• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint torque of triple segmental system in golf driver swing. For this purpose, joint torque were calculated. In order to determine the load on the lumbar region, a triple segmental system was set for wrist, left shoulder and lumbar, torque working on the lumbar region were estimated. For this study, a total of 7 professional golfers were sampled, and then, their driver swings were recorded with two high-speed digital video cameras (180 frames/sec.) to be synthesized into 3-dimensional images and coordinated. Then, Eular's equation was used to produce some kinematic data, which were used to calculate joint torque with Newton's function. All data were calculated using LabVIEW 6.1 graphic program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; It was found that the joint torque was generated in the direction opposite the target on wrist and shoulder during down swing, while in the direction towards the target on the lumbar region. During impact and release, the torque on the wrist joint was converted from the direction opposite the target to the direction towards the target, while the torque on the lumbar region was generated vice versa. The joints on the club-arm-shoulder were generated in the opposite direction at the beginning of down swing when the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to be generated, and then, the torque on the thorax-pelvis began to lower, while that on the club-arm-shoulder began to increase. Thus, a rapid decrease of the torque on the lumbar region linked to the low trunk acted to increase moment and joint torque on the arm-club region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.132-135
• /
• 2004

In this study, we investigated the effect of threshold on a delivered dose in organ with internal motion by respiration. With mathematic model for 3D dose calculation reported by Lujan et al., we had calculated the position of organ as a function of time in previous study. This result presented that the variation of organ is within 2 mm from initial exhale position to the organ position during operating 1 s. Gating threshold, in this study, is determined to the moving region of target during 1s at a primary position of exhale. This period of gating threshold is 50% of the duty cycle in a half breathing cycle which is period from the top position of exhalation to the bottom position of inhalation. Radiation fields were then delivered under three conditions; 1) existent of moving target in the region of threshold(1sec, 1.5sec), 2) existent of moving target out of the region of threshold, 3) non-moving target. The non-moving target delivery represents a dose different induced due to internal organ motion.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.756-763
• /
• 2013

Bilateral filter (BF), functioning by two Gaussian filters, domain and range filter is a nonlinear filter for sharpness enhancement and noise removal. In infrared (IR) small target detection field, the BF is designed by background predictor for predicting background not including small target. For this, the standard deviations of the two Gaussian filters need to be changed adaptively in background and target region of an infrared image. In this paper, the proposed bilateral filter make the standard deviations changed adaptively, using variance feature of mean values of surrounding block neighboring local filter window. And, in case the variance of mean values for surrounding blocks is low for any processed pixel, the pixel is classified to flat background and target region for enhancing background prediction. On the other hand, any pixel with high variance for surrounding blocks is classified to edge region. Small target can be detected by subtracting predicted background from original image. In experimental results, we confirmed that the proposed bilateral filter has superior target detection rate, compared with existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2002

It is useful to detect the tracking error with an optimal view in the presence of measurement origin uncertainty. In this paper, after the investigation of the targer error dependent on the detection threshold as well as the detection and false alarm probabilities in a clutter environment, a new algorothm that optimizes the threshold of validation region for target trackinf is proposed. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through computer simulations.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2004

The plasma properties in the facing target sputtering system during carbon nitride film deposition have been investigated. The ionized nitrogen species of the deposited films increased with increasing discharge current and were independent of the nitrogen pressure. The nitrogen content in the films did not vary significantly with the variation of nitrogen gas. The electron temperature was high close to that in the inter-cathode region, reduced as the electrons moved away from the most intense region of magnetic confinement and increased again outside this region. Calculations based on the film composition showed that the ion to carbon atom ratio at the substrate was about 50 and that the ratio between the ionized and neutral nitrogen molecules was about 0.25.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2022

Visual tracking of selected target objects is fundamental challenging problems in computer vision. Object tracking localize the region of target object with bounding box in the video. We propose a Siam-FPN based custom fully CNN to solve visual tracking problems by regressing the target area in an end-to-end manner. A method of preserving the feature information flow using a feature map connection structure was applied. In this way, information is preserved and emphasized across the network. To regress object region and to classify object, the region proposal network was connected with the Siamese network. The performance of the tracking algorithm was evaluated using the OTB-100 dataset. Success Plot and Precision Plot were used as evaluation matrix. As a result of the experiment, 0.621 in Success Plot and 0.838 in Precision Plot were achieved.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.1587-1592
• /
• 2007

Locus control region (LCR) is a cia-acting element which regulates the transcription of genes in developmental stage and/or tissue-specific pattern. Typically, LCR consists of several DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs), where the binding motifs for transcriptional activators are present. The binding of activators to the HSs recruits chromatin modifying complexes to the LCR, opening chromatin structure and modifying histones covalently through the locus. LCR forms close physical contact with target gene located at a distance by looping away intervening region. In addition, non-coding RNA is transcribed from LCR toward target genes in continuously acetylated active domain. These structural and functional features of LCR suggest that the LCR plays many roles in chromatin activation and transcriptional regulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
• /
• 2002.09a
• /
• pp.214-215
• /
• 2002

Generally uniform dose distribution is assumed to be formed in a target region when a conventional dose formation method using a broad proton beam, a fixed modulation technique, a bolus and an aperture is employed. However, actual situations differ. We usually find non-uniformity in the target region. This is due to the insertion of a range-compensating bolus before the patient. Since the range-compensating bolus has an irregular shape, the scattering in the bolus depends on the lateral position. Dose distribution is overlapping results of dose distribution of pencil-proton beams traversing different lateral positions of the bolus. The lateral extent of dose distribution of each pencil beam traversing the different position differs each other at the same depth in the target object. This is a cause of the non-uniformity of the dose distribution. Therefore the same lateral extent of dose distribution should be attained for different pencil beams at the same depth to obtain a uniform dose distribution. For that purpose, we propose here a bi-material bolus. The bi-material bolus consists of a low-Z material determining mainly the range loss and a high-Z material defining mainly the scattering in the bolus. After passing through the bi-material bolus, protons traversing different lateral positions will have different residual range yet with the same lateral spread at a certain depth. Using the optimized bi-material bolus, we can obtain a more uniform dose distribution in the target region as expected.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.2302-2316
• /
• 2015

We propose an efficient method of extracting targets within a region of interest in non-homogeneous infrared images by using a principal component analysis (PCA) plane and adaptive Gaussian kernel. Existing approaches for extracting targets have been limited to using only the intensity values of the pixels in a target region. However, it is difficult to extract the target regions effectively because the intensity values of the target region are mixed with the background intensity values. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel PCA based approach consisting of three steps. In the first step, we apply a PCA technique minimizing the total least-square errors of an IR image. In the second step, we generate a binary image that consists of pixels with higher values than the plane, and then calculate the second derivative of the sum of the square errors (SDSSE). In the final step, an iteration is performed until the convergence criteria is met, including the SDSSE, angle and labeling value. Therefore, a Gaussian kernel is weighted in addition to the PCA plane with the non-removed data from the previous step. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better segmentation performance than the existing method.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.186-193
• /
• 2018

Background: The aim of our study was to review the findings of health insurance fraud investigations and to evaluate their impacts on medical costs for target and non-target organizations. An interrupted time series study design using generalized estimation equations was used to evaluate changes in cost following fraud investigations. Methods: We used National Health Insurance claims data from 2009 to 2015, which included 20,625 medical institutions (1,614 target organizations and 19,011 non-target organizations). Outcome variable included cost change after fraud investigation. Results: Following the initiation of fraud investigations, we found statistically significant reductions in cost level for target organizations (-1.40%, p<0.001). In addition, a reduction in cost trend change per month was found for both target organizations and non-target organizations after fraud investigation (target organizations, -0.33%; non-target organizations of same region, -0.19%; non-target organizations of other regions, -0.17%). Conclusion: This study suggested that fraud investigations are associated with cost reduction in target organization. We also found similar effects of fraud investigations on health expenditure for non-target organizations located in the same region and in different regions. Our finding suggests that fraud investigations are important in controlling the growth of health expenditure. To maximize the effects of fraud investigation on the growth of health expenditure, more organizations needed to be considered as target organizations.