• 무역학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2020

This study aims to analyze the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction, which was launched on January 1, 2015. First, as a groundwork, this study reviewed trade creation and trade diversion by investigating all possible cases of both initial FTA and additional FTA. The review was done by using the simple model of three countries assuming FTA means elimination of tariff. The review suggested that additional FTA doesn't have any negative impact on import country's social welfare contrary to initial FTA. In additional FTA, Trade diversion could happen between FTA partner countries, but it always increases import country's social welfare. In this sense, it can be called favorable trade diversion. Second, this study analyzed the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA using Clausing's product level model based on Canadian government import data from Korea which is not open to the public. It turned out that Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction boosted Canadian import growth rate from Korea. On the other hand, Canadian import growth rate from rest of the world was not negatively affected by Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction. Rather, it increased as Canadian import growth rate from Korea was higher. These findings implied trade creation rather than trade diversion of Korea-Canada FTA when it comes to Korea's export to Canada.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.145-165
• /
• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies and solutions for entering China in the tariff and non-tariff sectors of the cosmetic industry. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed the import tariff rate of cosmetics in China, and analyzed the export cost by actually interviewing the exporting companies to derive the economic effect of non-tariff measures. Findings - First, We proposed the use of the FTA business model (basic cosmetics), the use of Korea-China FTA tariffs (foam cleansing, toothpaste), and the use of APTA tariffs (perfume). Second, We proposed cooperation between the governments to facilitate customs clearance procedures and improvement of FTA awareness among corporate practitioners. Third, We proposed the expansion and support of the AEO MRA system and the expansion of Korea-China MOU conclusions regarding the certification system, and the international standardization of domestic licensing system and technical conditions. Fourth, We proposed the use of government-supported projects related to obtaining overseas certifications and overseas expansion through collaboration with the same industry. Research implications or Originality - HS3304 products excluded from the Korea-China FTA should take full advantage of the FTA business model. In addition, the non-tariff measure costs are fixed costs per year, so the ratio decreases as the number of exports and export volume increases.

• 한국항공운항학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2021

This study aims to identify the representative factors affecting the air trade between the two countries over the past 20 years, targeting China, Korea's largest trading partner for air transport. In the analysis, the two countries' GDP, GDP per capita, and tariff rates, as well as exchange rates, international oil prices, and FTAs were used as variables. For the analysis method, OLS multiple regression analysis was performed, and each was analyzed by dividing the export amount, import amount, and trade amount. As a result of the analysis, China's GDP and Korea's GDP per capita showed a positive (+) direction, an increase in the exchange rate resulted in an increase in the amount of trade, and an increase in the tariff rate resulted in a decrease in the amount of trade. Whether the FTA was concluded or not acted as a factor in increasing the amount of trade between the two countries.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.165-181
• /
• 2005

The health industry of China is faster than before, so it will be rank 5th at world-wide markets in 2010. Firstly, the custom tariff was lower at 15% in 2000 and at 10.4% on June 2005. And, it will be lower into 9.8% in 2010. Secondly, this is because of expansion of purchase power on increase in economic growth, extended human life expectancy. As it is entered the WTO in January 2002, it will positively affect on export of Korea for China. This paper focuses on the analysis of export increase caused by reduction of custom tariff in China. As above mentioned, the time schedule on average reduction of custom tariff was 15% in 2000, 10.4% in 2005. Then, it will be lower into 9.8% in 2010. As the empirical test related health industry, it presents 19.80% export increase rate for China of Korea on reduction of custom tariff from 2001 to 2010. The exporting of drug for China will be up to 17.85% for 10 years. Also, the exporting of Biomedical will be up to 20.99%, and respectively 22.95%, 22.60% in Cosmetics and food industry. Conclusionally, the exporting of this health industry will be increase greatly, compared with any other industries. So, it is necessary that firms increase in R&D investment and government support as policy for health industry.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제67권10호
• /
• pp.1278-1285
• /
• 2018

For saving electricity bill, energy storage system(ESS) is being installed in factories, public building and commercial building with a Time-of-Use(TOU) tariff which consists of demand charge(KRW/kW) and energy charge(KRW/kWh). However, both of peak reduction and ESS special tariff are not considered in an analysis of initial cost payback period(ICPP) on ESS. Since it is difficult to reflect base rate by an amount of uncertain peak demand reduction during mid-peak and on-peak periods in the future days. Therefore, the ICPP on ESS can be increased. Based on this background, this paper presents the advanced analysis method for the ICPP on ESS. In the proposed algorithm, the representative days of monthly electricity consumption pattern for the amount of peak reduction can be found by the k­means clustering algorithm. Moreover, the total expected energy costs of representative days are minimized by optimal daily ESS operation considering both peak reduction and the special tariff through a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). And then, the amount of peak reduction becomes a value that the sum of the expected energy costs for 12 months is maximum. The annual benefit cost is decided by the amount of annual peak reduction. Two simulation cases are considered in this study, which one only considers the special tariff and another considers both of the special tariff and amount of peak reduction. The ICPP in the proposed method is shortened by 18 months compared to the conventional method.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.303-328
• /
• 2009

MERCOSUR, which is the biggest economic community in the Latin America, has great potential as Korea's export market with 220 million population and 2.8 trillion$ GDP. In the midst of global economic crises, the importance of MERCOSUR is highlighted with relatively sound economic growth. The average tariff rate of MERCOSUR is 10.4~12.2% which is almost same as that of Korea(12.2%), but the tariff rates on Korea's main export items such as auto, display, digital camera, mobile phone are as high as 20~30%, which means that Korea-MERCOSUR FTA will result in substantial growth of Korea's export. In pursuing Korea-MERCOSUR FTA, cooperations in natural resources, agriculture, mid-sized aircraft, construction and green energy as well as liberalization of commodity market are very important for Korea. To realize Korea-MERCOSUR FTA, it is essential to overcome the objections from the manufacturing sectors of MERCOSUR. So it is desirable to aim relatively low in terms of the level of liberalization at the beginning, and expand corporate and industrial cooperation between Korea and MERCOSUR's manufacturing industries.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한안전경영과학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2003

The drug industry of China is faster than before, so it will rank 5$^{th}$ at world-wide markets in 2010. This is because of expansion of purchase power on increase in economic growth, extended human life expectancy. As it is entered the WTO in January 2002, it will positively affect on export of Korea for China. This paper focuses on the analysis of export increase caused by reduction of custom tariff in China. The time schedule on average reduction of custom tariff is 15% in 2000, 10% in 2005, 5% in 2010. As the empirical test, it presents 8.48% export increase rate for China of Korea on reduction of custom tariff.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권8호
• /
• pp.213-224
• /
• 2020

The study assesses the impact of trade liberalization factors on changes in customs revenues in Vietnam. Research data was conducted between 2002 and 2017 on the official website of the Government's Web Portal and The World Bank. This paper uses the vector error correction model to estimate the short-term and long term relationship between data series. The results have proven that tariff reductions have a positive effect on short-term and long-term customs revenues in Vietnam. However, the implementation of other international commitments on trade liberalization has positive short-term and long-term negative impacts on customs revenues in Vietnam. The study's results also show that exchange rate has no effect on changes in customs revenues in the short term but it has a strong impact on increasing customs revenues in the long run. Based on these findings, the article also suggests a number of policies to ensure customs revenues in Vietnam in future. In order to ensure customs revenues, the government of Vietnam should: (1) having some policy to improve the efficiency of customs management in Vietnam; (2) Building appropriate VND exchange rate policy; (3) Establishing reasonable non - tariff barriers to prevent fraud and ovations cause losses in customs revenues.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 추계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.740-743
• /
• 2002

국내의 초고속인터넷서비스의 요금제는 정액요금제로 초기 인터넷서비스의 이용활성화에 크게 기여하였다. 하지만 가입자가 920만을 넘어서면서 포화점에 이르러 시장성숙기에 접어들면서 소량이용자의 대량이용자의 요금보조, 대량이용자의 인터넷 과용으로 인한 네트워크자원배분의 비효율성 등 정액요금제의 문제점들이 노출되기 시작하였다. 이에 효율적인 요금체계의 모색이 요구되어지는 바 종량형 요금제를 도입ㆍ시행하고 있는 호주, 벨기에, 오스트리아 둥의 초고속인터넷서비스 요금체제 및 전략을 고찰함으로써 국내 초고속인터넷서비스의 요금전략에 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.289-305
• /
• 2019

Recently, each country has been using non-tariff barriers (Non-Tariff Barriers, NTB) as a new protection trade policy. In particular, TBT lies at the center of NTB. In this context, we examine the impact of Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Korea's exports to ASEAN. Using 10-year statistics from 2007 to 2016 that came into effect with the ASEAN FTA, we analyze the impact of TBT on the Korean exports in the electrical machinery industry (HS85), which accounts for more than 30 percent of Korea's total exports to ASEAN. The results of the empirical analysis using a gravity model showed significant and positive effects in the variables of GDP and real effective exchange rate in each ASEAN country on Korea's exports to ASEAN. As expected, the tariff rate has a negative effect. As for TBT, the key variable of this study, the results are as follows. Although many previous studies reported that TBT has negative impacts on exports, this study could not find any significant impact of TBT and found that Korea's exports of electrical machinery to ASEAN countries are not affected by TBT. Various implications of these results are suggested.