• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

With the expansion of the development and use of surveying equipment recently, by the establishment of infrastructure for network RTK surveying of the NGII, network RTK surveying has been widely used in surveying industry. Currently, in public surveying regulations, site calibration with minimum 5 evenly spaced bench marks is needed for using network RTK surveying results as leveling. But the range between and the number of bench marks for site calibration can be varied according to the geoid undulation. In this study, in order to verify this, Incheon area having regular geoid undulation and Taebaek area having irregular geoid undulation are selected as study area and network RTK surveying have been done. Then the accuracy of site calibration by range between and the number of bench marks have been compared. As a result of this study, in order to meet a tolerance of vertical precision (0.1m) that has been set in public surveying regulations, there is a necessity for improving the regulations so that the range and number of bench marks, to be used for site calibration of network RTK surveying, can be applied complementarily.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution and characteristics of villages before modern public works in the Demilitarized Zone(DMZ) by using Geographical Information System(GIS). There were total 427 villages within the DMZ according to a survey. By the administrative region, whereas there were 183 villages in Gangwon Province which had a share of 43% of the total, there were 244 villages in Gyeonggi Province which had that of 57%. Subsequently, Gyeonggi Province had a higher share than Gangwon Province, even though its area was smaller than Gangwon Province's one. In terms of the pattern of villages, there was a pattern of the dispersed settlement focused upon the area of the Taebaek mountains. In addition, there were a pattern of the dike settlement by a traffic route and river as well as that of agglomerated settlement in other area. There was a pattern of compact settlement in a plain. This research can be contributed (1) to be used a basic information in order to solve a conflict between development and conservation which may occur in the future, and (2) to be applied to develop contents for the DMZ's competitiveness.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2B
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

This study is to analyze the spatio-temporal trend of snowfall using 30 years (1980-2010) data for 5 selected heavy snowfall areas (Ulleungdo (a), Northeastern Region (b), Western Taebaek Range Inland Region (c), Northwestern Sobaek Range Inland Region (d) and Southern Coastal Region (e)). The snow depth and snowfall frequency during 30 years showed some decreasing trend in parts of c and d. From the spatial comparison for 2 periods between 1980-2000 (A) and 1990-2010 (B), we could identified that the frequency of advisory for heavy snowfall from A to B decreased in c and d showing clear bounds for some areas in period B. For the average snow depth from A to B, the area d decreased while the area b increased with enlarging the areal range.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-109
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• 2008

This work is to describe the geomorphological features of Dongcheon-gugok in the Eastern Part of Gyeongsang Province, and attempt to develop a basic data for traditional natural heritage. The bedrocks of the study area is typically sedimentary rocks of Gyeongsang Series. Dongcheon-gugok in the study area is almost distributed in the valley of Taebaek Mountain range in Gyeongbuk Province. These valleys almost belong to tributaries of Nakdong River, and are characterized by narrow meandering valley in the moutainous region. Dongcheon-gugok in the study area is located in these valleys with steep slopes or rocky cliffs. And there are pools, point-bar with sands and gravels, riffles, etc in the river valley. Ancesters named these landscape with Jeolbyuk(rocky cliff), Bong(peak), Dam(pool), Tan(ripple), Cheonsa(point-bar), Pok(waterfall), Dae(hill), etc.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1993

Recently, by fast industralization and development without environmental concern, our environment deterioration have being continued rapidly. Therefore, many species is placed on crisis of extinction or was already extincted by habitat destruction. In Minjujisan area, there is a plan to construct the Sport and Leisure Complex by which convert the forest conservancy district to the district of development promotion and district of sighseeing and leisure by Yongdong District. To investigate the avifauna impacts by habitat destruction, bird censuses was carried out before the Sport and Leisure Complex be construct in Minjujisan and Sokgisan area during 4-5 May, 1992 and 16-21 June, 1992. Total 229 birds of 41 species in 23 family of 9 orders were recorded during censuses. Sitta europaea amurensis was the most abundant species and Parus ater amurensis, Phylloscopus borealis xanthodryas, Parus major wladiwostokensis, Parus palustris hellmayri, and Turdus pallidus were dominant species. Accipiter nisus nisosimilis, Accipiter soloenis, and Otus scops stictonotus were found out to the natural monuments in this suvey. Halcyon pileate was observed to a rare bird in this surveyed area. Species diversity of this census was 3.381 which showed slightly higher degree than other surveyed area. The area of Minjujisan, Sokgipong, and Samdopong which have little pollution agent around there and kept away from mankind were approved the heavy avifauna area which have so many bird species. Biogeographically, the Taebaek Mountains was connected with the Sobaek Mountains through this area, therefore it was significant that many animal species could be move to each mountains ranges. The construction plan of the Sport and Leisure Complex in Minjujisan area should be restrain with concern about environmentally destruction by the Muju Resort in Dokyusan National Park which connected to that area have master plan to development the ski slopes for the 1997 Universiad with permission by the Ministry of Environment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

Bacteria have evolved various types of resistance mechanism to toxic heavy metals, such as arsenic and antimony. An arsenical and antimonial resistant bacterium was isolated from a shallow creek draining a coal-mining area near Taebaek City, in Kangwon-Do, Korea. The isolated bacterium was identified and named as Pseudomonas sp. KM20 after biochemical and physiological studies were conducted. A plasmid was identified and its function was studied. Original cells harboring the plasmid were able to grow in the presence of 15 mM sodium arsenite, while the plasmid-cured (plasmidless) strain was sensitive to as little as 0.5 mM sodium arsenate. These results indicated that the plasmid of Pseudomonas sp. KM20 does indeed encode the arsenic resistance determinant. In growth experiments, prior exposure to 0.1 mM arsenate allowed immediate growth when they were challenged with 5 mM arsenate, 5 mM arsenite, or 0.1 mM antimonite. These results suggested that the arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite resistance determinants of Pseudomonas sp. KM20 plasmid were indeed inducible. When induced, plasmid-bearing resistance cells showed a decreased accumulation $of\;73^As$ and showed an enhanced efflux $of\;^73As$. These results suggested that plasmid encoded a transport system that extruded the toxic metalloids, resulting in the lowering of the intracellular concentration of toxic oxyanion. In a Southern blot study, hybridization with an E. coli R773 arsA-specific probe strongly suggested the absence of an arsA cistron in the plasmid-associated arsenical and antimonial resistance determinant of Pseudomonas sp. KM20.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.474-481
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• 2010

This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of Non-point source (NPS) Pollution discharge from a coal mining area in Korea. The study areas is located on the Dogye site, Samchuk, Kangwon Province Coal Corporation and the Jangsung site, Taebaek, Kangwon Province Coal Corporation. The monitoring system was installed at a drainage channel and water samples and rainfall events were collected during March 2008 to February 2009. The collected water samples were analyzed with respect to SS, BOD, $COD_{Cr}$, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N, T-P, and TOC, respectively. It was observed that the runoff and water quality were largely influenced by mine drainage. Also a significant relationship was observed from the correlation between flow and water quality, flow and NPS. And estimated Event Mean Concentration (EMC), NPS pollution loads were Dogey coal mine and Taeback coal mine respectively. As the study progresses in the future, runoff and pollution loads will be updated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1991

In an effort to make it possible to cultivate Coptis japonica in Korea, the environmental and ecological conditions allowing the wild growth and distribution of Coptis sp. in Japan were investigated. The environmental conditions of the culture yard and the culture methods of C. japonica were also investigated. From these studies, it was concluded that the cultivation of C. japonica requires a well-drained sandy soil, $pH\;4.5{\sim}5.5$, which is facing North or Northwest. The area suitable for the cultivation of C. japonica should have rainfall of $1,000{\sim}1,500mm$ per year, be covered with snow for $30{\sim}60$ days in the winter, and be blocked $40{\sim}70%$, of the sun shine. These findings suggest that in korea the cultivation of C. japonica may be possible in the areas ranging from Sock-cho to Kang-neung, Mt. Odae, Mt. Taebaek and Mt. Sobaek where is chill and much moisturous in summer.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1209-1218
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• 2015

As the drought disasters are increased in the world, the need of study using satellite image data is on the rise. This study is conducted to analyze the drought in the region using satellite image, and to analyze the correlation with the standard precipitation index (SPI) and the actual drought cases. We selected Dongducheon and Taebaek region for domestic major drought (2001, 2008-2009). The correlation with the SPI and the observed water level data was analyzed using the $0.05^{\circ}$ spatial resolution and 8days MODIS DSI (Drought Severity Index). In Dongducheon, 6-months DSI has a correlation of 0.71 with the SPI (30). In Taebaek, the correlation between 6-months DSI and SPI (90) was a 0.40 and showed an average hit ratio of 65.7% in comparing with the observed water level of study area. In summary, this study showed a limited correlation between DSI based on satellite images and meteorological drought index SPI and confirmed the possibility of using DSI for the domestic study.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.258-275
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate diurnal variations of snowstorm occurred along the East Coast of the Korean Peninsula. The snowstorm which occurred on 5${\sim}$7 January 1997 have been analyzed. The pressure patterns were analyzed through surface and upper-air chart(850hPa). Diurnal variations of four areas, i. e. Youngdong, Mt. Taebaek, Youngseo and Kyungbuk regions were analyzed through wind direction and speed, cloud amounts, surface temperature, dewpoint temperature, relative humidity and sea level pressure. And snowfall amounts over four areas were analyzed through regional distribution, daily and temporal variations. The snowfall which occurred on January 5 was caused by the weak low pressure which is located in Kyusu region of Japan. The snowfall of January 6 occurred due to the Siberian high's expansion and instability. And northeasterly wind is one factor of the snowstorm which occurred in Mt. Taebaek region on 7 January. Heavy snowfall was caused by westerly wind but easterly wind occurred weak snowfall in Youngdong area. The precipitation of Kyungbuk region(eapecially, Pohang) was less than that of Youngdong region because the air mass which was not modified had influence on Kyungbuk region on 6${\sim}$7 January, 1997.