• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-53
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide basic data for policy of Oriental medicine by analyzing community residents' consciousness of taking herb medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from 1478 residents from March 2, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 52.3% of the subjects was 'female'; 25.0% 'fifties of age'; 21.4% 'forties of age'; 20.9% 'thirties of ages'; 69.1% 'married'; 60.1% 'resident in a big city'; 12.1% 'residents in a small town or village'; 39.0% 'highschool graduate'; 35.9% 'above college graduate'; 23.4% 'housewife'; 23.4% 'professional' 34.1% 'Buddhist'; 81.1% 'middle class'. 2. The rate of experience of taking herb medicine was 85.2%(88.2% of 'male'; 82.5% of 'female'). It appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'the married', 'housewife', and 'Buddhist'. As the age increased, so the rate of experience of taking herb medicine was significantly high. 3. In case of purpose of taking herb medicine, taking herb medicine as a restorative(66.8%) was much higher than taking it as a curative medicine. Taking herb medicine as a curative medicine appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'thirties of age', 'resident in a town or village', 'above college graduate', 'professional technician', 'Christian', and 'the upper class'. 4. 52.1% of the respondents satisfied with the effect of herb medicine. The groups of 'male', 'older age', 'residents in a big city', 'insurant in company', and 'the employed' showed significantly high rate in satisfying with herb medicine than the other groups. 5. According to the reason for preferring herb medicine, 36.7% of the respondents preferred herb medicine because the herb medicine was effective, while 27.8% preferred it because its side effect was low. 16.7% preferred it. because persons around them recommended it. The preference for the herb medicine displayed significantly higher rate in the groups 'sixties of age', 'the unmarried', 'resident in a big city', 'office clerk', and 'the lower class'. 6. 42.6% of the respondents did not want to take the herb medicine because the price of the herb medicine was high. Also 20.6% of the respondents did not want to take herb medicine because it is uneasy to take herb medicine. 15.8% did not want to take it because certain foods should not be taken during the period of taking it. 9.4% did not want to take it because it tasted bitter. 7. In case of opinions on side effects of herb medicine, 40.8% of the respondents thinks that herb medicine is free from side effects, while 37.5% thinks that it causes side effects. There were significant difference in the opinions on side effects by sex, age, marital status, resident area, education level, occupation, and type of health insurance. 8. 60.7% of the respondents thinks the price of herb medicine is not resonable, while only 10.9% thinks it is resonable. 9. 14.2% of the respondents thinks health foods which contain herbs are good, while 16.8% thinks it is bad. 76.7% thinks that medicinal herbs in packages must be included in health insurance coverage, while only 3.0% thinks it needs not be included in health insurance coverage. 10. 45.2% of the respondents uses packs of decocted herbs although they think the packs of decocted herb are a little low effective because decocting herbs in home is bothersome. 45.2% uses packs of decocted herbs because they are convenient, being not related to the effect. 7.6% takes medicinal herbs after decocting them in a clay pot because they think the packs of decocted herbs have low effect. 11. According to the level of satisfaction with Oriental medical care, the respondents marked $3.47{\pm}0.64$ points on the base of 5 points. It was significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'the married, resident in a big city', 'highschool graduate', 'the unemployed', 'office clerk', 'growing up in a big city', 'insurant in region', and 'the middle class'. 12. According to the result of a regression analysis of factors influencing preference for herb medicine, the factors displayed significant difference by sex, age, education level, health status, and times of receiving Oriental medical care. As shown in the above results, the community residents satisfy with the effect of herb medicine. Therefore, the method of taking herb medicine without difficulty must be devised. The medicinal herbs in packages need to be included in health insurance coverage and resonable price of herb medicine must be set. Also, education program for community residents must be developed in order to provide right information in herb medicine. Therefore, related public authority, associations, and professionals must make efforts, forming organic cooperative system.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.876-882
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• 2003

목 적 : Doxorubicin에 의한 심근손상에 대한 cardioxane의 심근 예방효과를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 몸무게 2.0-3.2 kg의 집토끼 20마리를 이용하였으며, 2마리는 광학 및 전자현미경 결과를 위한 대조 조직을 만드는데 이용되었고 나머지 18마리를 대상으로 group I은 doxorubicin을 단독 투여하였고 group II는 cardioxane으로 전처치한 후 doxorubicin을 투여하였다. Group I은 12마리의 가토를 대상으로 $30mg/m^2$의 doxorubicin을 가능한 한 매주 정맥 주사하였으며 group II는 6마리의 가토를 대상으로 cardioxane $600mg/m^2$으로 전처치한 후 약 20-30분 후에 doxorubicin을 투여하였고, 각각의 doxorubicin 축적총량이 210, 300, $360mg/m^2$이 되도록 하였다. 이상의 방법으로 doxorubicin의 총 투여량이 목표치에 도달한 후 6일 경과 시에 개흉하여 심근 조직을 확보하고 광학현미경 및 전자현미경으로 심근의 손상 정도를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : Doxorubicin의 총 투여량과는 무관하게 토끼 심장의 외견상 차이 및 양 심방과 심실의 크기나 두께에 있어서 큰 차이는 발견할 수 없었다. 광학 현미경상 doxorubicin의 총 투여량이 $210mg/m^2$까지는 정상 대조 가토와 비교시 조직학적으로 큰 차이는 발견할 수 없었고, 총 투여량 $240mg/m^2$에서는 심근섬유의 변성과 괴사 등을 볼 수 있었고 총 투여량 $300mg/m^2$에서는 국소적으로 그리고 미만성으로 심근 섬유의 심한 변성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 전자현미경하에서 소견상 group I에서 doxorubicin의 총 투여량이 $180mg/m^2$ 미만에서는 전자현미경 하에서 심장 조직의 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. $210mg/m^2$을 투여했던 가토에서는 미토콘드리아 내에 능선(cristae)의 관강(lumen)이 약간 팽창된 소견을 보였고, $240mg/m^2$을 투여했던 토끼에서는 심근섬유의 변성을 관찰할 수 있었고 $300mg/m^2$을 투여했던 토끼에서는 전반적으로 심한 변성이 관찰되었다. 그러나 cardioxane 전처치군에서는 doxorubicin의 총 투여량이 $300mg/m^2$이하에서 광학현미경 및 전자현미경 소견상 조직학적으로 정상의 심장과 차이를 보이지 않았고, $360mg/m^2$에서는 전반적으로는 정상 심근의 소견과 차이는 발견할 수 없었고 국소적인 근세사의 성근 배열부가 발견되었으나 doxorubicin 투여결과에 의한 것인지는 명백하지 않았다. 결 론 : Cardioxane은 doxorubicin에 의한 심근 손상을 예방할 수 있는 훌륭한 약제로서 doxorubicin을 투여하는 모든 환자에게 안전하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2013

조경수 관리시 발생하는 병충해 등의 문제에 대한 자문을 받기 위하여 관리 담당자는 나무병원에 진단 및 처방을 의뢰하고 있는데, 본 연구는 국내에서 수목진단센터로 인증된 서울대학교 식물병원, 충북대학교 식물종합병원 및 강원대학교 수목진단센터의 온라인 상담게시판에 등록된 조경수 관련 질의와 답변을 검토하여 조경관리자 및 관계자들이 주로 질의하는 조경수 관리상의 문제와 의문이 무엇인지 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 질의자 중에 조경관계자가 81.4%로 대다수를 차지했으나, 질의시 조경수 진단에 필수적인 수목관리 이력 및 주변환경 설명을 한 경우가 11.5%에 불과할 정도로 조경관계자들이 수목진단에 관한 기초적 지식이나 관심이 부족함을 확인하였다. 그리고 조경수 관련 질의 263건 중 생리피해 질의가 94건, 35.8%로 가장 많은 건수를 나타냈다. 이어서 충해, 병해 순이었다. 표징이 없고 다양한 스트레스에 의해 발생하는 생리적 문제의 특성상 진단 및 처방의뢰를 가장 많이 하게 되는 것으로 판단된다. 생리피해의 원인으로는 수분스트레스와 온도스트레스가 가장 많은 편이었으며, 병해는 그 병의 종류가 다양하였고, 생리적 원인이 수반되는 복합피해도 많은 편이었다. 충해는 나방류에 의한 경우가 가장 많았다. 이와 같은 결과를 고려할 때, 조경 기술자와 학생이 조경수 관리의 필수 지식과 정보를 습득하고 관심도를 고취할 수 있도록 대학이나 기술자 교육기관에서 조경수 관리교육을 반드시 실시하여야 하며, 특히 수목 생리에 대한 심도있는 학습 기회 제공과 기술자 스스로의 노력이 요구된다. 또한 조경업에 대한 이해와 조경식재 기술 및 현장의 실정을 이해하는 조경식재 및 관리에 대해 전문적으로 자문할 수 있는 기관의 구성이 이루어져야 한다. 그리고 아직 기반이 갖추어지지 않은 조경수 관리분야의 체계성과 전문성 도모를 위해 집중적인 기술자 육성과 학계와 업계 등 관계자들의 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-59
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• 1996

Dep. of Classics &Medical History, College of Oriental Medicint, Kyung Hee University Today, many people are more interested Today, many people are more interested in preventing the disease than curing it. Chi-Kung(氣功) is the way of Life-Cultivation(養生法) peculiar to the orient, it is reported in china that Chi-Kung has an excellent curative value not only in curing the disease but also in preventing it. But the full-scale study of Chi-Kung is not be made up to now in Korea, so I studied the developmental history of chinese Chi-Kung through the oriental medical books. From this study, I reached the following conclusions; 1. Chi-Kung is naturally derived from the self-preservation instinct to adapt oneself to circumstances of the nature, but in the investigation from the documentational records, it is originated in the treatment method of the Sam-Huang-O-Jae(三皇五帝) period to cure the abnormal circulation of the vital force and blood caused by damp(濕). 2. As the principle and the method of the Life-Cultivation of the Chun-Chu-Jeon-Kook(春秋戰國) period were recorded in Huang-Jae-Nai-Gyung(黃帝內經) detailly and the remedy examples by ancient Chi-Kung such as Tao-Yin(導引), Haeng-Chi(行氣) were presented, we considered that theoretical basis of the development of Life-cultivation and Chi-Kung study was furnished in that period. 3. A famous doctor, Hwa-Ta(華引) lived in Han dynasty, researched the theory and practice of Tao-Yin transmitted from the former generations, as that result, he formed a kind of medical, gymnastics what is called O-Keum-Hi(五禽?). It is considered that 'O-Keum-Hi' is a Tao-Yin method developed more practically and systemetically than the Tao-Yin appeared in the 'Jang-Ja'(莊子) or 'Hoy-Nam-Ja'(淮南子). 4. In Wui-Jin-Nambook-Jo(魏曺南北朝) periods, the contents of Chi-Kung were more abundant under the influence of Buddhism(佛敎) and Taoism(道敎). Galhong(葛洪), the author of 'Po-Bak-Ja'(抱朴子) arranged the ancient Chi-Kung method systematically first of all, Tao-Goeng-Gyung, the author of 'Yang-Seong-Yeun-Myung-Rok'(養性延命錄) recorded the 'Yook-Ja-Geul'(六字訣) first time. 5. There is a new development of Chi-Kung therapy in Soo-Tang-Odae(隋唐五代) periods, especially So-Won-Bang(巢元方), the author of 'Jey-Bang-Won-Hwu-Ron' collected almost all of the Chi-Kung method, for curing the disease formed before Soo(隋) period. From that fact, we supposed that Chi-Kung was utilized more widely in curing the disease. 6. 'So-Ju-Cheon-Hwa-Hu-Peob'(小周天火候法) was adopted as the best orthodox approach under the influence of Nae-Tan-Taoist(道敎內丹學波) in Song-Keum-Won(宋金元) periods, especially in the song dynasty, 'Pal-Dan-Geum'(八段錦) was appearde and assignment of six-Chi(六氣) for bowel and viscera in the 'Yook-Ja-Geul'(六字訣) was decided firmly, that is to say Lung-Si(肺-?), Heart-Kha(心-呵), Spleen-Hoa(脾-呼), liver-Hoe(肝-噓), Kidney-chui(賢-吹), Three-Burner-shi(三焦-?). 7. In Myung-Cheong(明淸) periods, The general practitioner applied the principle of 'Byun-Jeng-Ron-Chi(辨證論治) to the Chi-Kung field, and after Myung dynasty the style of doing 'Yook-Ja-Gyel'(六字訣) was developed to the moving style. 8. Today, in china, the study on the Chi-Kyung is being progressed constantly under the positive assistance of government, Chi-Kung-Hak(氣功學) has taking its place as a branch of study step by step. It is considered that the establishment of Chi-Kung-Hak Classroom(氣功學敎室) and Medical Chi-Kung Center(氣功療法室) for special and systematic research are needed, at the same time the settlement of institutional system for training the Chi-Kung technician(氣功師) is also needed.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic materials for searching the way of improvement to heighten the emergency medical welfare level by one step further. To achieve this purpose, the subjects of this study were selected 452 college students in Gwangju, using a random sampling method. The statistical analysis methods utilized for analyzing the collected data are frequency analysis, $x^2$ test. The conclusions obtained from these analyses are as following ; 1. In question about necessary optimum number of persons for rescue first aid activity, health and non-health major college students responded by 39.2%, 45.3% respectively that rescue team 15 people, first aid team 3 people is most suitable. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 2. In question about security of the public health doctor and the emergency medical technician, all health and non-health major college students are recognizing necessity urgently, but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 3. In question about 119 rescue first aid team member applying for an examination qualification grant to the department of EMT's graduate, all health and non-health major college students were highest by 52.9%, 52.4% respectively in "necessity" item. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 4. Because rescue first aid equipment level appears higher than 41.7% in non-health major college student's case by 54.2% in health major college student's case, health major college students are recognizing that equipment level should be supplemented more but there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 5. In question about equipment supplement, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 64.8%, 69.3% in accident type different special equipment. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 6. In question about rescue ambulance car size, we could know being thinking that health and non-health major college student each 61.2%, 56.5% is small and narrow that large size of the rescue ambulance amount need. But there was no significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 7. In question about patient's state is worsened, because rescue first aid equipment is inferior, health major college student responded sometimes 55.1%, many 29.5%. very many by 11.5%, while non-health major college student responded 65.8%, 23.1%, 4.0% respectively. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). 8. In question about emergency patient must utilize for 119 rescue ambulance car, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 38.8%, 41.3% in "not so" item. In question about rescue first aid team's first-aid treatment ability improves more, all health and non-health major college students appeared highest by 58.1% and 58.7% respectively in "improve" item. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must go more rapidly than now", all health and non-health major college students are recognizing that should be quicker by 58.1%, 60.9% respectively. When called to 119 all health and non-health major college students responded highest by 55.5%, 53.3% respectively that we must receive first-aid treatment direction from a doctor. In question about "119 rescue ambulance car must be made the pay system", all health and non-health major college students responded 74%, 80% respectively in "not so" item. There was significant difference in major department(p<0.05). In conclusions, In oder to provide superior rescue first aid service to people, a public health doctor should be placed in the situation room inside the fire station so that the doctor could instruct the proper emergency treatment suitable for each situation to the rescue first aid team. Also, national education about a first-aid treatment that do to all people is necessarily necessary in emergency delivery system and this should be spread extensively through school education and broadcasting medium and education should be gone side by side, and see that will can save emergency patients' life which is more when these education consists continuously fixed period for public institution of policeman, fire officer etc. specially. And for reinforcement of patient transfer system, public organization must procure special ambulance car so that emergency patient receive first aid treatment while transfer.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.427-440
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• 2000

농어촌 의료서비스 개선사업의 일환으로 추진된 전라남도 장흥군 장동면과 장편면 2개면 보건지소를 통합하여 보다 수준 높은 통합보건지소를 설치하기 전인 1997년과 통합후인 1999년의 보건의료자원의 변화, 환자진료통계, 보건사업통계를 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 통합전 보건지소의 시설은 진료실과 보건사업 사무실 등 극히 제한된 시설에 2개 보건지소를 합하여 일반의사 2인, 치과의사 1인, 간호조무사 4인, 치과위생사 1인 이상 8명의 직원이 근무하였으나 통합보건지소는 일반 진료실, 치과진료실 외에도 한방진료실, 소독실, X-선실, 임상병리실, 약국, 물리치료실, 보건사업 사무실이 갖추어진 지하 1층, 지상2층 총 건축면적이 $335m^2$이나 되는 시설을 갖추었고 전문의 l인, 일반의 1인, 치과의 1인, 한의 1인, 간호사 2인, 간호조무사 4인, 임상병리사 1인, 치과위생사 1인, 방사선사 1인, 물리치료사 1인 등 이상 다양한 전문직종이 포함된 14명의 직원이 근무하고 있었다. 2. 통합적인 1997년 1년동안 2개 보건지소의 수입을 합하여 78.815천원이어서 주민1인당 평균 14,000원이었던데 비하여 통합후인 1999년 1년동안 통합보건지소의 수입은 140,376천원으로 주민1인당 평균 25,000원에 해당하였다. 이러한 수입액은 인건비를 제외한 보건지소 운영비로 사용되었으며 의약품비가 가장 많은 비중을 차지하였다. 3. 통합전후 진료사업 통계를 비교한 결과 통합전에는 진료과목으로 일반진료 90.5%, 치과 9.5%이었고 초진 8.4%, 재진 91.6% 이었으나, 통합후에는 진료과목으로 일반진료 71.2%, 치과 10.8%, 한방 16.5%, 임상검사 1.5%의 분포를 보이고 초진 29.7%, 재진 70.3% 이었다. 통합전후 모두 치료받은 질환 종류는 근골격계 질환인 관절염이 가장 많은 빈도를 차지하였으며 한방진료도 요각통으로 가장많은 치료를 받았다. 통합전에는 치과진료로 매복치 및 매몰치가 가장 흔한 문제였으나 통합후는 치수염이 가장 빈도가 많은 문제이었다. 치료가 1인당 월평균 치료비는 통합전에는 9,363원이었으나 통합후에는 8,309원이었다. 6. 통합전후 대상인구당 보건사업 실시율을 분석한 결과 독거노인관리, 고혈압관리, 당뇨 환자관리, 임부등록에서는 통합후에 통합전보다 다소 감소하였지만 그 외 대부분의 만성질환자에 대한 방문보건사업, 모자보건사업, 예방접종 사업량은 정체되거나 약간 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 이상을 보면 통합전 2개 보건지소에 비하여 통합보건지소는 시설, 규모, 조직, 예산이 방대해져서 진료환자수는 증가하였으나 1인당 진료 단가는 다소 감소하였다. 예방 보건사업은 일부 사업량은 증가하였으나 일부 사업은 감소하였다. 통합보건지소가 소기의 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 2개면 전체주민을 위한 보건의료사업 활성화를 위한 보다 많은 노력이 요구되며 계속적인 평가도 필요하다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

응급상황에서 방사선 촬영 분포 분석 및 문헌을 토대로 응급상황 대처 및 서비스 효율성을 개선시키기 위하여 연구를 하였다. 2010년 12월, 광주 광역시 한 대학병원에 응급실을 내원한 1270명 응급 외래환자를 분석하여 방사선 촬영 분포 데이터를 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 응급 방사선 촬영은 56.6% 일반 방사선 촬영, 2.5% 특수촬영, CT 34.2%, 초음파 6.7%였으며, 일반 방사선 촬영에서 남성은 51.7%, 흉부외과의 촬영률 90.0%, 입원환자 77.9% 및 응급실에서 머무르는 시간이 긴 환자에게서 촬영하였다. 특수 촬영의 비율은, 비뇨기계 28.6%, CT에서는 신경외과 49.2%, 신경과 36.7%의 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 초음파의 경우 여성이 8.8%, 내과가 15.9% 비율을 나타냈다. 방사선 촬영의 분포도를 분석하면, 일반 방사선 촬영에서 흉부촬영 55.3%, 특수 촬영에서는 1.2%의 비뇨기계, CT에서는 두부 검사가 40.0%로 높은 비율을 차지했다. 일반 촬영의 진료과의 분포도에 따르면, 두부가 64.6% 신경외과, 흉부검사는 흉부외과는 90.9%, 복부가 58.0% 일반외과, 척추는 신경외과 40.0%, 골반 및 상하지는 정형외과가 15.9%, 20.5%, 31.8%를 차지하였다. 일반 촬영의 환자 1인당 평균검수는 전체 인원을 고려하여 성별, 연령별, 전원 여부별 모두에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 촬영만을 고려한 경우에는 성별에서 남자가 2.2건 높았으며, 연령대에서는 30대에서 2.7건이, 진단부분에서는 신경외과가 3.4건이 더 높게 차지하였다. 전체 촬영 부위 건수에서는 흉부가 998건으로 가장 많았다. 결과를 고려해보면, 응급실에서 근무하는 방사선사는 응급 촬영에서 노년층을 돌봐야 하며, 촬영동안에 가능한 2차 손상을 특수 촬영인 비뇨기계 계통이 기구와 관련이 되어 있기 때문이다. 줄이기 위한 부상응급 환자를 검사하는 모든 방사선사는 방사선 촬영하는 동안에 긴급 상황에 대처해야 한다. 방지 대처가 필요하다. 왜냐하면, 특히 야간에 CT 촬영하는 두부 손상 환자는 환자 처치가 매우 중요하다. 담당 의사는 언제나 CT실에 상주하여 환자를 지켜봐야 한다. 응급실에서 방사선 촬영은 여러 진료과에서 관여 한다. 일반 방사선 촬영의 높은 비율, 응급 방사선 촬영에 대한 특수 촬영실이 응급실 내에 설치하여만 하고, 능력이 있는 응급 환자 처치를 할 수 있는 방사선사가 필요로 하고 응급환자 증가로 적절한 인원배치가 필요하다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.179-198
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• 2000

Since dental prosthesis is made possible only when dental technicians give themselves to the study of knowledge and the acquisition of updated skills, continuing education is of great importance in that it makes up for the efforts of dental technicians. Accordingly, continuing education relates to a system designed to contribute to the enhancement of the talents of dental technicians and the dental health of the nation. Specialized knowledge and information may work as the best weapon to preserve their jbs. This is true of this modern society where no one can expecth to survive without acquiring knowledge and information constantly for work is getting more classified and more divirsifide. This paper is dedicated to take a look at the current condition of the continuing education of dental technicians and to come up with measure to make general evaluation and to improve continuing education. This research resorts to 609 questionnaires among 6433 copies save unfaithfully responded 34 copos with 6.431 dental technicians as the subjects enrolled in the Dental technician Association. The collected questionnaires consist of 365 dental technicians living in Seoul and of 244 ones, Which account for 11.8 percent of dental technicians enrolled in the association. Because dental technicians live more in local areas than Seoul, the generalization of this survey leaves something to be desired. I have come up with the following findings. 1. 6,431 dental technicians, or 36.3 percent of an total of 14,956 licensed dental technicians, were admitted as numbers of the Dental Tachnician Association as of October 31, 1999. In the '98 continuing education. 4,141 dental technicians among 4,711 dental technicians got relevant training, and in the '99 continuing education, 4,075 technicians, or 75.9 percent of 5,365 technicians got relevant training while 1,290 technicians or 24.2 percent, fail to get relevant training. 2. The survey has it that 38.1 percent of dental technicians are ignorant of the laws on continuing education, and that technicians staying in local communities(146 persons, or 61.6%) take more part in education than those living in the capital of Korea(159 persons, or 146%), and that the older they are, the more money they earn, the more carrer they have, the higher position they hold, the more part they take in education 3. According to the survey, those who have the experience of getting training more than three times account for 52 persons(16.8%) in Seoul and 47 persons(22.4%) in local districts(p<0.01). In terms of sanctions in relation to continuing education, 26 dental technicians(4.6%) say that they have ever gotten sanctions, and 533 dental technicians(95.4%) say that they haven't. And those who were absent from continuing education(72 technicians : 13.51%) didn't get any sanction. 4. In terms of the degree of understanding continuing education, local technicians(46.8% : 110 persons) have a higher understanding of continuing education than their countparts staying in Seoul(36.0% : 130). Continuing education is not the ultimate goal itself. It should be changed to motivate those who get education to be willing to take part in contunuing education, and to help dental technicians in a practical and specific way. And the branch societies should be developde to engage in more specialized and classified expert fields. Of course, the curriculum should be so selected that the conceptions of dental technicians may be reflected to the maximum extent, and the ultimate effores should be made to effect diversity in the ways of educational methods and to perfect the preparation of continuing education on the part of instructors. Regulations should be established in relation to continuing education with a veiew to enhancing the participation of continuing education and its effectiveness. The supervision of the Ministry of Health and Welfare is of great importance in this context. The regulation of continuing education is not administrative regulation, but the expression of national will to guarantee the medical service of the nation at highest level. Therefore, it is necessary that the Ministry of Health and Welfare should change their understanding of the needs for the continuing education of dental experts, and that the expertise of government employees in charge of continuing education should be expanded. It goes without saying that the government should suppory continuing education in a financial way so as to supply the person in charge of public welfare and control the quality of national medicine.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2004

This study selected the fifth and sixth graders of elementary school in Jeollanamdo who can express their opinions of safety consciousness and understand the items of questionnaire as the population. It selected 10 elementary schools under the supervision of Jeonnam Board of Education and sampled 700 students randomly from 2-3 classes in the 5th and the 6th grade. One preliminary survey was conducted to revise and complement the contents and forms of questionnaire with 70 students of a school from Apr. 1 to 6, 2004 and this study was conducted from Apr. 10 to 30, 2004. Data of this study were collected by explaining the purport of study to subjects after obtaining approval of principal and teacher of the school and distributing questionnaires. Total 700 questionnaires were distributed and 681 were collected (97%) and 602 were used for final analysis except 79 lacking responses. The results of this study are as follows. According to demographical characteristics of subjects, 'male' students were 302(50.%) and 'female' students were 300(49.8%) by sex and 'the 5th graders' were 285(47.3%) and 'the 6th graders' were 317(52.7%) in grade distribution. Residents at 'apartment house' were 406(67.4%) in residence type, 'going to school by foot' was 477 students(79.2%), 'high school graduates' were 297(49.3%) in fathers' education, 'high school graduates' were 366 (60.8%) in mothers' education, 'professional and office workers' were 231(38.4%) in fathers' job, 'full-time workers' were 283(47.0%) in mothers' job, and the number of siblings was one except myself in 343 students(57.0%). Respondents on the level of class showing 'good' were 340(56.5%) and those on the degree of adaptation to school life showing 'active' were 349(58.0%). On the characteristics related to safety education, 360(59.8%) responded it was 'very necessary', on the frequency of safety education at school for last one year, 339(56.3%) responded they had 'once or twice', on the frequency of safety education by parents, 279(46.3%) responded they 'often' had it, on the level of safety practice by parents, 347(57.6%) responded they practiced it 'frequently', on the source of knowledge of safety, 223(37.0%) responded they got it from 'parents, siblings and relatives', on the degree of recognizing the need of safety education textbooks, 295(38.5%) responded 'it was needed', on the recognition of necessity of teacher for safety education, 271(45.0%) answered it was very necessary', and on the recognition of qualification of teacher for safety education, 370(61.5%) answered it was 'paramedic'. The mean score of safety consciousness of subjects was 2.72 (SD. 21) of full score 3, having high score over mean score. According to each area, the area showing the highest safety consciousness was safety of fire(2.83), followed by home safety(2.76) and first-aid treatment(2.76), traffic safety(2.71), play and leisure safety(2.66) and school safety(2.56). Items showing statistical differences in the degree of safety consciousness according to demographical characteristics were sex(t=-3.11, p=.002), education(t=2.33, p=.021) and number of siblings(F=3.729, p=.011). In the difference of safety consciousness between both sexes, 'female' students(2.75) showed higher safety consciousness than 'male' students (2.69), and the former also showed higher safety consciousness than the latter in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety and first-aid treatment. According to the differences of safety consciousness by grade, 'the fifth graders'(2.74) showed higher safety consciousness than 'the sixth graders'(2.70) and the former also showed higher safety consciousness than the latter in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of fire safety and home safety. In the safety consciousness by the number of siblings, 'single son or daughter' (2.78) was highest and their safety consciousness was also highest in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of school safety, fire safety and home safety, There were statistically remarkable differences in degree of adaptation to school life (F=15.349, p=.000) and perceived schooling level(F=9.552, p=.000). According to the degree of safety consciousness related to characteristics of safety education, there were statistical differences at the degree of recognizing the need of safety education(F=9.797, p=.000), degree of safety education at school(F=2.595, p=.006), degree of safety education by parents(F=12.709, p=.000), degree of practicing safety by parents(F=17.579, p=.000), source of knowledge of safety education (F=2,715, p=.044), necessity of safety education textbooks(F=3.972, p=.008), need of safety teacher(F=4.137, p=.006) and qualification standard of safety teacher(F=3.016, p=.029).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2008

도재 수복물 제작을 위해 자연치아의 색조를 분석하는 방법으로는 색견본 (shade guide)을 이용하는 시각적인 방법과 기계를 이용하는 방법이 있다. 그중 통상적인 육안 관찰을 통해 색조를 선택하는 것은 임상에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 방법이기는 하나 주관적이며 일관되지 않은 결과로 신뢰성의 문제가 제기되었으며 자연치의 색조는 매우 다양하여 같은 치아라 할지라도 부위별로 다양한 색조를 가지기 때문에 단순히 shade tab을 이용한 색조 비교만으로는 정확한 치아의 색조 특성을 나타내는 것이 불가능한 것으로 알려져 있다. 한편 지속적인 기술발달로 computer color matching system, 치과용 비색계, 분광 측정기 등의 기계를 이용한 치아 색조 측정 방법이 이의 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 기계를 이용한 방법은 색조 선택에 있어 객관적이며, 재현성이 있는 정확한 정보를 술자에게 제공한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 광원, 개인, 술자의 숙련도에 따라 육안과 기계를 통한 관찰 시 치아 색조 선택의 정확성을 확인하기 위한 실험을 시행하였다. 첫 번째 실험에서는 치과대학병원 전공의인 1명의 검사자가 10명의 피검자를 오전, 정오, 오후 각 3번의 측정을 통해 시간대별 자연광하에 육안, 기계 측정의 색조 선택 정확성을 분석하였다. 두 번째 실험에서는 5명의 치과대학병원 전공의와 5명의 치과대 학생, 총 10명의 검사자가 10명의 피검자를 정오에 육안, 기계 관찰을 통해 개인차에 따른 정확성을 실험하였다. 세 번째 실험에서는 두 번째 실험의 결과를 5명의 치과대학 전공의, 5명의 치과대학생 군으로 나누어 숙련도에 따른 육안, 기계 색조 선택의 정확성을 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 첫 번째 실험에서는 기계 측정 결과가 육안 측정보다 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이며 (P < .05) 색조 선택의 정확성을 나타내었고, 두 번째 실험에서 역시 기계 측정시 개개인의 육안 측정에 의한 색조 선택 값에 비해 재현성 및 정확성이 높았으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P < .05). 세 번째 실험에서 이전 실험의 결과를 숙련자, 비숙련자 군으로 나누어 분석한 결과 군 내 기계 측정값이 육안 관찰값보다 숙련도에 상관없이 정확도가 높으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P < .05). 하지만 군 간 육안, 기계 측정값을 비교 시 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 치아 색조를 육안, 기계 측정할 때 술자의 숙련도가 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 기계를 이용하는 치아 색조 측정 방법이 색견본을 이용하는 시각적인 방법에 비해 더 정확하기는 하지만 어느 정도의 측색 오류를 고려해야하며 수복물 제작 시 정확한 재현과 효과적인 정보 전달을 위해 시각적인 방법과의 병행이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.