• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

Resistance to diseases caused by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in crop species of the family Brassicaceae has been studied extensively, especially in members of the genus Brassica. The variation in response observed on resistant and susceptible plants inoculated with different isolates of TuMV is due to a combination of the variation in the plant resistome and the variation in the virus genome. Here, we review the breadth of this variation, both at the level of variation in TuMV sequences, with one eye towards the phylogeny and evolution of the virus, and another eye towards the nature of the various responses observed in susceptible vs. different types of resistance responses. The analyses of the viral genomes allowed comparisons of pathotyped viruses on particular indicator hosts to produce clusters of host types, while the inclusion of phylogeny data and geographic location allowed the formation of the host/geographic cluster groups, the derivation of both of which are presented here. Various studies on resistance determination in particular brassica crops sometimes led to further genetic studies, in many cases to include the mapping of genes, and in some cases to the actual identification of the genes. In addition to summarizing the results from such studies done in brassica crops, as well as in radish and Arabidopsis (the latter as a potential source of candidate genes for brassica and radish), we also summarize work done using nonconventional approaches to obtaining resistance to TuMV.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1333-1340
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• 2012

Epithelial ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological cancer, and the high mortality rate makes this malignancy a major health concern. Poor prognosis results from an inability to detect ovarian cancers at an early, curable stage, as well as from the lack of an effective therapy. Thus, effective and novel strategies for prevention and treatment with non-toxic agents merit serious consideration. Resveratrol, obtained from grapes, berries, peanuts and red wine, has been shown to have a potent growth-inhibitory effect against various human cancer cells as well as in in vivo preclinical cancer models. The objective here was to evaluate potential antitumor effects of resveratrol in both in vitro and in vivo NuTu-19 ovarian cancer models. In vitro an invasion assay was performed. After 48 h, the numbers of viable cells that invaded the extracellular matrix layer were reduced by 94% with resveratrol in comparison to control. For the in vivo anti-tumor assessment, 10 rats were injected with NuTu-19 cells into the ovarian bursa. Thereafter, half were provided with a diet mixed with a dose of 100 mg resveratrol/kg body weight/day for 28 days. Following sacrifice, anticancer effects were assessed by histological evaluation of ovarian as well as surrounding tissues, and immunohistochemical detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis, but there were no observable differences between the control and resveratrol-treated groups for any of the biological endpoints. While resveratrol is effective in suppressing the in vitro cellular invasion of NuTu-19 ovarian cancer cells, these effects do not appear to impact on in vivo NuTu-19 ovarian cancers in rats.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2271-2288
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• 2015

The emerging high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard adopts the quadtree-structured transform unit (TU) in the residual quadtree (RQT) coding. Each TU allows to be split into four equal sub-TUs recursively. The RQT coding is performed for all the possible transform depth levels to achieve the highest coding efficiency, but it requires a very high computational complexity for HEVC encoders. In order to reduce the computational complexity requested by the RQT coding, in this paper, we propose a fast TU size decision method incorporating an adaptive maximum transform depth determination (AMTD) algorithm and a full check skipping - early termination (FCS-ET) algorithm. Because the optimal transform depth level is highly content-dependent, it is not necessary to perform the RQT coding at all transform depth levels. By the AMTD algorithm, the maximum transform depth level is determined for current treeblock to skip those transform depth levels rarely used by its spatially adjacent treeblocks. Additionally, the FCS-ET algorithm is introduced to exploit the correlations of transform depth level between four sub-CUs generated by one coding unit (CU) quadtree partitioning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed overall algorithm significantly reduces on average 21% computational complexity while maintaining almost the same rate distortion (RD) performance as the HEVC test model reference software, HM 13.0.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.534-540
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• 1995

Alkalophilic coryneform bacteria TU-19 isolated from soil extracellularly produced at least three proteases (Protease I, II, and III). Investigating the cultural conditions related to the enzyme production of this bacterial cell, the optimum pH and temperature were 10.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. In order to purify these enzymes from the 2 day culture broth ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and QAE-Sephadex column chromatography were performed step by step. And then these three proteases were purified to near homogeneity by judging from SDS-PAGE pattern, and had the molecular weights of 120, 80, and 45 kilodaltons, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of Protease I and II were 10.5 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively, and Protease II were 11.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. And the enzymes were completely inhibited by PMSF suggesting serine protease, but not affected by pCMB. 1,10-phenanthroline, IAA, and EDTA.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2005

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an infectious viral pathogen on the cruciferous crops, predominantly Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) and radish (Raphanus sativus). On the basis of the symptom development in selective differential hosts from indicator host species, Chinese cabbage and Korean radish inbred lines, the representative eight isolates of TuMV were divided into two major groups/or six types. Group I includes Th 1, Ca-ad7, and Cj-ca2-1 isolates, while group II includes the other isolates (rg-pfl, r 9-10, Rhcql-2, Stock and Mustard). According to the molecular phylogenetic analysis, these isolates, however, divided into two groups and two independent isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four isolates (Tu 1, r9-10, Stock and Rh-cql-2) formed a distinct phylogenetic group, and the other two isolates (Ca-ad7 and Cj-ca2-1) also formed another group. Mustard and rg-pfl isolates did not seem to have any relationship with these two groups. Taken together, these results indicated that virulence differentiation on host plants, molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid of TuMV coat proteins did not show any relationship. The multi-resistant lines, Wonyae 20026 and BP058 in Chinese cabbage represent valuable genetic materials that can be used for crucifer breeding programs on TuMV resistance, but not in Korean radish.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2010

We describe shuffling process of 48 HwaTu(Flower) cards from a mathematical aspect and give the number of shuffles that are needed to arrive at a state of randomness. We observe that the cards are shuffled much less times in usual plays, that results in much riskier outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2011

Objectives : Pyoyubu (標幽賦), one of the classics in the science of acupuncture and moxibustion was written by Tu hankyoung (竇漢卿) during the Kum-Won dynasty of China (A.D 1196-1280). This paper is to explore his academic thoughts and make its correct interpretation with new copious notes. Methods : The translation was based on Original Chimgudaesung (原本鍼灸大成) and revisals of Chimguchuiyoung (鍼灸聚英), Yukyoungbuik (類經附翼), New Chimgudaesung (新鍼灸大成), etc. The format of this paper is in poetry and prose in order to abide by the original text. Results and Conclusions : The final part is devoted to five critical thinking on the text, which provides the fundamental principles and clinical guidelines for the current theory of acupuncture.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 1998

Turnip mosaic virus)TuMV-Ca) was isolated from a Chinese cabbage showing severe mosaic and black necrotic spots symptoms in Korea. The virus was identified as a strain of TuMV by its host range test, particle morphology, serology, double stranded RNA analysis. For detection of the virus, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed with a set of 18-mer TuMV-specific primers to amplify a 876 bp DNA fragment The virus was rapidly detected from total nucleic acids of virus infected tissues as well as native viral RNA of purified virion particles by RT-PCR. Detection limit of the viral RNA by RT-PCR was 10 fg.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.20 no.1 s.24
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• pp.29-35
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• 2005

Time-series observations were carried out using a 155mm refractor and a $2k{\times}3k$ CCD camera at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory. We found 38 new variable stars in the $2.3^{\circ}{\times}2.4^{\circ}$ region around the Cepheid variable TU Cas: 22 eclipsing binary stars, 11 ${\delta}$ Scuti type stars and an RR Lyrae star, and 4 unclassified variables.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.421-432
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• 2020

Cutting of rocks is very common encountered in tunneling and mining during underground excavations. A deep understanding of rock-tool interaction can promote industrial applications significantly. In this paper, a distinct element method based approach, PFC^3D, is adopted to simulate the rock cutting under different operation conditions (cutting velocity, depth of cut and rake angle) and with various tool geometries (tip angle, tip wear and tip shape). Simulation results showed that the cutting force and accumulated number of cracks increase with increasing cutting velocity, cut depth, tip angle and pick abrasion. The number of cracks and cutting force decrease with increasing negative rake angle and increase with increasing positive rake angle. The numerical approach can offer a better insight into the rock-tool interaction during the rock cutting process. The proposed numerical method can be used to assess the rock cuttability, to estimate the cutting performance, and to design the cutter head.