• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.276-280
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• 2006

Traditionally fermented Cheonggukjangs were collected from Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces and 22 strains were isolated and identified by using 165 rDNA sequences. Most of the identified strains were Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis, B. subtilis and B. licheniformis are dominant in the Gyeonggi area and B. licheniformis in the Gangwon area. In the growth pattern of the isolated strains, the duration of lag phase was generally 5 to 7 hours and stationary phase was reached after 23 to 40 hours of incubation. Total cell populations at the stationary phase were between $1{\times}10^6\;CFU/ml$ and $5{\times}10^7\;CFU/ml$. The fermenting ability of carbohydrates of isolates showed some differences among the regions. The isolated strains from Yong-In, Gyeonggi showed higher fermenting abilities with D-xylose, xylitol, D-tagatose and Methyl-$\alpha$-D-mannopyranoside. D-lactose, D-tagatose, D-xylose, Methyl-$\alpha$-D-mannopyranoside, amygdalin, arbutin, esculin and 2-keto-gluconate were well fermented with the An-Seong's strains; L-rhamnose, inositol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, celibiose and gluconate with the Kawang-Ju's stains; and D-lactose with the Odaesan's strains.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.263-276
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• 2008

In diverse hydrogeologic fields, estimation of groundwater storage change is one of the most critical issues. Accurate estimation methods for determining groundwater storage change are required more and more. For Yeonyang area of Ulsan Megacity, groundwater storage change was estimated by using water balance method and hydrogeological analyses. The estimates of groundwater storage change was 240 mm corresponding to 18.7% of mean annual precipitation. Direct runoff was calculated as 137 mm (10.6% of mean annual precipitation) by using SCS-CN method. Evapotranspiration based on the Thornthwaite method was calculated as 776 mm (60.5% of mean annual precipitation). Hydraulic properties of the soil types do not show any distinct relation with hydraulic conductivity of the rocks. This fact suggests that hydraulic property on the surface is different from that of subsurface geology. According to multi-linear regression analysis between groundwater storage change and hydraulic parameters, a regression equation of groundwater storage change, which was explained by precipitation and evapotranspiration, was established.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1994

This study was conducted to improve marketing value and productivity of cucumber which was cultivated with primary scaffold stem type (Mannungcheongjang) and lateral stem type (Sayeup). The results are summarized as follows ; 1. Investigation of fruit setting characteristics to improve cucumber training type was resulted that the fruit-thinning was effective 3 nodes in Mannung- cheongjang and 4 nodes in Sayeup, because of defected yield potential and marketing value. 2. In the matter of early growing stage after training and cucumber quality at different treatment, cucumber weight at flowering curved cucumber and growth analysis of Mannungcheongjang were good in order of horizontal>vertical>slant training. And those of Sayeup were good in order of horizontal >slant> vertical training. 3. Aspect of light reception of cucumber plant in the level of plant height and accumulated leaf area index, vertical and horizontal training are better than slant in Mannungcheongjang, and there is order of horizontal >vertical >slant training in Sayeup. 4. Horizontal training in Mannungcheongjang was superior to any other case In view of cucumber number, productivity, and marketing rate. Therefore, this training was suggest ed of best method in cucumber cultivation.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.191-222
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• 2010

Revisioned labour law was confirmed by vote of National Assembly on 1st January 2010. Under revisions labour law the necessity was expressed to reconstruct and change the relationship between labour and management in hospital. This study was described to investigate the operational statement of labour union in general hospital and to investigate how the labour policy would be change and which form would be appear in labour union in hospital. The survey results which was operated targeting labour managers in hospital were as follows ; first, in the possibility of plural labour unions establishment, university hospital labour managers forecasted the possibility as high. but non-university hospital labour managers forecasted the possibility as low. second, even though the plural union labours would be established in hospitals there would be no difficulties in collective bargaining between labour and management. third, the labour union activities would not be shrink even though there would be wage pay prohibition for the full-time union laboures. As the wage pay prohibition acted on the full-time union labours, countermeasures are required as follows; first, there is a possibility that there will be diversity in the form of full-time union labours. It is need to make the criterion of hospital about the limit of full-time labour union members. It is need to make the criterion of labour activities of non-working hour exception. It is need to cope with the diverse demands of labour union which aim to solve the financial burdens. As the plural labour unions are permitted it is need to make countermeasures as follows ; To analyze whether there is a possibility by the establishment of new labour to be plural labour unions. To establish the countermeasures in short-term aspect to make the countermeasures to cope with the establishment of plural labour unions. In long-term aspect to establish labour and management strategies. Henceforth, found on the revisions labour law, it is need to provide in hospitals as follows; first, it is need to prepare labour management policies and substitutes which suitable for plural labour union period. Second, it is need to determine concretely on the related matters of the union labours and to develop the conclusion guidelines which preparing infective criteria. Third, to examine the effects on the hospital organization by organizational forms of labour union which is weak in financial aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2011

Introduction: In the lateral window approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft, there has been considerable controversy regarding the placement of a barrier membrane over the osteotomy site. In particular, when there is no damage to the Schneiderian membrane, clinicians should decide whether to use a barrier membrane or not, considering the benefits and costs. This study presents the clinical cases to demonstrate that only repositioning the detached window can lead to satisfactory bony healing of the grafted material without using a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Materials and Methods: Five consecutive patients were treated with the same surgical procedures. After performing the antrostomy on the lateral maxillary wall using a round carbide bur and diamond bur, the bony window was detached by a gentle levering action. After confirming no perforation of the Schneiderian membrane, the grafting procedure was carried out the detached window of the lateral maxillary wall was repositioned over the grafted material without using a barrier membrane. A gross examination was carried out at the postoperative 6 month re-entry, and the the preoperative and postoperative dental computed tomography (CT) at re-entry were compared. Results: All the procedures in the 5 patients went on to uneventful healing with no complications associated with the bone graft. Satisfactory bone regeneration without the interference of fibrous tissue on the gap between the repositioned window and lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was observed in the postoperative 6 month re-entry. The CT findings at re-entry revealed the, reconstruction of the external cortical plate including repositioned bony window. In addition, the loss of the discontinuity of the lateral maxillary wall was confirmed. Conclusion: This preliminary report showed that the detached window, which was just repositioned on the grafted material, could function as a barrier membrane in the lateral approach for a maxillary sinus bone graft. Therefore additional morphometric and histologic studies will be needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2020

Background: The burden of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD) is increasing globally. To understand the treatment outcomes and prognosis of NTM-PD, a unified registry is needed. In this project, we aim to construct a multicenter prospective observational cohort with NTM-PD in South Korea (NTM-KOREA). Methods: The primary objective of this study is to analyze treatment outcomes according to the species. In addition, recurrence rate, adverse events, the impact of each drug on treatment outcomes as well as the impact of characteristics of mycobacteriology will be analyzed. The inclusion criteria for the study are as follows: fulfilling the criteria for NTM-PD having one of the following etiologic organisms: Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus subspecies abscessus, M. abscessus subspecies massiliense, or M. kansasii; receiving the first treatment for NTM-PD after enrollment; age >20 years; and consenting to participate in the study. Seven institutions will participate in patient enrollment and about 500 patients are expected to be enrolled. Participants will be recruited from 1 March 2020 until 19 March 2024 and will be observed through 19 March 2029. During the follow-up period, participants' clinical course will be tracked and their clinical data as well as NTM isolates will be collected. Conclusion: NTM-KOREA will be the first nationwide observational cohort for NTM-PD in South Korea. It will provide the information to optimize treatment modalities and will contribute to deeper understanding of the treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis of patients with NTM-PD in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2000

Objectives : This study aimed to examine a correlation between the somatic complaints, emotion, vocabulary and alexithymia as a component of personality in normal persons. Methods : 204 subjects were collected by age-based systematic sampling from the 662 persons without confirmed medical illness. We used the Korean version of 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20K) to measure alexithymia. The somatic complaints were checked by the list of somatic symptoms on the diagnostic criteria of somatization disorder and major depressive episode in DSM-IV. The vocabulary was evaluated by the total number of associating-words from the spontaneous association of word and the secondary association to given words. The anxiety and depression were evaluated using 5-point self-report scale. Results : 1) The degree of alexithymia was significantly correlated with the somatic complaints, anxiety, depression. 2) The somatic complaints were significantly correlated with the anxiety and depression. 3) The number of associating-words showed negative correlation with the age. 4) The degree of alexithymia was not correlated with the number of associating-words. Conclusion : The more degree of alexithymia increased, the more somatic complaints appeared. There was a significant correlation between the degree of alexithymia, anxiety and depression. But the degree of alexithymia was not correlated with the amount of vocabulary.

• Solar Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1993

[ $CdS_{0.46}Se_{0.54}$ ] single crystal was grown by a sublimation method. The crystal structure and the temperature dependence of carrier density and mobility of $CdS_{0.46}Se_{0.54}$ single crystal were studied. Heterojunction solar cells of $n-CdS_{0.46}Se_{0.54}/p-Cu_{2-X}S_{0.46}Se_{0.54}$ were fabricated by the substitution reaction. The spectral response, the J-V characteristics and the conversion efficiency of the $n-CdS_{0.46}Se_{0.54}/p-Cu_{2-X}S_{0.46}Se_{0.54}$ heterojunction solar cells were studied. The open-circuit voltage, short-circuit density, fill factor and conversion efficiency of $n-CdS_{0.46}Se_{0.54}/p-Cu_{2-X}S_{0.46}Se_{0.54}$ heterojunction solar cells under $80mW/cm^2$ illumination were found to be 0.48V, $21mA/cm^2$, 0.75 and 9.5%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.135-139
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• 2018

In this study, we report the effect of VI/III ratio on ${\alpha}-Ga_2O_3$ epilayer on sapphire substrate by halide vapor phase epitaxy. The surface of ${\alpha}-Ga_2O_3$ epilayer grown with various VI/III ratios was flat and crack-free. To analyze the optical properties of the ${\alpha}-Ga_2O_3$ epilayers, the transmittance and an optical band gap were measured. The optical band gap was shown to be around 5 eV and showed a proportional increase in VI/III ratios. To determine the crystal quality of alpha gallium oxide grown with a ratio of 23, closed to the theoretical optical band gap, the FWHM was measured by HR-XRD. The calculated dislocation density of screw and edge were $1.5{\times}10^7cm^{-2}$ and $5.4{\times}10^9cm^{-2}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

Geotextile is one of the most useful and effective polymer material in civil construction works and the main function of geotextile is separation, reinforcement, filtering and drainage. Recently, because of the shortage of natural rock, traditional forms of river and coastal structures have become very expensive to build and maintain. Therefore, the materials used in hydraulic and coastal structures are changing from the traditional rubble and concrete systems to the cheaper materials and systems. One of these alternatives employs geotextile tube technology in the construction of coastal and shore protection structures, such as embankment, see dyke, groins, jetties, detached breakwaters and so on. Geotextile tube technology has changed from being an alternative construction technique and, in fact, has advanced to become the most effective solution of choice. This paper presents case history of sea dyke filter construction using geotextile tube mattress and also, various issues related to the tube mattress design and construction technology.