• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 2011

Domestic franchise industry is growing rapidly as a promising business in 21st century and also ordinary people business. Domestic franchise headquarters and franchisees have increased exponentially. However, because of tough competition in the industry, headquarters' lack o fawareness of recruiting and managing franchisees, and reckless expansion strategy for the structural problem of profit structure and lack of experts, systematic management and support system are not going well. For these reasons, the need of franchisee management system is growing up in this industry. Domestic franchise industry is focused on appearance, the volume, while absence and lowness of internal management systems are making stores shut down and conflicts proving necessity of management system. In this study, we find and study the way to compensate these problems and systematize by cooperating within surance companies to manage franchisees, and eventually to be able to set up and use new systems including franchise management system, initial services, on goin gservices, lega lservices, tax services, labor services, and financial analysis and planning services.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.218-236
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• 1995

The author studied prognostic indicators of sixty Korean male alcoholics in psychological, social and biological aspects who were divided into abstinent and drinking groups. Thirty patients were assigned to each group. They were controlled in age and sex. Both groups were compared in terms of the demographic characteristics, past drinking history, treatment history, famaily history, ego strength and personality factors differences and distribution of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene Al allele. Also the author studied relation of clinical course, alcoholic family history and dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene Al allele in both groups. The results were as follows; 1) The abstinent group had higher rate of married state, higher economic status, longer education years and maintained more stable job than the drinking group. But made no differences in occupation and religion. 2) The abstinent group showed higher rate of living with family members than the drinking group, and wives and fellows of the alcoholics anonymous were important factors for maintenance of abstinence. Family loading and parent's characters were not different. 3) The abstinent group had longer maximal length of abstinence but mean amount of alcohol consumption per day were larger than the drinking group. But there were no differences in duration of past drinking, drinking pattern, main drinking time, first drinking age and preference of the kind of alcoholic beverage in the past drinking history. 4) The abstinent group showed stronger treatment motivation, absolute abstinence in treatment goal, more voluntary adimission and maintained longer therapeutic relationship otter discharge than the drinking group. But both groups showed negative attitude toward antabuse therapy. 5) The abstinent group had higher mean score in ego strength scale than the drinking group. 6) In the personality factor questionnaire, the abstinent group showed strong laugh poise and the trait of praxernia, conservatism personality but the drinking group showed tough poise, the trait of weak ego strength(unstableness) and tough mindedness personality. 7) In comparision of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene A1 allele, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the abstinent group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty percent and the frequency was 0.42 in the drinking group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. 8) In comparision of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene A1 allele according to alcoholic family history, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.43 in the family history positive group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty-one percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the family history negative group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. In comparision of past drinking history according to alcoholic family history, the family history positive group showed earlier first drinking and problem drinking, but the family history negative group hod longer duration of past drinking. The mean amount of alcohol consumption per day, the longest duration of abstinence and Alcoholism Screening Test of Seoul Natoinal Mental Hospital(NAST) results were not significant. In conclusion, the results suggest that successful prognostic indicators of Korean alcoholics are married state, higher economic status, longer education years, stable job, living with family members, longer abstinence during past drinking history, strong treatment motivation, absolute abstinence in treatment goal, voluntary adimission, maintained therapeufic relationship, strong ego strength and the trait of praxernia, conservatism personality. But occupation, religion, alcoholic family history, parent's characters, duration of past drinking, drinking pattern, main drinking time, first drinking age, preference of the kind of alcoholic beverage, attitude to antabuse therapy and distribution of dopamine $D_2$ receptor A1 allele were not significantly related to the prognostic indicators of Korean alcoholics.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.469-476
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• 2017

This study analyzed consumers' preferences and price sensitivity to native chickens. A survey was conducted from Jan 6 to 17, 2014, and data were collected from consumers (n=500) living in Korea. Statistical analyses evaluated the consumption patterns of native chickens, preference marketing for native chicken breeds which will be newly developed, and price sensitivity measurement (PSM). Of the subjects who preferred broilers, 24.3% do not purchase native chickens because of the dryness and tough texture, while those who preferred native chickens liked their chewy texture (38.2%). Of the total subjects, 38.2% preferred fried native chickens (38.2%) for processed food, 38.4% preferred direct sales for native chicken distribution, 51.0% preferred native chickens to be slaughtered in specialty stores, and 32.4% wanted easy access to native chickens. Additionally, the price stress range (PSR) was 50 won and the point of marginal cheapness (PMC) and point of marginal expensiveness (PME) were 6,980 won and 12,300 won, respectively. Evaluation of the segmentation market revealed that consumers who prefer broiler to native chicken breeds were more sensitive to the chicken price. To accelerate the consumption of newly developed native chicken meat, it is necessary to develop a texture that each consumer needs, to increase the accessibility of native chickens, and to have diverse menus and recipes as well as reasonable pricing for native chickens.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 2016

A series of aromatic poly(hydroxyamide)s (PHAs) containing varying oligo(oxyethylene) substituents and 1,3-phenylene imide ring unit in the main chain were synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction. The inherent viscosities of the PHAs exhibited in the range of 0.89~1.12 dL/g in DMAc or DMAc/LiCl solution. The PH-2~5 copolymers were easily soluble in strong aprotic solvents: DMAc, NMP, DMSO etc. and the PH-5 copolymer was soluble in less polar solvents such as m-creasol and pyridine with LiCl salt on heating. However, all PBOs were quite insoluble in other solvents, but only partially soluble in sulfuric acid. All copolymers (PH-2~5) could afford the flexible and tough films by solution casting. We identified that the PHAs were converted to the PBOs by the thermal cyclization reaction in the range of $200{\sim}380^{\circ}C$. The 10% weight loss temperatures and char yields of the PBOs were recorded in the range of $382{\sim}647^{\circ}C$ and 38.7~73.1% values at $900^{\circ}C$. The tensile strength and initial modulus of the PH-5 in the copolmers showed the highest values of 2.46 GPa and 49.55 MPa, respectively. The LOI values of the PHAs were in the range 26.6~29.0%, and increased with increasing 1,3-phenylene imide ring unit.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of emotional labor of nursing personnel working in comprehensive nursing service ward and to suggest the way service improvement can be achieved. Methods: A total of 28 nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward were divided into four groups to conduct focus group interview. All interviews were recorded and transcribed after the interview to perform data analysis in the order of data classification, topic categorization, and keyword derivation. Results: The five categories of subjects and relating keywords drawn from the focus group interviews are as follows: 1) Emotional labor experience: suppressing emotions, expressing emotions or actions that are different from reality, 2) Situations of emotional labor: verbal abuse and assault, sexual harassment, personal needs and errands, 3) Responses to emotional labor: responding directly, responding directly, receiving senior's help, using the organizational system, persevering, 4) Problems caused by emotional labor: work exhaustion, job change intention, job stress, 5) Protection plan against emotional labor: manual or education for nurses, education for patients and carers, compensation, tough sanctions though system strengthening. Conclusion: This study shows that although nurses working in comprehensive nursing service ward generally experience high levels of emotional labor, the problem solving of them relies mainly on personal response. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various measures to protect nurses in an organizational level response, thus to improve the comprehensive nursing service system.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) is an edible wild mushroom with tough fruiting body that belongs to the family Polyporaceae. It is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcer, anaemia, cough and fever. Recent studies have demonstrated its anticancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. However, little or no information is available regarding the bioactive components and toxicological study of wild dried L. squarrosulus. Therefore, this study investigated the bioactive components of aqueous extract of boiled wild dried L. squarrosulus and its toxicological effects in rats. The extract of L. squarrosulus was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The acute toxicity test was performed by oral administration of a single dose of up to 5,000 mg/kg extract of L. squarrosulus. In subacute study, the rats were orally administered extract of L. squarrosulus at the doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. The haematological, lipid profile, liver and kidney function parameters were determined and the histopathology of the liver and kidney were examined. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds; 1-tetradecene, fumaric acid, monochloride, 6-ethyloct-3-yl ester, 9-eicosene, phytol, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane. In acute toxicity study, neither death nor toxicity sign was recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed on creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Whilst no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on packed cell volume, heamoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and alkaline phosphatase, in all the tested doses. No histopathological alterations were recorded. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of L. squarrosulus may have antimicrobial, antinocieptive and antioxidant properties based on the result of GC-MS analysis. Results of the toxicity test showed no deleterious effect at the tested doses, suggesting that L. squarrosulus is safe for consumption at the tested doses.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2024

Different industries mostly rely on quality certification for promoting their products or brands. Although getting quality certification, specifically by human experts is a tough job to do. But the field of machine learning play a vital role in every aspect of life, if we talk about quality certification, machine learning is having a lot of applications concerning, assigning and assessing quality certifications to different products on a macro level. Like other brands, wine is also having different brands. In order to ensure the quality of wine, machine learning plays an important role. In this research, we use two datasets that are publicly available on the "UC Irvine machine learning repository", for predicting the wine quality. Datasets that we have opted for our experimental research study were comprised of white wine and red wine datasets, there are 1599 records for red wine and 4898 records for white wine datasets. The research study was twofold. First, we have used a technique called backward elimination in order to find out the dependency of the dependent variable on the independent variable and predict the dependent variable, the technique is useful for predicting which independent variable has maximum probability for improving the wine quality. Second, we used a robust machine learning algorithm known as "XGBoost" for efficient prediction of wine quality. We evaluate our model on the basis of error measures, root mean square error, mean absolute error, R2 error and mean square error. We have compared the results generated by "XGBoost" with the other state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, experimental results have showed, "XGBoost" outperform as compared to other state of the art machine learning techniques.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

Sustainable plastics can be mainly categorized into (1) biodegradable plastics decomposed into water and carbon dioxide after use, and (2) biomass-derived plastics possessing the carbon neutrality by utilizing raw materials converted from atmospheric carbon dioxide to biomass. Recently, biomass-derived engineering plastics (EP) and natural nanofiber-reinforced nanocomposites are emerging as a new direction of the industry. In addition to the eco-friendliness of natural resources, these materials are competitive over petroleum-based plastics in the high value-added plastics market. Polyesters and polycarbonates synthesized from isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, which are representative biomass-derived monomers, are at the forefront of industrialization due to their higher transparency, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and gas barrier properties. Moreover, isosorbide has potential to be applied to super EP material with continuous service temperature over 150 ℃. In situ polymerization utilizing surface hydrophilicity and multi-functionality of natural nanofibers such as nanocellulose and nanochitin achieves remarkable improvements of mechanical properties with the minimal dose of nanofillers. Biomass-derived tough-plastics covered in this review are expected to replace petroleum-based plastics by satisfying the carbon neutrality required by the environment, the high functionality by the consumer, and the accessibility by the industry.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.47-65
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• 2003

In Korea, Private security companies has steadily grown and amounts to 2,051 places as of November 30, 2002. Private security in korea is carrying out firm name role assignment to have held the police and public peace environment change factors for a standard faithfully, and protects social a little property that is a basic purpose, and it is spare no efforts in loss prevention. In spite of numeral increase of private security companies, private security companies have many problem. Moreover, they mostly did not have any remarkable in-house expertises in their own business under tough conditions. Under the unfavorable circumstances including insufficient investment and education in private security guard, there have been actually little further studies on private security business in practices. So this study mainly focused on addressing the installation security business managed by authorized companies, which amount to 96%(1,963 companies) of total 2,051 domestic security companies. Furthermore, the study formulated and modeled a series of business procedures in private security companies. A series of business procedures of private security companies can be modeled as follows : Setting of a business scope and aim market ${\Rightarrow}$ Marketing, Contact from customers(On-line or Off-line) ${\Rightarrow}$ Diagnosis of security target ${\Rightarrow}$ Submission of security operational plan ${\Rightarrow}$ Estimation of security operational plan ${\cdot}$ decision ${\Rightarrow}$ Contract ${\Rightarrow}$ Employment, selection of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ Nomination of security guard instructors ${\Rightarrow}$ Education & training of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ subscribe to insurance of damage liability ${\Rightarrow}$ Commitment and placement of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ Establishment and preparation of security planning ${\Rightarrow}$ Field management and procurement of relevant security service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

Recently, global market competition of iron and steel products is ever increasing due to over-supply from increased number of industries in rapidly growing countries, such as China, Brazil, and Indonesia. To occupy the big market, major industries are trying to develop high quality, high performance steel products via developing a new iron and steel making process. In other words, development of a new and innovative steel plant is a key to cope with the tough situation. Design and development for the life cycle of iron and steel making plant is very much complex and multi-disciplinary. In this paper, Plant Systems Engineering (PSE), a tailored SE process for industrial plant based on ISO/IEC 15288 is used for the design of Continuous Casting Process (CCP) Plant system. The CCP is a crucial process in steel making plant, whose design technology is occupied by the advanced foreign companies. For the sake of increasing engineering capability for the design of CCP, we applied PSE Process for the renovation of the existing CCP Process. Through the study, we were convinced that the applied method can be used for other plant systems, and SE is really the way of thinking, design, and development of modern complex and multi-disciplinary systems where high risk factors are present throughout the whole life cycle.