• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2018

This tutorial reviews the principles of dose individualisation with an emphasis on target concentration intervention (TCI). Once a target effect is chosen then pharmacodynamics can predict the target concentration and pharmacokinetics can predict the target dose to achieve the required response. Dose individualisation can be considered at three levels: population, group and individual. Population dosing, also known as fixed dosing or "one size fits all" is often used but is poor clinical pharmacology; group dosing uses patient features such as weight, organ function and comedication to adjust the dose for a typical patient; individual dosing uses observations of patient response to inform about pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics in the individual and use these individual differences to individualise dose.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.10.1-10.10
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper was to review the problems relating to Korea's occupational health services and suggest ways to improve them. Korea can be classified as a welfare state type of conservative corporatism partially interwoven with liberalism. While experiencing compressed economic growth, the economic sectors of developed (excess areas) and developing (deficient areas) countries are interwoven. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect conservative corporatism along with a complementary reinforcement of liberal contents and to apply a multilayered approach focusing on complementing the deficient areas. It is essential to form a national representative indicator related to occupational health, and a strategy for selection and concentration is needed. The proposed central indicator is the occupational health coverage rate (OHCR), which is the number of workers who have applied for mandatory occupational health services under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in the numerator with the total working population in the denominator. This paper proposes ways to raise the OHCR, which is currently at the level of 25%-40%, to 70%-80%, which is the level of Japan, Germany, and France. To achieve this target, it is necessary to focus on small businesses and vulnerable workers. This is an area of market failure and requires the active input of community-oriented public resources. For access to larger workplaces, the marketability of services should be strengthened and personal intervention using digital health resources should be actively attempted. Taking a national perspective, work environment improvement committees with tripartite (labor, management, and government) participation for improvement of the working environment need to be established at the center and in the regions. Through this, prevention funds linked to industrial accident compensation and prevention could be used efficiently. A national chemical substance management system must be established to monitor the health of workers and the general public.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2023

목적 : 본 연구는 구강감각의 감각조절장애가 있는 발달지연 아동을 대상으로 구강활동을 포함한 감각통합 치료를 적용하여 침 흘림과 구강장난감을 활용한 놀이에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구대상은 2세 8개월의 구강감각의 감각조절장애가 있는 발달지연 남아 2명이었다. 단일대상연구 ABA' 중 대상자간 중다기초설계(multiple-baseline design across subjects)를 사용하였다. 목표행동은 목표성취도 척도(Goal Attainment Scale; GAS)를 사용하여 침 흘림과 구강 장난감을 활용한 놀이 대한 관심과 집중으로 측정하였다. 중재기(B) 10회기 동안 구강활동과 고유-전정 중심의 감각통합치료를 아동에게 적용하였다. 결과 : 침 흘림은 기초선 기간에 평균 목표행동 값(GAS)이 A 아동 0.25점, B 아동-0.5점에서 중재 기간에는 A 아동 1.88점, B 아동 1.4점으로 향상했고 유지기 동안 평균은 A, B 아동 모두 3점이었다. 놀이에 대한 기초선 기간에 평균 목표행동 값은 A 아동은 -0.75점, B 아동은 0.75점에서 중재 기간 A 아동은 1.9점, B 아동은 1.1점이었고 유지기 동안 평균은 A 아동 1.33점, B 아동 2점이었다. 결론 : 구강활동을 포함한 고유-전정감각 중심의 감각통합치료는 구강감각의 감각조절문제가 있는 아동에게 침 흘림과 구강장난감을 활용한 놀이에 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.476-482
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• 2020

벼 농사에서 마릅으로 불리는 올방개는 문제의 잡초 종류 중 하나로서 제초 작용의 대상이다. 하지만, 올방개는 임상적으로 황달, 해열 및 통경을 위한 전통 의학에 쓰여왔다. 올방개는 오랫동안 임상적으로 사용되어왔음에도 불구하고, 분자생물학 기반의 생물학적 효과는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 때문에, 본 연구진은 LPS로 유도된 대식세포 내에서 올방개 추출물 처리에 의한 NO 생산량을 스크리닝 함으로써 항염증 효과를 조사했다. 가장 효과적인 항염증 fraction을 찾기 위해, 본 연구진은 HP20 column chromatography를 이용하여 5 종류의 EtOH sub-fraction을 동정하였다; 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 및 100% EtOH. 동정한 sub-fraction 중에서, 60%와 80% 성분에서 가장 유의성 있는 NO 생산의 저해를 나타냈으며, 세포독성 효과도 나타내지 않는 결과를 나타냈다. 추가적으로 80% sub-fraction은 유의성 있는 iNOS 저해와 전염증성 매개체의 mRNA; IL-6, TNF-α, 그리고 IL-1β를 저해하였으며, 이 결과는 MAPKs 세포신호전달과 관련 있는 JNK 및 ERK 단백질의 인산화 저해가 원인임을 밝혔다. 본 연구진의 결과는 올방개 추출물 80% sub-fraction EtOH가 항염증 활성을 가장 효과적으로 저해하는 성분 임을 밝혔으며, 이는 MAPKs 세포신호전달의 과 발현에 의한 염증성 질병의 치료제 후보 성분 일 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2012

The mechanisms of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling have been the focus of extensive studies because TLRs are the target of therapeutic intervention on multiple diseases. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory potential of Vigna angularis (azuki bean) on the TLR signaling. The effect of Vigna angularis extract (JSD) on TLR activation was investigated by assessing NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 inducible secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) activity. JSD significantly inhibited SEAP activity induced by poly I:C (TLR3 ligand) and poly I (TLR7 ligand) in a dose-dependent manner at concentration below 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ with no sign of cytotoxicity. Pretreatment of JSD markedly suppressed mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesive molecules such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, RANTES, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 induced by TLR ligands. It also diminished the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ kinase and $I{\kappa}B$, and followed by $I{\kappa}B$-mediated nuclear translocation of p50, p65, and phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and IRF signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that Vigna angularis has inhibitory activity on TLR-3 and -7 signaling and it can be further developed as a remedy in curing TLR-related multiple diseases.