Toxicological Research

  • 제35권2호
  • /
  • Pages.181-190
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 1976-8257(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-2753(eISSN)
한국독성학회 (Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Toxicological Evaluation of Phytochemical Characterized Aqueous Extract of Wild Dried Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Mushroom in Rats

  • 투고 : 2018.07.29
  • 심사 : 2018.10.04
  • 발행 : 2019.04.15
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) is an edible wild mushroom with tough fruiting body that belongs to the family Polyporaceae. It is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcer, anaemia, cough and fever. Recent studies have demonstrated its anticancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. However, little or no information is available regarding the bioactive components and toxicological study of wild dried L. squarrosulus. Therefore, this study investigated the bioactive components of aqueous extract of boiled wild dried L. squarrosulus and its toxicological effects in rats. The extract of L. squarrosulus was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The acute toxicity test was performed by oral administration of a single dose of up to 5,000 mg/kg extract of L. squarrosulus. In subacute study, the rats were orally administered extract of L. squarrosulus at the doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. The haematological, lipid profile, liver and kidney function parameters were determined and the histopathology of the liver and kidney were examined. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds; 1-tetradecene, fumaric acid, monochloride, 6-ethyloct-3-yl ester, 9-eicosene, phytol, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane. In acute toxicity study, neither death nor toxicity sign was recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed on creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Whilst no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on packed cell volume, heamoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and alkaline phosphatase, in all the tested doses. No histopathological alterations were recorded. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of L. squarrosulus may have antimicrobial, antinocieptive and antioxidant properties based on the result of GC-MS analysis. Results of the toxicity test showed no deleterious effect at the tested doses, suggesting that L. squarrosulus is safe for consumption at the tested doses.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Kidd, P.M. (2000) The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment. Altern. Med. Rev., 5, 4-27.
  2. Garcia-Lafuente, A., Moro, C., Villares, A., Guillamon, E., Rostagno, M.A., D'Arrigo, M. and Martinez, J.A. (2011) Mushrooms as a source of anti-inflammatory agents. Am. J. Community Psychol., 48, 125-141.
  3. Schillaci, D., Arizza, V., Gargano, M.L. and Venturella, G. (2013) Antibacterial activity of mediterranean oyster mushrooms, species of genus pleurotus (higher basidiomycetes). Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 15, 591-594. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v15.i6.70
  4. Ribeiro, B., Valentao, P., Baptista, P., Seabra, R.M. and Andrade, P.B. (2007) Phenolic compounds, organic acids profiles and antioxidative properties of beefsteak fungus (Fistulina hepatica). Food Chem. Toxicol., 45, 1805-1813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.03.015
  5. Ghate, S.D. and Sridhar, K.R. (2017) Bioactive potential of Lentinus squarrosulus and Termitomyces clypeatus from the Southwestern region of India. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour., 8, 120-131.
  6. Kirbag, S. and Akyuz, M. (2010) Nutritive value of edible wild and cultured mushrooms. Turkish J. Biol., 34, 97-102.
  7. De Leon, A.M., Guinto, L.J.Z.G., De Ramos, P.D.V. and Kalaw, S.P. (2017) Enriched cultivation of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) singer: a newly domesticated wild edible mushroom in the Philippines. Mycosphere, 8, 615-629, https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/3/9
  8. Ayaz, F.A., Chuang, L.T., Torun, H., Colak, A, Sesli, E., Presley, J., Smith, B.R. and Glew, R.H. (2011) Fatty acid and amino acid compositions of selected wild-edible mushrooms consumed in Turkey. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 62, 328-335. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2010.533160
  9. Omar, N.A.M., Abdullah, N., Kuppusamy, U.R., Abdulla, M.A. and Sabaratnam, V. (2011) Nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and antiulcer potential of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Mycelia extract. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2011, 539356.
  10. Okigbo, R.N. and Nwatu, C.M. (2015) Ethnostudy and usage of edible and medicinal mushrooms in some parts of Anambra State, Nigeria. Nat. Resour., 6, 79-89. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2015.61008
  11. Oyetayo, O.V. (2011) Medicinal uses of mushrooms in Nigeria:towards full and sustainable exploitation. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement Altern. Med., 8, 267-274. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i3.65289
  12. Omar, N.A.M., Sumaiyah, Abdullah, N.A., Kuppusamy, U.R., Abdulla, M.A. and Sabaratnam, V. (2015) Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) mycelium enhanced antioxidant status in rat model. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 9, 5957.
  13. Lau, B.F. and Abdullah, N. (2017) Bioprospecting of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., an underutilized wild edible mushroom, as a potential source of functional ingredients: a review. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 61, 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.017
  14. Venkatachalapathi, A. and Paulsamy, S. (2016) Exploration of wild medicinal mushroom species in Walayar valley, the Southern Western Ghats of Coimbatore District Tamil Nadu. Mycosphere, 7, 118-130. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/2/3
  15. Poompouang, S. and Suksomtip, M. (2016). Isolation and characterization of an antifungal peptide from fruiting bodies of edible mushroom Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. Malays. J. Microbiol., 12, 43-49.
  16. Anno, A.H.F., Konan, H.K., Kouadio, J.P.E.N., Due, E.A. and Kouame, L.P. (2016) Chemical composition and nutritional value of two edible mushrooms from three regions of Cote d'Ivoire. J. Basic Appl. Res., 2, 119-125.
  17. Ng, S.H., Mohd Zain, M.S., Zakaria, F., Wan Ishak, W.R. and Wan Ahmad, W.A.N. (2015) Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of Pleurotus sajor-caju aqueous extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed. Res. Int., 2015, 214918.
  18. Attarat, J. and Thamisak, R. (2014) Anticancer PSP and phenolic compounds in Lentinus squarrosulus and Lentinus polychrous in The 5th International Conference on Natural Products for Health and Beauty. pp. 263-267.
  19. Obodai, M., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Fernandes, A., Barros, L., Mensah, D.L.N., Dzomeku, M., Urben, A.F., Prempeh, J. and Takli, R.K. (2014) Evaluation of the chemical and antioxidant properties of wild and cultivated mushrooms of Ghana. Molecules, 19, 19532-19548. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191219532
  20. Ademola, I.O. and Odeniran, P.O. (2017) Novel trypanocide from an extract of Pleurotus sajor-caju against Trypanosoma congolense. Pharm. Biol., 55, 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1230878
  21. Valverde, M.E., Hernandez-Perez, T. and Paredes-Lopez, O. (2015) Edible mushrooms: Improving human health and promoting quality life. Int. J. Microbiol., 2015, 376387. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/376387
  22. Ayodele, S.M. and Idoko, M.E. (2011) Antimicrobial activities of four wild edible mushrooms in Nigeria. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 2, 55-58.
  23. Borokini, F., Lajide, L., Olaleye, T., Boligon, A., Athayde, M. and Adesina, I. (2016) Chemical profile and antimicrobial activities of two edible mushrooms (Termitomyces robustus and Lentinus squarrosulus). J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci., 5, 416-423. https://doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2016.5.5.416-423
  24. Minato, K.-I. (2010) Mushrooms: immunomodulating activity and role in health promotion in Dietary Components and Immune Function. Springer, pp. 529-539.
  25. Alam, N., Amin, R., Khan, A., Ara, I., Shim, M.J., Lee, M.W. and Lee, T.S. (2008) Nutritional Analysis of Cultivated Mushrooms in Bangladesh-Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus florida and Calocybe indica. Mycobiology, 36, 228-232. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2008.36.4.228
  26. Barros, L., Ferreira, M.-J., Queiros, B., Ferreira, I.C. and Baptista, P. (2007) Total phenols, ascorbic acid, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene in Portuguese wild edible mushrooms and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem., 103, 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.038
  27. Guillamon, E., Garcia-Lafuente, A., Lozano, M., Rostagno, M.A., Villares, A. and Martinez, J.A. (2010) Edible mushrooms:role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Fitoterapia, 81, 715-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.06.005
  28. Kalac, P. (2013) A review of chemical composition and nutritional value of wild-growing and cultivated mushrooms. J. Sci. Food Agric., 93, 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5960
  29. Mattila, P., Lampi, A.-M., Ronkainen, R., Toivo, J. and Piironen, V. (2002) Sterol and vitamin D2 contents in some wild and cultivated mushrooms. Food Chem., 76, 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00275-8
  30. Care Animal Use Committee (1998) Guidelines for the capture, handling, and care of mammals as approved by the American Society of Mammalogists. J. Mammal., 79, 1416-1431. https://doi.org/10.2307/1383033
  31. National research council (NRC) (2010) Guide for The Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Academies Press.
  32. Organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) (2001) Guideline 423: Acute Oral Toxicity-Acute Toxic Class Method. 470 adopted by the council on 17th, December 2001.
  33. Organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) (1995) Guideline 407: Repeated-Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. 468 adopted by the council on 27th, July 1995.
  34. Bain, B.J., Bates, I. and Laffan, M.A. (2016) Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, Elsevier Health Sciences.
  35. Fisher, D.I., Safrany, S.T., Strike, P., McLennan, A.G. and Cartwright, J.L. (2002) Nudix hydrolases that degrade dinucleoside and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates also have 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) pyrophosphatase activity that generates the glycolytic activator ribose 1,5-bisphosphate. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 47313-47317. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M209795200
  36. Srivastava, S.K. and Singh, S.V. (2004) Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation in anti-proliferative activity of benzyl isothiocyanate against human pancreatic cancer cells. Carcinogenesis, 25, 1701-1709. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgh179
  37. Santos. C.C.M.P., Salvadori, M.S., Mota, V.G., Costa, L.M., de Almeida, A.A.C., de Oliveira, G.A.L., Costa, J.P., de Sousa, D.P., de Freitas, R.M. and de Almeida, R.N. (2013) Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of phytol in vivo and in vitro models. Neuroscience Journal, 2013, 949452. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/949452
  38. Ser, H.L., Palanisamy, U.D., Yin, W.F., Abd Malek, S.N., Chan, K.G., Goh, B.H. and Lee, L.H. (2015) Presence of antioxidative agent, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-in newly isolated Streptomyces mangrovisoli sp. nov. Front. Microbiol., 6, 854. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00854
  39. Hussein, J.H., Hadi, M.Y. and Hameed, I.H. (2016) Study of chemical composition of Foeniculum vulgare using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and Gas chromatography -mass spectrometry. J. Pharmacognosy Phytother., 8, 60-89. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2015.0372
  40. Dalli, A.K., Saha, G. and Chakraborty, U. (2007) Characterization of antimicrobial compounds from a common fern, Pteris biaurita. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 45, 285-290.
  41. Kong, B.H., Tan, N.H., Fung, S.Y. and Pailoor, J. (2016) Sub-acute toxicity study of tiger milk mushroom Lignosus tigris Chon S. Tan Cultivar E sclerotium in Sprague Dawley rats. Front. Pharmacol., 7, 246.
  42. Kifayatullah, M., Mustafa, M.S., Sengupta, P., Sarker, M.M.R., Das, A. and Das, S.K. (2015) Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr. in BALB/c mice. J. Acute Dis., 4, 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joad.2015.06.010
  43. Matsuzawa, T. and Inoue, H. (1998) Biological Reference Data on CD (SD) IGS Rats-1998: CD (SD) IGS Study Group.
  44. Granados-Echegoyen, C., Perez-Pacheco, R., Alexander-Aguilera, A., Lagunez-Rivera, L., Alonso-Hernandez, N. and Chairez-Martinez, E.J (2015) Effects of aqueous and ethanol extract of dried leaves of Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Bignonaceae) on haematological and biochemical parameters of Wistar rats. Asian. Pac. J. Reprod., 4, 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2305-0500(15)30009-9
  45. Adeyemi, O.T., Osilesi, O., Adebawo, O.O., Onajobi, F.D., Oyedemi, S.O. and Afolayan, A. (2015) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Activities in selected tissues of rats fed on processed atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Adv. Biosci. Biotechnol., 6, 139. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2015.63014
  46. Ioannou, G.N., Weiss, N.S., Boyko, E.J., Mozaffarian, D. and Lee, S.P. (2006) Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity and calculated risk of coronary heart disease in the United States. Hepatology, 43, 1145-1151. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21171
  47. Nurul, S.A.S., Hazilawati, H., Mohd, R.S., Mohd, F.H.R., Noordin, M.M. and Norhaizan, E. (2018). Subacute oral toxicity assesment of ethanol extract of Mariposa christia vespertilionis leaves in male Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicol. Res., 34, 85-95. https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2018.34.2.085
  48. Kanagasabapathy, G., Malek, S.N.A., Mahmood, A.A., Chua, K.H., Vikineswary, S. and Kuppusamy, U.R. (2013) Betaglucan-rich extract from Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer prevents obesity and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice fed on a high-fat diet. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013, 185259.