• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.1016-1021
• /
• 2005

We studied on screening and isolation of dominant bacteria in the food waste fermentation process and on effective production of VFAs by isolated bacteria. In the result of study, bacteria of twelve species were isolated by anaerobic medium. Among the 12 isolated species including Escherichia coli, Clostridium formicoaceticum, C. butyricum, C. acetobutyricum. E. coli and Clostridium spp. were occurred dominantly in the fermentation process and regarded as best VFAs producing bacteria. Acetic acid are produced 287 mg/gTS(8,176 mg/L) by E. coli in concentration of $6{\times}10^8\;cells/gTS$, 551 mg/gTS(15,715 mg/L) by Clostridium formicoaceticum in concentration of $5{\times}10^4\;cells/gTS$. Three times as much acetic acid were produced as blank. Butyric acid are produced 214 mg/gTS(6,106 mg/L) by C. butyricum in concentration of $2.5{\times}10^5\;cells/gTS$ and produced 254 mg/gTS(7,261 mg/L) by C. acetobutyricum of concentration of $1.5{\times}10^5\;cells/gTS$. Two times as much butyric acid were produced as blank.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.304-310
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the change in the kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint depending on high-heeled shoes during sit-to-stand (SitTS) task. Methods: Nineteen healthy females participated in this study. The subjects performed the SitTS task wearing high-heeled shoes and barefoot. The experiment was repeated three times for each task with foot conditions. The kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint were measured and analyzed using a 3D motion analysis system. Results: The result of this study showed kinematic and kinetics differences in knee joints during the SitTS task based on high-heeled shoes. Significant differences in knee flexion angle were observed during SitTS. The knee extensor force showed statistically significant differences during SitTS tasks. At the initial of SitTS, the knee flexor and extensor moment showed significant differences. The knee extensor moment showed statistically significant differences at the terminal of SitTS. At the maximum of SitTS, the knee extensor moment showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Therefore, wearing high-heeled shoes during SitTS movements in daily life is considered to influence knee joint kinematics and kinetics due to the HH, suggesting the possibility of increased risk of patellofemoral pain, and knee osteoarthritis caused by changes in loading of the knee joint.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.625-634
• /
• 2003

This study was designed to analyze the differences in science achievement and satisfaction between the environments of Face-To-Face (FTF) and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), and between the interactions of Teacher-Students (TS) and Students-Students (SS). The activities for the interaction in the FTF and the CMC were carried out in the environments of traditional classrooms and the on-line network of communication computer, respectively. These experiments for four different groups (CMC-TS, CMC-SS, FTF-TS and FTF-SS) were performed with respect to 103 students of three 10th grade classes at a girls' high school in Chungju city. The questionnaires were composed of 5questions for achievement, and 13 questions on Likert scale for satisfaction. The data was analyzed using ANOVA, and through examination of each question about the satisfaction. The mean of the science achievement in learning activity was significantly higher in the CMC environment than the FTF. Also, the score in the TS interaction was meaningfully higher than the SS. Under the common environment of the CMC, science achievement and satisfaction in the TS interaction were significantly higher than in the SS. A similar result has been obtained in the satisfaction case even in the common environment of the FTF. The itemized analysis for the satisfaction shows a high score in the individual condition of CMC and TS, compared to that of FTF and SS, respectively. Thus, the school activity, formed in the TS interaction in the CMC environment is more effective at improving science achievement and satisfaction in the teaching and learning of science.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2004

DVB-MHP recommends that NPT(normal play time) be used as the times of stream events. NPT is the local time within an event(TV program). But we found that commercial transport stream (TS) generators and middlewares for DVB-MHP settop boxes are not ready to support the use of NPT by applications. In particular, TS generators do not create NPT reference descriptors needed to reconstruct NPT at the TV receiver. This situation is undesirable because program providers cannot experiment with the idea of synchronized applications. So we have implemented a TS generator that inserts NPT reference descriptors to TS and MyGetNPT API to approximately reconstruct NPT. STC (system time clock) is needed to reconstruct NPT, but Xlets are not allowed to read it. So, we approximate STC by using PCR (program clock reference) and the Java system tune. In this method, the stream generator extrats PCRs from an existing TS and inserts them into null TS packets in the form of MPEG sections, which can be read by Xlets. Because PCRs are displaced into new positions in TS, their values should be adjusted based on the time intervals between the original positions and the new positions. We implemented a synchronized application by using our TS generator and MyGetNPT API, where the task of stream events are to display graphic images. We found that graphic images are displayed where 240 ㎳ from their intended time, where 240ms is a human tolerance for the synchronization skew between graphic image and video.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2006

Black rockfish and goldeye rockfish are commercially important fish species due to the increasing demand in Korea. When estimating the abundance of stocks for these species acoustically, it is of crucial importance to know the target strength(TS) to length dependence. In relation to these needs, TS measurement was conducted on black rockfish and goldeye rockfish in an acrylic salt water tank using 70kHz and 120kHz split beam echo sounders. The TS for these two species under the controlled condition was simultaneously measured with the swimming movement by DVR system and analyzed as a function of fish length(L). The results obtained are summarized as follows: The best fit regression of TS on fish length of black rockfish was TS=19.38 Log(L, cm)-70.46 ($r^2=0.71$) at 70kHz and TS=22.39 Log(L, cm)-70.40 ($r^2=0.64$) at 120kHz and in the standard form TS=20 Log(L, cm)-71.29 ($r^2 = 0.70$) at 70kHz and TS=20 Log(L, cm)-66.88 ($r^2=0.57$) at 120kHz. The best fit regression of TS on fish length of goldeye rockfish was TS=17.10 Log(L, cm)-68.28 ($r^2=0.37$) at 70kHz and TS=24.39 Log(L, cm)-73.74 ($r^2=0.59$) at 120kHz and in the standard form TS=20 Log(L, cm)-72.03 ($r^2=0.32$) at 70kHz and TS=20 Log(L, cm)-67.68 ($r^2=0.64$) at 120kHz. An empirical model for fish TS(dB) averaged over the dorsal aspect of 115 fishes of black rockfish and goldeye rockfish and which spans the fish length(L, m) to wavelength($\lambda$, m) ratio between 8 and 30 was derived : TS=34.12 Log(L)-14.12 Log($\lambda$)-23.83, ($r^2=0.90$).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2017

Tan spot (TS), caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died) Drechs, is an important foliar disease of wheat and has become a threat to world wheat production since the 1970s. In this study a globally diverse pre-1940s collection of 247 wheat genotypes was evaluated against Ptr ToxA, P. tritici-repentis race 1, and stem rust to determine if; (i) acquisition of Ptr ToxA by the P. tritici-repentis from Stagonospora nodorum led to increased pathogen virulence or (ii) incorporation of TS susceptibility during development stem rust resistant cultivars led to an increase in TS epidemics globally. Most genotypes were susceptible to stem rust; however, a range of reactions to TS and Ptr ToxA were observed. Four combinations of diseasetoxin reactions were observed among the genotypes; TS susceptible-Ptr ToxA sensitive, TS susceptible-Ptr ToxA insensitive, TS resistant-Ptr ToxA insensitive, and TS resistant-Ptr ToxA toxin sensitive. A weak correlation (r = 0.14 for bread wheat and -0.082 for durum) was observed between stem rust susceptibility and TS resistance. Even though there were no reported epidemics in the pre-1940s, TS sensitive genotypes were widely grown in that period, suggesting that Ptr ToxA may not be an important factor responsible for enhanced prevalence of TS.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.839-844
• /
• 2011

IPTV contents are based on MPEG2-TS(Moving Picture Expert Group-2 Transport Stream). The Created content is delivered to each home's Set-Top box through the Internet service network, which will be visible on television through the decoding process. The using and spending of content expanding were quite limited in the other existing lines' devices. For this end, provided methods are to convert MPEG2-TS to other format and then transmit it. These methods are causing not only an overload to the system but also its increasing the hardware resource requirements. In this paper, the MPEG2-TS of IPTV's content using RTP(Real time Transport Protocol) provided by the applicable variety of devices and environmental system, was designed and implemented. Through this paper, the existing MPEG2-TS is providing other devices for distribution and consumption that can give better content to the consumers which means that the QoS(Quality of Service) was enhanced. And, the increased consumption and use of content will help the IPTV business to get more development and activation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2010

Species of fish such as striped beakperch, bluefin searobin and konoshiro gizzard shad are commercially very important due to their high demand in the Korean market. When estimating acoustically the abundance of stocks for these species, it is of crucial importance to know the target strength (TS) to the length dependence. In relation to these needs, the TS experiments were conducted on three different species in an acrylic salt water tank using two split-beam echo sounders of 70 and 120 kHz. The TS for these three species under the controlled condition was simultaneously measured with the swimming movement by a DVR system and analyzed as a function of fish length (L) and frequency (or wavelength $\lambda$). The equation of the form TS=a log (L)+b log ($\lambda$)+c was derived for their TS-length dependence. The best fit regression of TS on fork length for striped beakperch was estimated as TS=35.67 log (L, m) -15.67 log ($\lambda$, m) -46.69 ($r^2$=0.78). Furthermore, the best fit regression of TS on fork length for konoshiro gizzard shad was shown to be TS=25.85 log (L, m) -5.85 log ($\lambda$, m) -32.22 ($r^2$=0.51). The averaged TS for 12 bluefin searobins with a mean length of 24.36cm at 70 kHz was analyzed to be -41.55dB. In addition, the averaged tilt angle obtained simultaneously by a DVR system with TS measurements for 27 konoshiro gizzard shads swimming within an acrylic salt water tank was estimated at $-2.7^{\circ}$.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.8.1-8.11
• /
• 2016

To quantitatively estimate the influence of cuttlebone on the target strength (TS) of golden cuttlefish, the cuttlebone was carefully extracted from 19 live cuttlefish caught using traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea, in early May 2010 and the TS was measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500). The TS-length relationships for the cuttlefish (before the extraction of cuttlebone, Fish Aquat Sci. 17:361-7, 2014) and the corresponding cuttlebone were compared. The cuttlebone length ($L_b$) ranged from 151 to 195 mm (mean $L_b$ = 168.3 mm) and the mass ($W_b$) ranged from 29.3 to 53.2 g (mean $W_b$ = 38.8 g). The mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.60 dB (std = 1.12 dB) and -32.24 dB (std = 1.87 dB), respectively. The mean TS values of cuttlebone were 0.19 dB and 0.04 dB lower than those of cuttlefish at 70 and 120 kHz, respectively. For 70 and 120 kHz combined, the mean TS value of cuttlebone was -32.87 dB, 0.11 dB lower than that of cuttlefish (-32.76 dB). On the other hand, the mean TS value of cuttlebone predicted by the regression ($TS_b$ = 24.86 $log_{10}$ $L_b$ - 4.86 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.58, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01) was -33.10 dB, 0.04 dB lower than that of cuttlefish predicted by the regression ($TS_c$ = 24.62 $log_{10}$ $L_c$ - 4.62 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.64, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01). That is, the contribution of cuttlebone to the cuttlefish TS determined by the measured results was slightly greater than that by the predicted results. These results suggest that cuttlebone is responsible for the TS of cuttlefish, and the contribution is estimated to be at least 99 % of the total echo strength.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2004

his paper presents a novel design technique for the TS fuzzy classifier via linear matrix inequalities(LMI). To design the TS fuzzy classifier built by the TS fuzzy model, the consequent parameters are determined to maximize the classifier's performance. Differ from the conventional fuzzy classifier design techniques, convex optimization technique is used to resolve the determination problem. Consequent parameter identification problems are first reformulated to the convex optimization problem. The convex optimization problem is then efficiently solved by converting linear matrix inequality problems. The TS fuzzy classifier has the optimal consequent parameter via the proposed design procedure in sense of the minimum classification error. Simulations are given to evaluate the proposed fuzzy classifier; Iris data classification and Wisconsin Breast Cancer Database data classification. Finally, simulation results show the utility of the integrated linear matrix inequalities approach to design of the TS fuzzy classifier.