• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2012

Understanding infrared (IR) luminosity is fundamental to understanding the cosmic star formation history and AGN evolution, since their most intense stages are often obscured by dust. Japanese infrared satellite, AKARI, provided unique data sets to probe this both at low and high redshifts. The AKARI performed an all sky survey in 6 IR bands (9, 18, 65, 90, 140, and $160{\mu}m$) with 3-10 times better sensitivity than IRAS, covering the crucial far-IR wavelengths across the peak of the dust emission. Combined with a better spatial resolution, AKARI can measure the total infrared luminosity ($L_{TIR}$) of individual galaxies much more precisely, and thus, the total infrared luminosity density of the local Universe. In the AKARI NEP deep field, we construct restframe $8{\mu}m$, $12{\mu}m$, and total infrared (TIR) luminosity functions (LFs) at 0.15 < z < 2.2 using 4,128 infrared sources. A continuous filter coverage in the mid-IR wavelength (2.4, 3.2, 4.1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 18, and $24{\mu}m$) by the AKARI satellite allows us to estimate restframe $8{\mu}m$ and $12{\mu}m$ luminosities without using a large extrapolation based on a SED fit, which was the largest uncertainty in previous work. By combining these two results, we reveal dust-hidden cosmic star formation history and AGN evolution from z = 0 to z = 2.2, all probed by the AKARI satellite.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2005

A series of heavy section ductile cast iron ingots with the cube length of 250mm were systematically investigated as functions of casting parameters of sand casting. Abnormal graphite formation was specially observed with the variation of Si content and Bi or Sb addition. Effects of chilling during casting and adaptation of riserless system were also examined, and proved to be effective for the prevention of both shrinkage and abnormal graphite such as chunky one. The formation of chunky graphite was effectively prevented by low Si content despite the promotion of pearlite matrix structure. The ferritic matrix was encouraged to form by high Si content and chunky graphite formation was effectively suppressed by the addition of Bi and Sb. Bi addition, however, was not good enough to control the microstructure owing to the sensitive cooling rate dependent inoculation behavior and relative low ability of nodulization. Sb addition, on the other hand, was proved to be effective for the microstructural control and enhancement of various mechanical properties such as strength, elongation, and impact energy. It may be suggested that optimized casting parameters should be applied to produce heavy section ductile cast iron with reliability.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.281-284
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• 2012

We utilize AKARI's slitless spectroscopic capability to detect the $3.3{\mu}m$ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and measure star formation (SF) activity for various AKARI programs. First, we obtain $2{\sim}5{\mu}m$ spectra of 20 flux-limited galaxies with mixed SED classes in order to calibrate the $3.3{\mu}m$ PAH luminosity ($L_{PAH3.3}$) as a star formation rate (SFR) indicator. We find that $L_{PAH3.3}$ correlates with $L_{IR}$ as well as with the $6.2{\mu}m$ PAH luminosity ($L_{PAH6.2}$). The correlations does not depend on SED classes. We find that ULIRGs deviate from the correlation between PAH luminosities and $L_{IR}$, while they do not for the correlation between PAH luminosities. We suggest possible effects to cause this deviation. On the other hand, how AGN activity is linked to SB activity is one of the most intriguing questions. While it is suggested that AGN luminosity of quasars correlates with starburst (SB) luminosity, it is still unclear how AGN activity is connected to SF activity based on host galaxy properties. We are measuring SFRs for the LQSONG sample consisting of reverberation mapped AGNs and PG-QSOs. This is an extension of the ASCSG program by which we investigated the connection between SB and AGN activities for Seyferts type 1s at z ~ 0.36. While we found no strong correlation between $L_{PAH3.3}$ and AGN luminosity for these Seyferts 1s, $L_{PAH3.3}$ measured from the central part of galaxies correlates with AGN luminosity, implying that SB and AGN activities are directly connected in the nuclear region.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2015

Lanthanum zirconate, $La_2Zr_2O_7$, is one of the most promising candidates for next-generation thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications in high efficient gas turbines due to its low thermal conductivity and chemical stability at high temperature. In this study, bulk specimens and thermal barrier coatings are fabricated via a variety of sintering processes as well as suspension plasma spray in lanthanum zirconates with reduced rare-earth contents. The phase formation, microstructure, and thermo-physical properties of these oxide ceramics and coatings are examined. In particular, lanthanum zirconates with reduced rare-earth contents in a $La_2Zr_2O_7-4YSZ$ composite system exhibit a single phase of fluorite or pyrochlore after fabricated by suspension plasma spray or spark plasma sintering. The potential of lanthanum zirconate ceramics for TBC applications is also discussed.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.560-565
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• 2014

Alumina nano-asperites were grown on plate-like alumina particles of which the surface had been covered with a capping agent to control the asperite formation sites on the particles. Utilized alumina source for asperite was nano sized ${\gamma}$-alumina, which was prepared by calcination of $Al(OH)_3$ at $600^{\circ}C$; silica suspension was used as the capping agent. Plate like alumina particles were covered by silica suspension and continuously heat-treated to $900^{\circ}C$ with nano sized ${\gamma}$-alumina, as the source material, under molten-salt atmosphere. Asperite growing site were controlled by the degree of coating of the capping agent; 10-20 nanosize of ${\theta}$-alumina were formed on the particle surface. On the other hand, alumina particles without capping agent were observed to undergo only step-like crystal growth during heat-treatment.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

A number of the retail and traditional market customer is decrease, whereas that of the supermarket in department-store customers is increase. This case suggests that customers have a preference for much more comfortable and pleasant shopping places And making a reasonable purchase in the supermarkets where we can find various goods and price zone, is now garden variety. It is a current course that once the manager ask an architect for multi-functional space design in department-store and then the architect compose a team and start to design. Of course, the team of planner thinking manage give the design team the basic material data such as commerce analysis and the use of each layer in the department store but, the design team solve the assignment by architectural form, functional space plan and the limited architecture law, After establishing general design for architecture, we can ask shopping-mall distribution, products display and interior design of the interior design team. so it is inevitable that the interior design team concerning M$\cdot$D can find lots of complementary factors with architecture design. The purpose of this study is analyzing the differences of architecture design, which has to accept the limited law and interior design concerning M$\cdot$D, satisfying the structure and the law in the future design for the department-store. Also the purpose of this thesis is suggestion the items architects and interior designers research into together to make the inner space ideally.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of Team-Spirit training in new nurses. Method: Data was collected through open-ended and self-reported questionnaires which were received from 47 new nurses who had finished team-spirit training for 2 days. The content analysis method was used to derive the core-category, categories and concepts of Team-Spirit training for new nurses. Result: The care category identified in new nurses trained in Team-Spirit was upgrade myself and our team. The following 4 categories also emerged; companion, interdependency, importance of community, and future growth of myself and our community. The derived 12 subcategories were intimacy, importance of companions, binding, partaking in difficulties, empowerment, observing rules, cooperation, consensus, self-pledge as a subordinator, motivating vision formation, developing professionalism, contribution and devotion. The 34 concepts were derived from the new nurses' statements. Conclusion: These results imply that Team-Spirit Training for nurses could contribute to companionship, interdependency, importance of community, and future growth of oneself and the hospital team.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1997

Background : A pressure sore was defined as any skin lesion caused by unrelieved pressure and resulting in damage to underlying tissue. The health care institutions in the United States were reported the incident rate of pressure sores ranging from 6 to 14 %. Intensive Care Unit needed highest quality of care has been found over 40% incidence rate of pressure sore. Also, Annual expenditures for the care of pressure sores in patients in the United States have been estimated to be $7.5 billion; furthermore, 50 percent more nursing time is required to care for patients with pressure sore in comparison to the time needed to implement preventive measures against pressure sore formation. However, In Korea, there were little reliable reports, or researches, about incidence rates of pressure sore in health care institution including intensive care unit and about the integrated approach like CQI action team for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Therefore, this study was to develop pressure sore risk assessment tool and the protocol for prevention of pressure sore formation through CQI action team activities, to monitor incident rate of pressure sore and the length of sore formation for patients at high risk, and to approximately estimate nursing time for sore dressing during research period as the effect of CQI action team. Method : CQI action team in intensive care unit, launched since early 1996, reviewed the literature for the standardized risk assessment tool, developed the pressure sore assessment tool based on the Braden Scale, tested its validity, compared on statistics including incidence rate of pressure sore for patients at high risk. Throughout these activities, CQI action team was developed the protocol, called as St. Marys hospital Intensive Care Unit Pressure Sore Protocol, shifted the emphasis from wound treatment to wound prevention. After applied the protocol to patients at high risk, the incident rate and the period of prevention against pressure development were tested with those for patients who received care before implementation of protocol by Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier Method of Survival Analysis. Result : The CQI action team found that these was significant difference of in incidence rate of pressure sores between patients at high risk (control group) who received care before implementation of protocol and those (experimental group) who received it after implementation of protocol (p<.05). 25% possibility of pressure sore formation was shown for the patients with 6th hospital day in ICU in control group. In experimental group, the patients with 10th hospital day had 10% possibility of pressure sore. Therefore, there was significant difference(p<.05) in survival rate between two groups. Also, nursing time for dressing on pressure sore in experimental group was decreased as much as 50% of it in control group. Conclusion : The collaborative team effort led to reduced incidence, increased the length of prevention against pressure sore, and declined nursing care times for sore dressing. However, there have had several suggestions for future study. The preventive care system for pressure sore should be applied to patients at moderate, or low risk throughout continuous CQI team activities based on Bed Sore Indicator Fact Sheet. Hospital-wide supports, such as incentives, would be offered to participants for keeping strong commitment to CQI team. Also, Quality Information System monitoring incidents and estimating cost of poor quality, like workload (full time equivalence) or financial loss, regularly in a hospital has to be developed first for supporting CQI team activities as well as empowering hospital-wide QI implementation. Being several limitations, this study would be one of the report cards for the CQI team activities in intensive care unit of an acute hospital and a trial of quality improvement of health care in Korea.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2007

탈미네랄화된 골분(demineralized bone particle, DBP)은 골/연골 형성의 강력한 유도인자로 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 용매 캐스팅/염 추출법을 이용해 함량별 DBP와 PLGA가 하이브리드화된 다공성 지지체를 실제 디스크 형태와 유사하게 제조하였다. 제조된 지지체의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 다공도, 표면 젖음성 및 물 흡수성을 측정하였다. 디스크 세포인 섬유륜 및 수핵 세포는 토끼로부터 분리하여 제조된 지지체에 각각 파종한 후, 지지체를 재조합하여 배양하였다. 지지체에 파종된 디스크 세포의 생존율과 증식률은 MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide) 분석 방법을 이용하였고, 면역결핍 쥐의 피하에 삽입하여 이들의 디스크 조직 형성 정도를 확인하였다. 피하에 이식된 지지체를 적출하여 육안으로 관찰하고 모폴로지의 변화를 확인한 후, 조직을 파라핀으로 고정시켜 슬라이드를 제조하여 hematoxylin과 eosin 염색을 수행하였다. 천연/합성 하이브리드 담체로서의 DBP/PLGA 담체가 PLGA 단독으로 사용하였을 때와 비교하여 볼 때 디스크 조직의 형성이 우수하였으며, 특히 20, 40%의 DBP가 함유된 지지체가 세포의 성장과, 디스크 조직화에 유리함을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2013

매실주의 숙성 중 에틸카바메이트의 발생을 알아보고자 일반 가정에서 담그는 방식으로 매실주와 복분자주를 담아 저장하면서 발생량을 측정하였다. 매실주는 매실과 설탕 및 $19.5^{\circ}{\sim}35^{\circ}$ 담금주의 담금비를 달리하여 담아, 15일부터 180일까지 15~30일 간격으로 에틸카바메이트의 함량을 분석한 결과 숙성 90일 까지 매실을 설탕만으로 숙성한 경우와 복분자주에서 에틸카바메이트는 발생하지 않았으나 매실의 알코올의 농도가 높을수록 에틸카바메이트의 생성량이 증가하였다. 매실과 담금주의 비율을 달리한 결과, 매실보다는 알코올 함량이 에틸카바메이트 발생에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며 120~150일 숙성기간이 지나면서 에틸카바메이트 발생량은 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 90일 숙성 후 여과처리 하였을 경우 여과하지 않았을 경우보다 180일까지 2배가량 높은 에틸카바메이트가 발생하였으나 이들 모두 안전한 수준이었다.