• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2014

Epidural adhesions cause pain by interfering with the free movement of the spinal nerves and increasing neural sensitivity as a consequence of neural compression. To remove adhesions and deliver injected drugs to target sites, percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis (PEA) is performed in patients who are unresponsive to conservative treatments. We describe four patients who were treated with a newly developed inflatable balloon catheter for more effective PEA and relief of stenosis. In the present patients, treatments with repetitive epidural steroid injection and/or PEA with the Racz catheter or the NaviCath did not yield long-lasting effects or functional improvements. However, PEA and decompression with the inflatable balloon catheter led to maintenance of pain relief for more than seven months and improvements in the functional status with increases in the walking distance. The present case series suggests that the inflatable balloon catheter may be an effective alternative to performing PEA when conventional methods fail to remove adhesions or sufficiently relieve stenosis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2000

The HS/GC/MS method was performed to analyze the volatile organic compounds in waste sludge samples. This study was performed to establish the fundamental data by studying the effects of salt, equilibrium temperature and time in the volatile organic compounds analysis. The presence of salts have been found to increase the sensitivity. The peak area is increased from 1.07 to 2.61 times by adding the salts to the water sample, compared with a salt tree sample. The recoveries of target compounds have found between 90% and 127% at sample temperature of $85^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. This HS/GC/MS method can be applied to analyze the volatile organic compounds and organohalo compounds in the environmental matrix.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.178-190
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to make reference for geometric fashion by investigating geometric patterns by linear types and to propose high value added print and fashion design by designing and producing geometric prints and apparel with them focusing on digital textile printing. As a method of the study, visual and textural data were investigated for theory of geometric pattern and fashion design samples were illustrated. The geometric pattern could be defined as abstract pattern which was crossed with straight line or curve. We could group it into three classes such as straight linear, curved, and mixed type. Images varied with linear types. The image of straight linear type was sharp and modern, that of curved one was soft and feminine and that of mixed one was gorgeous and artistic. And then, 3 geometric prints and 3 one-pieces were designed. The concept of design was simple optimism which was based on sixties. Target was young optimistic women group from the mid teens to the mid twenties who continued to seek after their unique individuality keeping their modern lifestyle. Geometric patterns with straight linear, curved, and mixed type were designed and dresses which went well with them were designed and produced. According to the result of this study, images of geometric fashion can be represented diversely by varying linear type, digital textile printing is good method for high value added geometric fashion because of its high quality and degree of sensitivity, and geometric pattern is a good source for contemporary fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2010

In a split beam echo sounder, the transducer design needs to have minimal side lobes because the angular position and level of the side lobes establishes the usable signal level and phase angle limits for determining target strength. In order to suppress effectively the generation of unwanted side lobes in the directivity pattern of split beam transducer, the spacing and size of the transducer elements need to be controlled less than half of a wavelength. With this purpose, a 50 kHz tonpilz type transducer with a half-wavelength diameter in relation to the development of a split beam transducer was designed using the equivalent circuit model, and the underwater performance characteristics were measured and analyzed. From the in-air and in-water impedance responses, the measured value of the electro-acoustic conversion efficiency for the designed transducer was 51.6%. A maximum transmitting voltage response (TVR) value of 172.25dB re $1{\mu}Pa/V$ at 1m was achieved at 52.92kHz with a specially designed matching network and the quality factor was 10.3 with the transmitting bandwidth of 5.14kHz. A maximum receiving sensitivity (SRT) of -183.57dB re $1V/{\mu}Pa$ was measured at 51.45kHz and the receiving bandwidth at -3dB was 1.71kHz. These results suggest that the designed tonpilz type transducer can be effectively used in the development of a split beam transducer for a 50kHz fish sizing echo sounder.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.126-133
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• 2009

This study examined the relationship of what kind of creative thinking has as factors for emotion design products for consumers focusing on the successful cases of emotion products. For the design creativity attribute used in this experiment, the design evaluation creativity tools revealed in Kim Eun-Ju's 2007 design creativity evaluation tool development were used mostly MP3s, which have various forms, functions and sizes were selected as the target for experiment. Results of the experiment showed that for design creativeness items for MP3 as single products, uniqueness, favorableness and convenience were relevant. Accordingly, the common features of design creativeness items for emotional products were identified. According to the result, for emotional designs, the interest level of uniqueness for the design creativity evaluation items and the functional items for practicality had a high relativity. Therefore, there is a need to examine the common features between the design creativity items for products other than MP3s in the future.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.8
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• pp.145-162
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• 2009

Space is a phenomenon which is formed in the connection between environment and human beings and public space is built by a complex phenomenon of space. Each and every individual is connected to an environment and these individuals are connected to one another. A public commemorative space means souvenir and memorial which is designed for special purpose of remembrance of a specific area. One of the purposes of public commemorative space is memorial and that is the reason of doing public relation and educating citizens over the transom. However, the meaning and value of commemorative subject cannot be delivered or stuffed one-sidely. The target who receives messages from public commemorative space has reinterpreted the messages of his own with his personal experience, knowledge and sensitivity. It results in an unexpected phenomenon of public commemorative space. Therefore, public commemorative space should be considered in a mutual communication structure rather than a purpose of memorial itself. Korean public commemorative space is focused on public relation and education for memorial. In other words, Korean public commemorative space is neglected its important possibility of the productive chapter of mutual communication. The mutual communication structure of public commemorative space which is based on variety and haecceity is ripped up by the message over the transom. It destroys the self-control and creativity of public commemorative space, and derives a negative result. By studying the function and meaning of public commemorative space, we should make the best use of it.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.813-821
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• 2018

The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process in the steel industry is highly complicated, and subject to variations in raw material composition. During the BOF steelmaking process, it is essential to maintain the carbon content and the endpoint temperature at their set points in the liquid steel. This paper presents intelligent models used to estimate the endpoint temperature in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process. An artificial neural network (ANN) model and a least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model are proposed and their estimation performance compared. The classical partial least-squares (PLS) method was also compared with the others. Results of the estimations using the ANN, LSSVM and PLS models were compared with the operation data, and the root-mean square error (RMSE) for each model was calculated to evaluate estimation performance. The RMSE of the LSSVM model 15.91, which turned out to be the best estimation. RMSE values for the ANN and PLS models were 17.24 and 21.31, respectively, indicating their relative estimation performance. The essential input parameters used in the models can be selected by sensitivity analysis. The RMSE for each model was calculated again after a sequential input selection process was used to remove insignificant input parameters. The RMSE of the LSSVM was then 13.21, which is better than the previous RMSE with all 16 parameters. The results show that LSSVM model using 13 input parameters can be utilized to calculate the required values for oxygen volume and coolant needed to optimally adjust the steel target temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.204-204
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• 2016

Thailand had set the National Water Management Strategy which covered main six areas in the next 12 years, i.e., by priority: (1) water for household, (2) water for agricultural and industrial production, (3) water for flood and drought management, (4) water for quality issue, (5) water from forest conservation and soil erosion protection, (6) water resources management. However due to the climate change impact, there is a question for all strategies is whether to complete this mission under future climate change. If the impact affects our target, we have to clarify how to mitigate or to adapt with it. Vulnerability assessment was conducted under the framework of ADB's (with the parameters of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) and the assessments were classified into groups due to their different characteristic and the framework of the National Water Management Strategy, i.e., water supply (rural and urban), water for development (agriculture and others), water disasters (floods (flash, overflow), drought, water quality). The assessments identified the parameters concerned and weight factors used for each groups via expert group discussions and by using GIS mapping technology, the vulnerability maps were produced. The maps were verified with present water situation data (floods, drought, water quality). From the analysis result of this water resources management strategy, we found that 30% of all projects face the big impacts, 40% with low impact, and 30% for no impact. It is clear that water-related agencies have to carefully take care approximately 70% of future projects to meet water resources management strategy. It is recommended that additional issues should be addressed to mitigate the impact from climate risk on water resource management of the country, i.e., water resources management under new risk based on development scenarios, relationship with area-based problems, priority definition by viewpoints of risk, vulnerability (impact and occurrence probability in past and future), water management system in emergency case and water reserve system, use of information, knowledge and technology in management, network cooperation and exchange of experiences, knowledge, technique for sustainable development with mitigation and adaptation, education and communication systems in risk, new impact, and emergency-reserve system. These issues will be described and discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.691-697
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• 2021

Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (Vp_AHPND) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) are the two most important pathogens in shrimp aquaculture and they have caused enormous losses to the shrimp industry worldwide. In ponds, the major target organ for the two pathogens is the hepatopancreas, and infection with EHP is a known potential risk factor for Vp_AHPND infection. This study aimed to develop a PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based diagnostic method for simultaneously detecting Vp_AHPND and EHP. The newly developed PCR diagnostic method could be used to test various samples, such as seawater, shrimp, and feces. The diagnostic method exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for both pathogens. This will help reduce the potential economic losses that may have been caused by the two major shrimp pathogens, Vp_AHPND and EHP, and will allow for the efforts and time spent combatting them to be dedicated elsewhere.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.42.1-42.9
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• 2020

Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a powerful technology to profile the location of proteins of interest on a whole-genome scale. To identify the enrichment location of proteins, many programs and algorithms have been proposed. However, none of the commonly used peak calling programs could accurately explain the binding features of target proteins detected by ChIP-Seq. Here, publicly available data on 12 histone modifications, including H3K4ac/me1/me2/me3, H3K9ac/me3, H3K27ac/me3, H3K36me3, H3K56ac, and H3K79me1/me2, generated from a human embryonic stem cell line (H1), were profiled with five peak callers (CisGenome, MACS1, MACS2, PeakSeq, and SISSRs). The performance of the peak calling programs was compared in terms of reproducibility between replicates, examination of enriched regions to variable sequencing depths, the specificity-to-noise signal, and sensitivity of peak prediction. There were no major differences among peak callers when analyzing point source histone modifications. The peak calling results from histone modifications with low fidelity, such as H3K4ac, H3K56ac, and H3K79me1/me2, showed low performance in all parameters, which indicates that their peak positions might not be located accurately. Our comparative results could provide a helpful guide to choose a suitable peak calling program for specific histone modifications.