• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 1999

Toxic effect of landfill leachate on the larvae and juvenile stage of the river puffer fish, Takifugu obscurus, were investigated in order to assess severity of environmental impact of leachate effluent on the general population of estuarine fishes. A short-term toxic experiment was designed to test both laboratory hatched larvae and juveniles (5, 10 and 15 mm in length) and in-situ juveniles (30 and 45 mm in length) using the leachate concentrations between 0 and 16%. Lethal concentrations of 50% mortality ($LC_{50}$) were observed using Spearman-karber Method. 24hr-$LC_{50}$ appeared at the leachate concentrations ranging from 3.03 to 8.57%, 48hr-$LC_{50}$ at 2.73 to 6.21 %, 72hr-$LC_{50}$o at 2.45 to 5.53%, and 96hr-$LC_{50}$ at 2.38 to 4.93%, respectively. Leachate concentrations between 0.69 and 1.51% induced 96hr-$LC_1$. Respiratory frequency was significantly affected even at low leachate concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0% (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the leachate effluents may cause a harmful impact on the physiology of river puffer fish, especially for younger cohorts.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2007

The present experiment was carried out to study the effects of light intensity on growth, survival, caudal fin shape, body composition, skin color and blood component of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus. Four light intensities (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 lx) were tested in duplicates for 60 days. Specific growth rate (SGR), daily feeding rate (FR) and food coefficient (FC) were reduced following to the decrease of light intensity. However in survival rate there was not significantly different among groups. The damage extent of caudal fin was increased in more strong light intensity. In body composition, moisture and crude protein were only significantly difference according to light intensity. In body color, L and a were the highest in 0 lx. In blood analysis, the content of AST, ALT, GLU significantly increased in more powerful the intensity groups. It is concluded that the supplement of low light intensity (e.g. 0 lx) recommended for the commercial scale aquaculture of river puffer in land-based tank without growth and survival retardation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.725-732
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• 2013

To identify the food component characteristics of seven edible pufferfishes (five wild pufferfishes including striped puffer Takifugu xanthopterus; eyespot puffer Takifugu chinensis; purple puffer Takifugu porphyreus; rough-backed puffer Lagocephalus wheeleri; and grass puffer Takifugu niphobles; and two cultured pufferfishes including yellow puffer Takifugu obscurus, and tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes) in Korea, the proximate, fatty/amino acid, chemical and taste compositions were investigated. The proximate compositions were not significantly different among the sampled pufferfishes, whereas grass puffer had lower moisture and crude lipid levels contents, and higher crude protein and ash contents than the other species. The total amino acid levels in wild and cultured pufferfishes were 14,941.6-16,427.9 mg/100 g, and the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine, lysine and arginine. Regarding the fatty acid and mineral compositions, the major fatty acids included 22:6n-3, 16:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3, 18:0, 20:4n-3, and 22:5n-3 in that order, and there was a little difference among the sampled pufferfishes. Grass puffer had a higher monoenes ratio, i.e., 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9, and a lower polyenes ratio than the other pufferfishes. The main minerals detected K, P, Na, S and Ca. Regarding the taste-active compounds, the free amino acid contents of pufferfish extracts were 236.4-428.1 mg/100 g, consisting primarily of taurine, lysine, proline, glycine, alanine and arginine in that order. The amino nitrogen content of the pufferfishes was 84.5-156.4 mg/100 g, and there was a little difference among the species. As for taste intensity, the total taste value of the purple puffer was higher than that of the other pufferfishes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.23.1-23.7
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• 2016

The effects of daily feeding frequency (Exp I), water temperature (Exp II), and stocking density (Exp III) on the growth of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus, juvenile fish of 10 and 40 g in body weight were examined to develop effective techniques to produce river puffer in a non-exchange water system. In Exp I, fish were fed commercial floating feed with 45 % protein one to five times per day to apparent satiation each by hand daily for 8 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. In both the 10- and 40-g size groups, the final body weight, daily feed consumption, and weight gain of fish fed one meal per day were significantly lower than those of fish fed five meals per day (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the final body weight, daily feed consumption, and weight gain among fish fed two, three, and five meals per day. Feed efficiency showed decreasing tendency with increasing size of fish. In Exp II, fish of 10 and 40 g in initial body weight were reared with the commercial feed at $15-30^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. The weight gain of fish increased with raising water temperature up to $25^{\circ}C$ and decreased drastically at $30^{\circ}C$ for both sizes. The Q10 of specific growth rate was decreased with raising water temperature from 5.04 (temperature interval, $15-20^{\circ}C$) to 0.66 ($25-30^{\circ}C$) for the 10-g fish and from 4.98 to 0.31 for the 40-g fish. In Exp III, the effect of stocking density on growth was examined with fish of 10 and 40 g in initial body weight. The final body weight for initial stocking densities of 4, 8, and $12kg/m^3$ was significantly higher than that of $20kg/m^3$ for the 10-g fish, and the final stocking density reached 10.1, 19.2, 28.7, and $39.9kg/m^3$, respectively. For the 40-g fish, the final body weight for initial stocking densities of 3 and $6kg/m^3$ was significantly higher than that of 9 and $15kg/m^3$ and the final stocking density reached 7.38, 13.5, 17.1, and $27.5kg/m^3$, respectively (P < 0.05). In both groups, weight gain tended to decrease with increasing stocking density; however, survival showed no significant difference.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

It was examined whether the common belief that "cultured puffer fishes do not contain tetrodotoxin (TTX)", the major lethal substance that accidently causes death in consumers of those fishes, is true in river puffer fish Takifugu obscurus. In mouse bioassay, lethal levels of toxins were detected in the ranks: gonad>liver>intestine>muscle>skin in wild puffer fish. In contrast, no mortality occurred in the mouse bioassay on cultured fish. However, there were sleepiness, sluggish behavior, and hind limb paralysis with the tissue extracts of cultured fish suggesting the presence of TTX or other similarly acting toxins. An attempt to confirm the presence of TTX in cultured fish with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was not very successful. The results suggest possible existence of TTX toxins or similarly acting toxins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2000

자치어의 소화생리에 대한 연구는 담수어인 잉어, 무지개송어 등과 해산어인 넙치, 혹돔 등의 연구가 있으나 자치어 단계에 서식지의 변화가 큰 어종에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 담수생활의 자어기에서 해수생활의 치어기로 전환하는 황복의 초기단계에 소화효소의 변화과정을 밝히고, 온도ㆍ염분ㆍ빛 등의 환경요인과 소화효소와의 관계를 조사하고자 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.68-69
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• 1998

정액의 ml당 정자수는 $1.13 \pm 0.34 \times 10^{10}$이었고 spermatocrit는 $64.8 \pm 1.4$였으며, 정장의 삼투질농도는 $266 \pm 2$ mOsm/kg이었다. 총 단백질 함량과 총 지질 함량은 정장에 비해 정자에서 높은 값을 보였고, glucose는 검출되지 않았다. 황복 정자를 16일간 $0 \pm 0.5 \circ C$에서 냉장보존 하였을 때, 수정률은 0-0.7%로 보존효과가 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 황복 정자의 냉동보존을 위한 희석액으로는 marine fish Ringer's solution, 동해방지제로는 5% DMSO가 적합하였으며, 이때의 수정률은 $79.3 \pm 7.5$%였다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.172-192
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• 1994

The fish fauna from the Yellow Sea was reviewed based on the published materials from Korea and China. As a results, author confirmed 389 species belonging to 257 genera, 123 families and 27 orders. Among them, the ascertained species in the western coast of Korean were 233 species belonging to 161 genera, 80 families and 20 orders, and those distributed in the Chinese water were 300 species belonging to 213 genera, 115 families and 27 orders. The largest fish group in this area was order Perciformes having 164 species belonging to 114 genera and 51 families, followed by order Scorpaeniformes comprising 45 species belong to 27 genera and 11 families, and order Pleuronectiformes having 34 species belong to 24 genera and 5 families. The important species in Korea economically were families Rajidae, Anguillidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Scorpaenidae, Serranidae, Platycephalidae, Sciaenidae, Mugilidae, Trichiruridae, Stromateidae, Cynoglossidae, Pleuronectidae, Tetraodontidae. There were 9 endemic species in the westernsea of Korea : Neosalanx jordani, Pseudosciaena poliactis, Repomucenus koreanus, Repomucenus leucopoecilus, Achanthogobius elongata, Scartelaos sp., Cynoglossus joyneri, Takifugu flavidus and Takifugu obscurus.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 1990

Twenty four species belonging to 10 genera and 4 families in the suborder Tetraodontoidei in Korea were reviewed and provisional keys to species, genera and families are provided. Among them available specimens of seventeen species in this taxa collected during 1986 to 1990 from Korean waters were examined and recorded on the morphometric characters, their body color and collection sites. And two species are reported for the first time to Korea with their descriptions and figures : Lagocephallus gloveri Abe et Tabeta, 1983 and L. wheeleri Abe,Tabeta et Kitahama, 1984. Taki/ugu chiηensis Abe, previously recorded from Pusan, Korea as paratype locality but not included in the list of Chyung, 1977, is listed in the present paper with the new korean name, "Chambok". Many of this taxa are also distributed throughout the waters of China and Japan. But it is found that the distribution of three species of genus Takifugu are restricted only to the west coast of Korea as well as to the adjacent waters of China in the Yellow Sea ; T. obscurus, T. flavidus and T. basilevskianus. Taxonomy and distribution of this taxa were discussed with references to the information obtained so far.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.868-876
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein to energy (P/E) ratio in juvenile river puffer. Nine experimental diets were formulated with three energy levels and three protein levels at each energy levels. Three energy levels of 3000, 3750 and 4500 kcal diets were included at 45, 50 and 55% crude protein (CP) levels, respectively (45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000, 50P3750, 50P4500, 55P3000, 55P3750 and 55P4500). Fish averaging $3.43{\pm}0.02$ g randomly were fed the experimental diets in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the 50P4500 diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000 and 50P3750 diets (P<0.05), but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 50P4500, 55P3750 and 55P4500 diets. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 50P4500 diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000 and 50P3750 diets (P<0.05), but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 50P4500, 55P3000, 55P3750 and 55P4500 diets. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 45P3000 and 45P3750 diets was higher than that of fish fed 50P4500 and 55P4500, but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000, 50P3750, 55P3000 and 55P3750 diets. Based on weight gain, feed efficiency and specific growth rate, diets containing energy levels 4500 kcal/kg diet had an optimum P/E ratio of approximately 111 mg protein/kcal (50% crude protein) in juvenile river puffer.