• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.165-174
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• 2010

TTG-blocks are concrete blocks designed to be paved around the bridge piers in order to protect the channel bed from local scour. In this study roughness coefficient of T.T.G- blocks are investigated through the hydraulic model test. And critical safety weight of TTG-blocks is derived in terms of Reynolds number for each individual block and group of linked blocks. Flume experiments show that a performance of TTG-blocks is effective to protect the river channel bed from local scour at bridge piers if it is assessed using with geotextile mat under blocks or designated gravels for filling in holes of blocks.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.1 s.106
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• pp.96-108
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• 2005

Recently more emphasis geographical thinking is high order thinking. Improving students' geographical thinking should ensure that geographical skills are used when developing teaching-Loaming activities. Much have been written about importance of geographical thinking, but less research have been geographical skills. As such, this study is to focus on the thinking skills of National Curriculum in England and strategy of thinking through geography(TTC). TTG is the strategy with teaching thinking as a teaching style. Main concern of TTG is not with geography, it is with students' teaming and that is difference. Thus, this study provide insight into improving contents and method of teaching thinking in geography education.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

The industrial accident rate has been steadily decreased by making all efforts for the prevention of accidents after enacting Occupational Health and Safety Act in 1981. However, ordinary typed industrial accidents still occur in small and medium sized enterprises(SME). Timely Technical Guidance(TTG) project of Korea Occupational Safety & Heath Agency(KOSHA) for SME's was initiated to visit and provide the analysis and control of industrial accidents by the staffs of KOSHA as soon as possible after accidents occurred. This study is conducted to analyze the questionnaire survey for employers, workers and TTG personnel of KOSHA with being evaluated positively whether the demonstration project of TTG has been executed consistently. However, it is suggested that the understanding of TTG project and legal support are necessary for the establishments, and the development of a variety data and lots of available contents is necessary to increase satisfaction of the TTG project. The accident rate of SME's which are employed less than 50 workers is expected to be largely decreased with applying the control and improvement over this study with maintaining and developing TTG technology.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effect of of transdermal testosterone gel (TTG) on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and IVF outcomes and ovarian morphology according to pretreatment duration in poor responders. A total of 120 women were recruited for this pilot study. They were randomized into control, 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks TTG treatment groups. For three TTG treatment groups, 12.5 mg TTG was applied daily for 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks in preceding period of study stimulation cycle. After 3 weeks of TTG pretreatment, significant increase of antral follicle count (AFC) and significant decreases of mean follicular diameter (MFD) and resistance index (RI) value of ovarian stromal artery were observed (p=0.026, p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The total dose of rhFSH administered for COS significantly decreased after 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment both compared with control group (p<0.001, p<0.001). The numbers of oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes were significanty higher in 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment groups than control group (p<0.001, p<0.001 in the number of oocytes retrieved; p<0.001, p<0.001 in the number of mature oocytes). The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were increased only in 4 weeks TTG treatment group compared with control group (p=0.030 and p=0.042, respectively). These data demonstrated that TTG pretreatment for 3 to 4 weeks increases AFC and ovarian stromal blood flow, thereby potentially improving the ovarian response to COS and IVF outcome in poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.218-229
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• 2021

Purpose: Serological tests of tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and deamidated gliadin (DGP) antibodies for celiac disease diagnosis show conflicting correlation with histology in young children and in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Tests' ability to predict histology and cutoff values based on age and T1DM was evaluated. Methods: A retrospective study of children who had celiac serological tests between 6/1/2002 and 12/31/2014 at a pediatric hospital. Results: TTG IgA displayed similar results in predicting histology between <4.0 and ≥4.0 years age groups with sensitivity 98% and 93%, and specificity 88% and 86%, respectively. In children <4.0 years old, sensitivity for DGP antibodies was 100% and specificity 94%; in ≥4.0 years age groups, sensitivity was 60%, 88% for DGP IgA and IgG and specificity 95%, 96%, respectively. TTG IgA had low specificity in patients with T1DM compared with non-T1DM, 42% vs. 91%. Positive TTG IgA with normal histology was associated with higher T1DM prevalence at 36% compared with negative tests at 4%. Finally, the TTG IgA cutoff value was higher in T1DM at 36 vs. 16.3 units in non-T1DM. DGP IgG cutoff showed similar values between age groups; TTG IgA and DGP IgA cutoffs were lower in <4.0 years at 8.3 and 11.9 units than ≥4.0 years at 23.4 and 19.9, respectively. Conclusion: TTG IgA is sufficient for the <4.0 years age group and DGP antibodies had no advantage over TTG IgA in older children. The cutoff value to determine a positive TTG IgA should be higher for children with T1DM.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.114-123
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lower extremity strengthening program on balance, gait and upper limb function in patients with stroke. This study was a hospital-based with Central nerve system lesion patients, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor. Twenty four hemiparetic stroke patients were divided into two groups: a Lower extremity strengthening program group (LESPG)(n=12) and a Treadmill training group (TTG)(n=12). The LESPG performed a Lower extremity strengthening program on the affected side. The TTG exercised on a treadmill for 30 minutes a day. Assessment tools included the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and the Manual Function Test (MFT). There was a significant difference in TUG, FGA, and MFT scores between the two groups in the LESPG for the balance, gait, and upper limb function than for the TTG(p<.01). Results of the present study indicated that the effect of lower extremity strengthening program for 4 weeks had an effect on balance, gait and upper limb function of hemiplegic patients after stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of complex training on injury, flexibility, and muscle stiffness in high school male football players. Methods: A total of 60 football players were included in the study and were divided into three groups viz. the complex training group (CTG), 11+ training group (11+TG), and traditional training group (TTG). Injuries were recorded based on the prospective investigation method after starting the study, and the flexibility and muscle stiffness of the subjects were evaluated. Results: The research results showed that the injury rate per match was significantly lower in the CTG and 11+TG than the TTG. In the CTG, the flexibility of the hamstrings significantly increased and the stiffness of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), and tensor fascia latae (TFL) muscles significantly decreased (p<0.05). In the 11+TG, the stiffness of the RF significantly decreased (p<0.05). In the TTG, the flexibility of the hamstrings significantly increased (p<0.05). Hamstring flexibility showed a significantly higher increase in the CTG and TTG compared to the 11+TG (p<0.05). Also, the stiffness of the RF and TFL muscles showed a significantly higher decrease in the CTG compared to the 11+TG and TTG (p<0.05). The stiffness of the BF muscles too showed a more significant decrease in the CTG compared to the TTG (p<0.05). Conclusion: The complex training method of the Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ and self-myofascial release (SMFR) as a warm-up program, prevent injuries, enhance flexibility, and lower muscle stiffness of football players in high school. Thus, it is necessary to ensure the widespread use of the complex training program by instructors and players under the supervision of the Korea Football Association (KFA), given its reliability in preventing injuries and improving the performance of football players.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2012

Plant MYB transcription factors regulate secondary metabolism, cellular morphogenesis, and plant hormone signaling pathway. MYB proteins in plants consist of two repeats of 50 amino acid residues, which are referred to as R2R3 and they interact with WD40 or basic helix loop helix (bHLH) proteins. Yeast two hybrid assay was determined whether rice MYB protein interacts with either OsTTG1, which contains a WD40 domain, or with OsGL3, which contains a bHLH domain. Among 30 OsMYB proteins, three interacted with OsTTG1 and five interacted with OsGL3. A series of MYB mutants were created to determine the MYB domain important for the interaction with OsTTG1 or OsGL3. By using the yeast two hybrid assay, we found that the R3 motif of OsMYB10 and the R2 motif of OsMYB16 were required for interaction with OsTTG1 and OsGL3 proteins, respectively.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.232-236
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• 2005

Background: A physically active lifestyle and regular exercise training incurs many health benefits. One recently recognized benefit of regular moderate exercise is stress reduction and immune enhancement. Thus, a physical stress such as exercise may act at any number of points in the complex sequence of events collectively termed the immune response. Although exercise causes many propound changes in parameters of immune function, the nature and magnitude of such changes rely on several factors including the immune parameters of interest; type, intensity, and duration of exercise; fitness level or exercise history of the subject; environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. Methods: This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different type of exercise on superoxide dismutase (SOD), neutrophils, and T lymphocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups; a non-Trained group (NTG, n=6), a swim-Trained group (STG), and a treadmill-Trained group (TTG). The exercise regimen was designed in a treadmill (5 times/5 days/week) during 8-weeks for TTG, and swim training (5 times/5 days/week) during 8-weeks for STG, and the volume of exercise training was the same in both groups. Results: 8 weeks of regular swim and treadmill training significantly increased liver SOD concentration however, muscle SOD concentration was not statistically significant. In the level of neutrophils, TTG and STG showed significant difference, compared to NTG. TTG was the highest level of neutrophils. In the level of immune cell counts, there was significant difference among TTG, STG, and NTG both in the spleen and thymus. Conculsion: In conclusion, it can be stated that eight weeks swim and treadmill exercise training has beneficial effect in improving immune response and antioxidant defence capacity by augmenting immune cells and SOD activities of SD rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of task-oriented training and virtual reality training on upper extremity function, balance ability, depression in stroke patients. METHODS: Forty stroke patients were randomly allocated into a task oriented training group (TTG, n = 20), a virtual reality training group (VRG, n = 20). Both groups received the usual physical therapy. In addition, TTG patients underwent task training such as sweeping the table, cup stacking, carrying wood block. VRG patients underwent virtual reality training using X-box kinect. Both groups received 30 minutes of training per day, five times per week, for twelve weeks. RESULTS: After intervention, both groups showed significant improvement on upper extremity function, balance ability, and depression. VRG showed more improvement on upper extremity function, balance ability, and depression than TTG. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, task-oriented training and virtual reality training are feasible and suitable for stroke patients. And virtual reality training is more effective method than task oriented training.