• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.232-271
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• 2000

The introduction of a team system to any organization is usually to improve that organizations dynamics, by increasing the proper adaptation to rapidly changing environments, by reducing approval procedures, and by promoting power authorization. In this regard, this study was carried out in an attempt to determine (1) whether or not the introduction of a team system can be as effective in hospital organizations as it has been in business organizations, and (2) what behavior factors influence such effectiveness. For the current study, questionnaires were distributed to the employees of a university hospital in Pusan. Four hundred eighty three of them(94.7%) were retrieved and analyzed through statistical processes. The three types of variables that were found to influence team effectiveness were: (1) independent variables of team organization characteristics, such as communication, organizational atmosphere, leadership and team knowledge, (2) intervening variables of team organization characteristics. such as job autonomy, technological variety, task subjectivity, task feedback and task importance, and(3) the dependent variables of team level effectiveness, such as job satisfaction and commitment to team organization. The gathered data were processed by using the 6.12 version of the statistical program SAS(Statistical Analysis System), and the reliance coefficient of those measured variables was then evaluated as an average of 0.78. The influence of team level effectiveness was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. These differences in effectiveness were then analyzed on the basis of related mean values, while the differences among demo-sociological characteristics were analyzed by using the dispersion analysis(ANOVA) and the t-test. The results of the study can be summarized by the following. First, regarding the relationship between team organization characteristics and team level effectiveness, all of the factors including communication, organizational atmosphere, leadership and team knowledge were found to have a significant influence on effectiveness. Second, the factors of team job characteristics, such as technological variety, task importance and job autonomy, had significant effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the teams members. Team level effectiveness was generally high, while team job satisfaction was higher the teams organizational commitment. Third, regarding the demo-sociological characteristics, team level effectiveness was found to be higher among those who were older, who had more job experience, and who had a higher position. Comparing the differences among job types, the effectiveness was relatively higher in the fields of nursing and administration/management then in other fields. Further study should be done towards the setting of variables for characteristics of hospital organization, developing suitable methods of measurement, and researching individual level effectiveness.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2015

This paper attempts to take an in-depth study of the importance of teams and their creativity according to changes of recent design paradigm in engineering and to draw conclusions of the sub-domains and their element extraction. For this purpose, theoretical consideration was reviewed to present the definition of creativity and its sub-domains and elements. Besides, the two steps of expert validation test were conducted to extract the definition of creativity and its sub-domains and elements. The team creativity is defined as a team ability to come up with fresh and useful ideas and to lead them to get meaningful results through cooperative interactions among team members to solve problems given to them based on each member's creativity. Totally, 4 subs -domains and 16 sub-elements were extracted to get to know their influence on the team creativity. This includes a team size, characteristics of team members, and a team structure in team organization domain. To evaluate team atmosphere, elements such as sensibility, fellowship, teamwork, reliability, autonomy and open minded feature are included. In the team activity domain, strategies for solving problems, activities for divergent thinking, activities for convergence thinking and team interaction are included. Also, the sub-domain for team management includes a task, process and conflict management.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.284-295
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• 2014

The purpose of the study was to validate the components of practical collaborative competencies by analyzing the perceptions of corporate personnel on practical collaborative competencies. The study reviewed the theories of collaborative intelligence, collective intelligence, cooperative learning, and learning communities. Based on the results of the literature review, the study derived seven categories of participative motivation for group activities, ability to share thinking and consciousness, motivation to share experiences, ability to control emotion, ability to promote interaction, creativity, and collaborative performance as the core competencies. To validate the elements, survey was conducted for 186 corporate personnels. The results showed that the personnels perceived the following elements as important collaborative competencies: participative motivation for group activities, motivation to form participatory atmosphere, ability to manage conflict effectively, ability to form relationships, ability to form positive team atmosphere.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2008

$BaTiO_3$는 대표적인 강유전체 재료로서 적층형 세라믹 콘덴서 (MLCC), PTC thermistor, resonator 등 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. $BaTiO_3$ 기본조성으로 하는 PTC 써미스터는 온도가 올라감에 따라 저황이 높아지는 특성을 가지고 있으며, 이러한 PTCR 특성은 작동되는 큐리온도에 따라 그 적용이 달라진다. PTCR 소자는 소결온도, 소결분위기, 불순물, 첨가제 등의 제조공정상의 인자들과 기공률, 결정립 크기 등이 복합적으로 작용해 PTCR 특성에 영향을 미치기 때문에 제조하기에 무척 까다로운 소자로 알려져 있다. 하지만 우수한 특성을 지닌 PTCR 소자를 제조하기 위하여 새로운 조성개발이 이루어지고 있으며, 전기적 특성 개선, 재현성 확보, 제조원가 절감 등의 측면에서 새로운 공정개발이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Sm을 첨가한 $BaTiO_3$계 재료의 PTCR 특성에 미치는 Ti/Ba ratio 등의 변화에 따른 영향을 조사하고 공기 중과 환원분위기 중에서 소결된 시편의 차이점과 재산화 처리에 따른 PTC 특성에 미치는 영향을 R-T 측정으로 고찰하였다. 본 조성은 환원 분위기에서 소결할 경우 그 미세구조는 Ti/Ba ratio비가 높을 때 grain size가 커져 상온 비저항을 낮출 수 있었다. Sm 첨가로 상온 비저항값은 낮출 수 있었으나 공기 중에서 재산화 처리하더라도 jumping ratio$(R_{max}/R_{25^{\circ}C})$는 Ti/Ba ratio와 거의 무관한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.470-475
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• 2013

In this study, we report that effects of a filler with a high coefficient of thermal expansion on a sealant for high-temperature ($750{\sim}850^{\circ}C$) SOFC. We designed a $SiO_2-BaO-ZnO-B_2O_3-Al_2O_3$ glass system with a softening temperature higher than $750^{\circ}C$. The properties of the glass system show not only low volumetric shrinking but also low swelling. The glass system did not create a crystal phase during along-term heat treatment. We fabricated a seal gasket with 0, 10, 15, and 20 wt% cristobalite added as filler materials with glass powder. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the seal gasket increased according to cristobalite content. During along-term heat treatment, the leak rate decreased by about 5% after a heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere at $750^{\circ}C$ for 2000 h, also decreasing by about 6% after a heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere at $750^{\circ}C$ for 1000 h.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2005

White radish was minimally processed, packed with air, $CO_{2}$ (100%), and $CO_{2}/N_{2}$ (25/75%), and irradiated at 0, 1, and 2 kGy, and its microbiological quality and pH were investigated during storage for 2 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. Irradiation significantly reduced total aerobic, coli-form, and lactic acid bacteria counts. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) enhanced microorganism control during storage. Acidity decreased by MAP but was restored during storage, Irradiation did not affect sample pH. Results show irradiation at 2 kGy combined with MAP can enhance microbiological safety and quality of minimally processed radish.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.320-324
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• 2003

Combined effect of modified atmosphere packaging and gamma irradiation on color characteristics of emulsion-type cooked pork sausage were investigated. Nitrosomyoglobin (NO-Mb) contents and CIE color values of sausage with aerobic, $CO_2, \;N_2$, and $CO_2/N_2$ packagings were observed during storage for 4 weeks. Irradiation reduced NO-Mb content in sausage, inducing denitrosylation of nitrite-cured meats. $CO_2$ and $CO_2/N_2$ packagings were effective for maintaining NO-Mb content. In CIE color values, $a^*$ was significantly reduced by irradiation at 5 kGy and above. The $a^*$ values of sausages with $CO_2$ and $CO_2/N_2$ packagings were higher than those of aerobic or $N_2$ packaging. Results indicated that modified atmosphere packaging, such as $CO_2$ or $CO_2/N_2$ packaging, was effective for minimizing the loss of red color in sausage caused by irradiation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.295-305
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• 2022

This study aimed to present a realistic policy direction to reduce human rights violations by analyzing the mechanisms of its factors affecting the experience of human rights violations for middle and high school student athletes. The method analyzed the response data of 13,205 student athletes through a structured questionnaire using logistic regression analysis. The independent variable consisted of sexual violence, sexual shame, physical violence, verbal violence, bullying, invasion of privacy and learning rights, and unfair leaders' actions related to exercise. As a result of the analysis, first, the team atmosphere, human rights consciousness in their sports and in the sports field were found to have a significant influence on physical and language violence, bullying, privacy and infringement of learning rights. Second, for the experience of sexual violence, the team atmosphere and the level of awareness of human rights violations in the sports community had a significant effect, but the permission of violence in the sports community and human rights consciousness in their sports did not appear as meaningful variables. Third, it was found that the unfair experience related to exercise had a significant effect on the team atmosphere, the overall level of violence in the sports community, and the its awareness of human rights violations in the sports community.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.241-253
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• 2007

This paper investigates summer precipitation change in East Asia according to switching surface boundary condition over South Korea and Shantung. Simulations are carried out by ECHO-G/S for 20 years (1980-1999). Surface condition over both areas in ECHO-G/S is represented by ocean (OCN experiment). In OCN experiment, the summer precipitation is considerably underestimated around the Korean peninsula (the dry region) and overestimated over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (the wet region). It may be related that the lack of the heat sources from the unrealistically prescribed land-sea mask weakens northward expansion of rainband and the development of convective precipitation. Moreover the simulated rainband retreats before June in connection with the early genesis of summer monsoon circulation. The systematic bias of the summer precipitation over the dry and wet regions are reduced comparing with the OCN experiment when the land-sea masks over South Korea and Shantung are realistically considered as land (LND experiment). These improvements can be explained by the thermodynamical dissimilarity between land and ocean. Enhanced warming by switching the areas from sea to land has led to develop the thermal low over Yellow Sea with the cyclonic circulation. Thus, this cyclonic circulation supports moistures from the south to the dry region and blocks to the wet region. The heat transport from the land surface to atmosphere plays a key role in the developing convective precipitation in local scale and maintaining the precipitation and the rainband. Therefore, this results indicate that the design of the realistic land-sea distribution is required for the accurate simulation of the regional precipitation.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.170-174
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• 2009

$BaTiO_3$ powder was synthesized by the solid-state reaction of fine $BaTiO_3$ and $TiO_2$ raw materials. Fine grinding media of 50 and 300 microns were used for obtaining fine particulate mixture of $BaTiO_3$ and $TiO_2$ with high homogeneity. Effect of the size of grinding media on the synthesis mechanism of $BaTiO_3$ was discussed on the basis of the particulate morphology and thermogravimetry data for the mixture powders. By using the finer grinding media, $BaTiO_3$ was formed at the lower temperature and the particle size with the relatively narrower distribution could be obtained. $BaTiO_3$ powder with the average size of 100 nm was synthesized by the solid reaction in vacuum atmosphere.