow. A micro mass flow sensor was normally composed of a central heater and a pair of temperature sensing elements around it. A new 2-D wide range micro flow sensor structure with three pairs of temperature sensing elements and a central heater was proposed and numerically simulated by Finite Difference Formulation to confirm the feasibility of the wide flow range sensor structure. To confirm the simulation result, the new flow sensor was fabricated on silicon substrate and the basic flow sensing properties of the sensor were measured.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.864-867
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• 2006

Thermal infrared images of Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ sensors have been unrivalled sources of high resolution thermal remote sensing (60m for ETM+, 120m for TM) for more than two decades. Atmospheric effect that degrades the accuracy of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) measurement significantly, however, can not be corrected as the sensors have only one thermal channel. Recently, MODIS sensor onboard Terra satellite is equipped with dual-thermal channels (31 and 32) of which the difference of at-satellite brightness temperature can provide atmospheric correction with 1km resolution. In this study we corrected the atmospheric effect of Landsat SST by using MODIS data obtained almost simultaneously. As a case study, we produced the Landsat SST near the eastern and western coast of Korea. Then we have obtained Terra/MODIS image of the same area taken approximately 30 minutes later. Atmospheric correction term was calculated by the difference between the MODIS SST (Level 2) and the SST calculated from a single channel (31 of Level 1B). This term with 1km resolution was used for Landsat SST atmospheric correction. Comparison of in situ SST measurements and the corrected Landsat SSTs has shown a significant improvement in $R^2$ from 0.6229 to 0.7779. It is shown that the combination of the high resolution Landsat SST and the Terra/MODIS atmospheric correction can be a routine data production scheme for the thermal remote sensing of ocean.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2020

In this study, an edge device that monitors the injection molding process by measuring the mold vibration(acceleration) signal and the mold surface temperature was developed and evaluated its performance. During injection molding, signals of the injection start, V/P switchover, and packing end sections were obtained through the measurement of the mold vibration and the injection time and packing time were calculated by using the difference between the times of the sections. Then, the mold closed and mold open signals were obtained using a magnetic hall sensor, and cycle time was calculated by using the time difference between the mold closed time each process. As a result of evaluating the performance by comparing the process data monitored by the edge device with the shot data recorded on the injection molding machine, the cycle time, injection time, and packing time showed very small error of 0.70±0.38%, 1.40±1.17%, and 0.69±0.82%, respectively, and the values close to the actual were monitored and the accuracy and reliability of the edge device were confirmed. In addition, it was confirmed that the mold surface temperature measured by the edge device was similar to the actual mold surface temperature.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.665-672
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and the effects of near infrared lighted garments on thermo-physiological responses in human body. Seven healthy adult men were recruited for this study. All subjects were informed the contents and purpose of this study. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber of $32^{\circ}C$, 60%RH with 'Rest', 'Exercise' and 'Recovery' period. The experimental garments consisted of briefs, undershirts(sleeveless), nightclothes, T-shirts, knee-trousers and socks. Subjects participated in two experiments, one was wearing near infrared lighted garments(NIR-O), the other was wearing regular garments(NIR-X). The order of experiment was randomized, and subjects wore experimental garments before 24 hours in order to benefit by near infrared light. Measurement items included rectal temperature ($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature ($\bar{T}_{sk}$), sweat rate, heart rate, oxygen uptake and subjective sensation. The results are as follows: As to the variation of rectal temperature and mean skin temperature, value of wearing NIR-X was higher than value of wearing NIR-O, indicating a significant level of difference (p<.001). Sweat rate under NIR-O and NIR-X condition were 575.35 g and 535.75 g, respectively. Heart rate value of NIR-X condition was higher than NIR-O. Oxygen uptake measured during experiment was the higher in NIR-X condition with significant difference (p<.001). In the subjective sensation, the value of NIR-O condition was higher than NIR-X condition without significantly difference.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1269-1281
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• 2016

This study evaporative cooling system a heat wave climate change and reduction of the inside and outside thermal environment change research. Measurement items included micro meteorological phenomena and measured comfort indices. A micro meteorograph of temperature, relative humidity, surface temperature, and the comfort indices of WBGT, UTCI, and PMV were measured. The difference in inside and outside temperatures were compared for different land types, with the largest difference found in Type A ($4.81^{\circ}C$), followed by Type B ($4.40^{\circ}C$) and Type C ($3.12^{\circ}C$). Relative humidity was about 10.43% higher inside due to water injection by the evaporative cooling system. Surface temperature was inside about $6.60^{\circ}C$ higher than the outside all types. WBGT were Type A ($3.50^{\circ}C$) > Type B ($2.71^{\circ}C$) > Type C ($1.88^{\circ}C$). UTCI was low heat stress inside than outside all types. PMV was analysed Type C for inside predicted percentage of dissatisfied 75%, other types was percentage of dissatisfied 100% by inside and outside. Correlation analysis between land cover type and temperature, surface temperature, pmv, utci. T-test analysed inside and outside temperature difference was significant in all types of land.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.190-195
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• 2008

The objective of this research is to determine overall heat transfer coefficients (K-value) of exterior wall, floor, and roof of Nakseonjae, a Korean traditional residence via field measurement of transient heat flow and temperature difference across each envelope component. Heat flow sensors and T-type thermocouple were attached on the internal and the external surface of each building component, and real-time measurement data were collected for the three consecutive summer days. The K-values determined in this research showed good agreement with other results from open literature. Peak and annual thermal loads of the traditional residence estimated by a commercial energy simulation program were compared with those for a current apartment house. The traditional house showed lower annual cooling load than that of the current building. It may caused by the fact that the traditional building has less air-tight envelopes and no fenestration passing direct solar radiation into the space.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

This study is to propose the basic data for deciding remodeling of wornout educational facilities. In order of it, the indoor environmental standard, the actual conditions of thermal environment and sound insulation of walls were examined through field measurement in the subjected open elementary school(J school) and modernization model of elementary school(Y school) which they are located in Seoul. As the result, standard for indoor environmental factors of educational facilities which is established by Ministry of Education is not subdivided into indoor environmental performances considering usages and characteristics of classrooms for comfortable indoor environment. The vertical temperature difference in general classroom and in open classroom showed to be $11.2^{\circ}C$ and $12.1^{\circ}C$ respectively, while indoor temperature of special classroon was, on the whole, higher than that of any other classroom due to its specific heat flux of wall materials. The sound insulation performance of the masonry brick wall of classroom satisfied the minimum standard of AIJ, Architectural Institute of Japan, in the open elementary school and the modernization model of elementary school. That is to say, the movable partition wall between the classroom and the corridor disturbed students in their class in the open school.