• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.477-490
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• 2011

'교수학적 내용 지식(Pedagogical Content Knowledge)'의 개념은 '교수활동을 위한 수학 내용 지식(Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching: MKT)'의 핵심 요소들을 밝히기 위한 연구의 일환으로 많은 연구자들에 의해 확장, 발전되어 왔다. 특히 Ball(1993)은 교수활동에서 가시적으로 드러나는 교사가 알아야 할 수학에 관해 초점을 맞추어 왔는데, 본 연구에서는 MKT를 바라보는 또 하나의 대안적 관점으로서 '발달에 핵심적인 이해 (Key Developmental Understanding: KDU)'라는 개념을 제안하고 있다. Simon (2006)은 KDU란 일련의 교수활동을 통해 수행되고 다른 수학적 아이디어의 학습에 기초가 되는 이해 또는 개념이며, '등분할 조작'이 분수 개념의 KDU가 될 수 있음을 주장하였다. 본 연구에서는 예비 초등교사와의 면담을 통하여 '반복 분할 조작'과 '세 수준의 단위 구조'의 구성이 분수 곱셈에 대한 KDU가 될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2015

In Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where severely ill patients are treated, importance of reducing Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) cannot be overstated. One of the simplest and most effective actions against HAI is proper hand hygiene (HH) behavior of Health Care Workers (HCWs). However, compliance varies across different cultures and different job types of HCWs (physicians, residents and nurses). This study aims to understand determinants of HH behavior by HCWs' job types in Korea. Qualitative analysis was performed based on Reasoned Action Approach style interviews with staff physicians, residents and nurses across 7 teaching hospitals. We found that all HCWs strongly believe HH is important in reducing HAI. There were, however, job type-specific HH behavior modifying factors; staff physicians stated feeling pressure to be HH behavior role model. Residents identified Quality Improvement team that measured compliance as a facilitator; a notable barrier for residents was senior physicians not washing their hands, because they were afraid of appearing impudent to their seniors. Nurses designated their chief nurse as a key referent. All participants mentioned heavy workload and lack of access to alcohol-based sanitizer as situational barriers, and sore and dry hand as deterrents to HH compliance.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.261-282
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• 2019

The research related to testing pupils' achievement in the field of Measurement and Measure in initial teaching of geometry points to an insufficient adoption of the basic components of the length measurement concept among pupils. In order to discover the cause, we looked at the basic components on which the procedure of measuring length using a ruler is based, highlighted the possibilities of introducing the procedure in measuring length, and determined pupils' achievement during the procedure of measuring length using a ruler. The research sample consisted of 145 pupils, out of which 72 were the 2^nd grade pupils and 73 were the 4^th grade pupils. A descriptive method was applied in the research. The technique we used was testing, and for the statistical data processing we used a χ² test. The results of the research show that, when drawing a straight line of a given length using a ruler, there is no statistical difference in achievement between the 2^nd and 4^th grade pupils, nor in the pupils' knowledge regarding drawing a ruler independently, while drawing a straight line of a given length using a "broken" ruler 4^th grade pupils are statistically better. The results of the research indicate that pupils' achievement is better in doing standard tasks than in non-standard ones, given that the latter require conceptual knowledge. The components of the concept of length measurement using ruler have not been sufficiently developed yet, and these include: zero-point, partitioning a measured object in a series of consecutive measurement units and their iteration. We shed more light on the critical stage in the procedure of length measurement - the transition from non-standard to standard units and the formation of the length measurement scale. For further research, we propose to look at the formation of the concept of length measurement using the ruler through all its components and their inclusion in the mathematics curriculum, as well as examining the correlation of pupils' achievement in the procedure of measuring length with their achievement in measuring area (and volume).

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.199-215
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• 1996

In Korea, the majority of hospital dietitians expend most of their time performing food management related activities, and only a few carry out nutrition care activities in full-time. This study was designed to measure productivity of the clinical nutrition team and assess the role of clinical dietitians in the only 2200-bed teaching hospital in Korea. Six full-time clinical dietitians collected time data for four weeks according to the nutrition care activities outlined. Three clinical dietitians assigned to 7 units recorded how often physicians implemented their recommendations for two months. Two kinds of survey questionaire were developed and sent to the patients and the health care team. The followings are a summary of the results. 1. The clinical nutrition team of 6 full-time dietitians expended 75% of their time performing patient care activities, 20% in non-patient care activities and 5% in delay and transit. 2. Each clinical dietitian assigned to the units carried out 56 patient care activities on daily basis. 3. The average time required for the clinical nutrition services was 60.2 minutes for outpatient counseling, 89 minutes for inpatient counseling, 72.5 minutes for nutrition management, 95 minutes for malnutrition consult and 121 minutes for dysphagia diet management. 4. Physicians' implementation of clinical dietitians' recommendations was 98.5%. 5. Most physicians and nurses viewed the clinical dietitians on the units assertive, contributing to the quality improvement of medical services, and helpful to the patients as well as the health care team. 6. Most patients viewed the clinical dietitians on the units considerate, attentive and helpful. Based on these results, it is suggested that (1) daily meal round and nutrition care monitoring are effective tools for nutrition intervention in the hospital setting. (2) unit assignment of clinical dietitians enhances the patients' satisfaction in the nutrition services provided as well as the perceptions of health care team on clinical dietitian's expertise.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.112-123
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 철강산업분야 영마이스터(young meister) 인력 양성을 위하여 선행 연구에 근거하여 '철강의 이해' 교과목의 단원 내용을 선정하고, '철강의 이해' 교과서 편찬 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 연구방법으로는 첫째, 철강산업분야 '철강의 이해' 교과목 프로파일을 분석하여 '철강의 이해' 교과서 집필을 위한 면담지를 작성하였다. 둘째, 면담 조사를 통하여 '철강의 이해' 교과서의 개선안을 도출하고 교과목 내용을 선정하였다. 셋째, 선정된 교과목 내용은 교재개발 연구진 및 집필진으로 구성된 전문가 협의회를 통하여 대단원의 학습 내용을 수정 보완하고, 중단원 및 소단원의 학습 내용을 선정하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 철강산업분야 '철강의 이해' 교과목 프로파일에 제시된 대단원 내용 구성의 적절성을 확인하였다. 둘째, '철강의 이해' 교과서의 단원 내용 구성에서 개선되어야 할 내용을 추출하여 '철강의 이해' 교과서의 중단원 및 소단원을 선정하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4341-4347
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• 2016

Background: Patient safety is one of the key components of nursing care for cancer cases. Valid and reliable context-based instruments are necessary for accurate evaluation of patient safety in oncology units. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Patient Safety Violation Scale in medical oncology units in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this methodological study, a pool of 58 items was generated through reviewing the existing literature. The validity of the 58-item scale was assessed through calculating impact score, content validity ratio, and content validity index for its items as well as conducting exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by assessing its internal consistency and testretest stability. Study sample consisted of 300 oncology nurses who were recruited from thirteen teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Results: Sixteen items were excluded from the scale due to having low impact scores, content validity ratios, or content validity indices. In exploratory factor analysis, the remaining 42 items were loaded on five factors including patient fall, verification of patientidentity, harm during care delivery, delay in care delivery, and medication errors. These five factors explained 62% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale and the test-retest interclass correlation coefficient were equal to 0.933 and 0.92, respectively. Conclusions: The 42-item Patient Safety Violation Scale is a simple and short scale which has acceptable validity and reliability. Consequently, it can be used for assessing patient safety in clinical settings such as medical oncology units and for research projects.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.461-473
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• 2002

본 연구는 지구과학 ‘해양’ 단원에서 제시된 5가지 주제에 대하여 개념도를 작성한 후 이를 중학교 과학 수업에 적용하여 그 효과를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서 작성된 개념도를 활용한 수업을 실험집단인 고등학교 2학년 2개 학급을 대상으로 운영하고 전통적인 수업을 실시한 비교집단과 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개념도활용 수업과 전통적인 수업이 과학성취도에 미치는 효과를 검증한 결과, 개념도 활용 수업이 전통적인 과학수업에 비해 학생들의 과학성취도에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 학습능력 수준에 따라 두 가지 수업의 효과를 비교한 결과, 학습능력이 높은 학습자보다 학습능력이 중 ${\cdot}$ 하위 수준의 학생들에게 더 효과적인 것으로 밝혀졌으며 개념도에서 위계가 분명한 학습내용일수록 개념도 활용 수업이 더 효과적이었다. 둘째, 개념도 활용 수업과 전통적인 수업이 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 효과를 검증한 결과, ‘과학적 탐구에 대한 태도’ 범주와 ‘과학적 태도의 적용’ 범주에서는 개념도 활용 수업이 전통적인 수업보다 더 효과적이었다. 반면에 ‘과학수업의 즐거움’ 범주에서는 개념도 활용 수업과 전통적 수업의 효과에 차이가 나타나지 않아 개념도 작성에 대한 학습자들의 심리적인 부담을 반영해주었다. 셋째, 개념도 활용 수업 집단에 대한 설문 조사 결과 개념도 수업에 대한 학습자들의 인식은 전체적으로 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 하위 영역 별로 살펴보면 개념도 활용 수업이 학습내용의 이해 증진면에서 유리한 것으로 평가하였으며 학생이 작성한 개념도를 통해 수업 내용에 대한 확인이 용이하기 때문 평가도구로 활용가치가 높은 것으로 인식하였다. 파지력면에서 개념도는 배운 내용을 확인하고, 기억하는데 유용한 것으로 인식하였으나 활동성면과 흥미면에서는 다른 영역점수 보다 낮게 나타났다.가 1.2 mM, 1.8 mM인 경우 배양 14일에 염기성 인산분해효소의 활성도가 유의하게 증가하였으나, 2.5 mM인 경우 활성도가 감소하였다. 4. II-1 ${\beta}$의 활성도는 카페인을 단독 처리한 경우 0.2 mM, 1.0 mM에서, 칼슘 단독 처리시에는 1.8 mM에서, 혼합 처리시 0.1 mM 카페인과 1.8 mM 칼슘 혼합 처리한 경우 높게 나타났고, 고농도의 카페인, 칼슘 혼합 처리 시에는 낮게 나타났다 이러한 실험 결과를 통하여 칼슘이 1.2 mM, 1.8 mM 농도로 존재하는 경우 카페인에 의한 골모세포의 염기성 인산분해효소 활성과 IL-1 ${\beta}$의 활성 억제 효과가 어느 정도 회복되나, 2.5 mM 고농도의 칼슘은 억제된 활성을 회복시키지 못함을 확인하였다.지 않고 다양한 분야 즉 디자인, 생활 속에서의 벽지문양과 포장지, 예술작품 등에 활용되고 있음을 체험함으로써 수학이 실생활에 광범위하게 활용되고 있음을 알게 하였다. 역으로 생활 속에서의 테셀레이션을 통해 수학적 개념을 찾는 과정을 통해 수학이 아름다우면서도 실용적이라는 생각을 심어줄 수 있었다. 셋째, 테셀매니아, GSP, 캐브리, 거북기하 등 평소 수업에서는 활용도가 적은 컴퓨터 소프트웨어를 활용함으로써 컴퓨터 소프트웨어 자체에서 오는 호기심뿐만이 아니라 직접 조작하여 테셀레이션 작품과 개념을 익히고 새로운 작품과 학습을 해 내는 과정을 통해 자신감과 성취감 등에 있어 큰 변화가 있음을 발견할 수 있었다. 컴퓨터 기능이 미숙한 학생의 경우 처음에는 당황해 하고 어려워하는 부분도 있었으나 조작할 시간적 여유를 주고 교사와 우수한 학생들이 도우미로서 역할을 잘해내어 나중에는 큰 어려움 없이 마칠 수 있었다. 테셀레이션이라는 용어가 아직은 생소한 현장에서 교수 학습 자료가 부족하고 그에 따른 이해도 부족한

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to suggest how we can get over the difficulties of practical drill under experimentation concerning the units of making clothes in the curriculum of home economics. The import of this study was based on the results of the preceding studies the field of the making Korean clothes, from the standpoint of the teaching tools and teaching materials by the use of VTR, is one of the most insufficient. On the one hand, the teaching procedure here a VTR, running 34 minutes or so, was made up with the process of making Korean men’s slacks, and was led by the researcher’s own. The contents of the lesson are as follows： the shape of Korean clothes, the name of each part, the process of drawing, cutting and sewing, and the items of evaluation and arrangement. On the other hand, the two comparative groups were made to compare one with the other： One group was taught by help of VTR media, and the other by the model performance and explanation of the instructor’s own. All of the statistical data were analyzed in terms of SPSS/PC, and t-verification was made, to make difference between the two, after standard deviation was calculated according to the classified domains. The consequences of the test research are shown as below： 1. The difference of understanding was obviously made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in understanding to process of making Korean clothes. 2. The difference of skill was highly made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the practical drill of making Korean clothes. 3. The difference of interests was evidentally made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the stage of making Koran clothes. Such means that the motivation and attitude of the learners was made stimulate by the Audio-Visual material than by the traditional cramming method. 4. The difference of frequency was fairly made in considering that the experimeatal group made a better score than the comparative one in the frequency of individual teaching. 5. The difference of the efficiency of time-consumption was clearly made in considering that the experimental group made a better score than the comparative one. As the results of the research above, the medium of VTR proved to more effective to the achievement of schoolwork and the strategies of teaching. Therefore, more use of VTR media will help the instructors with the difficulties of practical drill in the whole process of making Korean clothes； Widely use of VTR media in teaching will be surely more fruitfull to the unit of making Korean clothes than teaching by explanation.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to analyze the development of a teaching and learning curriculum contributing to the development of self-identity, one of the most important developmental tasks during adolescence, and its effectiveness. This research analyzed the contents concerning self-identity and its subordinate concepts in 12 different technology and home economics textbooks for 7th graders. Based on the analysis, a teaching and learning curriculum contributing to the development of adolescents’' self-identity was developed and applied to classes through discretional creative activities. The effectiveness of the curriculum was analyzed by conducting a survey on the students before and after its application. Assessments were also conducted on the lessons applied. As a result, the lessons designed to help the development of self-identity increased the scores of self-identity, as well as all subordinate concepts, including subjectivity, self-acceptance, future planning, intimacy, stability and uniqueness. An ANCOVA analysis was conducted in order to determine whether the enhanced results of the survey after the classes were due to the application of the curriculum. It was found that the classes proved helpful to the students as the application of the curriculum remained effective even after the other influencing factors affecting selfidentity were controlled.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2002

이 연구의 목적은 포트폴리오를 과학 수업에 적용했을 때, 학생들의 과학 개념의 조직과 양에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 조사하는 것이다. 경기도 평택시 한 초등학교 4학년 2개 학급을 선정하고 실험반과 비교반으로 나누어, 실험반에는 포트폴리오를 이용한 수업을, 그리고 비교반에는 일반 수업을 실시하였다. 포트폴리오의 적용 효과는, 학생들의 마인드맵을 이용하여 조사하였다. 참여한 학생들은 마인드맵 작성을 위한 기초훈련을 거친 후에 지층과 화석, 열과 물체의 변화 단원을 학습하는 동안 4번의 마인드맵을 작성하였다. 마인드맵을 채점하여, 그 결과를 SPSS를 이용하여 기술통계 분석과 t-검정을 실시하였다. 포트폴리오를 적용한 학급은 비교집단에 비하여 개념의 조직과 양에서 통계적으로 매우 의미있는 긍정적인 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 포트폴리오를 적용한 학급의 학생들이 그렇지 않은 학급의 학생들보다 개념을 균형있고 위계적으로 조직하고, 학습한 개념의 양도 더 풍부함을 알 수 있다.