• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2003

풀러렌[$C_{60},\;C_{70}$]을 benzoylperoxide, trichloroisocyanuric acid, methyltrioxorhenium(VII), iodosobenzene 그리고 phosphorous pentoxide 등의 산화제를 사용하여 상온, 초음파 조건에서 풀러렌 산화물을 제조하였다. MALDI-TOF MS, UV-VIS 그리고 HPLC를 사용하여 분석한 결과 생성된 풀러렌 산화물은 [$C_{60}(O)_n$], ($n=1{\sim}3$ 또는 n=1)과 [$C_{70}(O)_n$], ($n=1{\sim}2$ 또는 n=1)임을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 동일한 실험 조건에서 $C_{60}$ 반응속도는 $C_{70}$ 보다 높았다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.450-455
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• 2009

The "stage albinism line of winter wheat" FA85 was a specific natural mutant strain on leaf color. This physiological mutation was controlled by cytogene. In order to reveal the genetic and biochemical mechanism of albinism, 2-DE was used to investigate the difference of chloroplast protein expression pattern between FA85 and its parent wheat Aibian 1. From the results of 2-DE gels analysis, approximately 683 spots were detected on each gel, and 57 spots were expressed differently at least two-fold. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, 14 of 57 spots were identified, which could be categorized into four classes: carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, defense/stress response and signal transduction. Compared with the parent wheat, the expression of ATPase-$\gamma$ and GP1-$\alpha$ was up-regulated in FA85, and of other proteins was down-regulated. Together, we concluded that the expression of chloroplast proteins had changed obviously in FA85, which might be related to the leaf color mutant.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2022

A rapid and reliable approach to the identification of microorganisms is a critical requirement for large-scale culturomics analysis. MALDI-TOF MS is a suitable technique that can be a better alternative to conventional biochemical and gene sequencing methods as it is economical both in terms of cost and labor. In this review, the applications of MALDI-TOF MS for the comprehensive identification of microorganisms and bacterial strain typing for culturomics-based approaches for various environmental studies including bioremediation, plant sciences, agriculture and food microbiology have been widely explored. However, the restriction of this technique is attributed to insufficient coverage of the mass spectral database. To improve the applications of this technique for the identification of novel isolates, the spectral database should be updated with the peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of type strains with not only microbes with clinical relevance but also from various environmental sources. Further, the development of enhanced sample processing methods and new algorithms for automation and de-replication of isolates will increase its application in microbial ecology studies.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2014

혈당 강하를 목적으로 선발된 수수계통의 종자 유래 펩타이드의 양적, 질적 형질을 특성화하고 혈당 강하 수수에서 특이적으로 발현 펩타이드를 선발하기 위하여, 혈당 강하수수 7계통과 비 혈당 강하 수수 5계통에 대한 종자 펩타이드 프로파일링을 SELDI-TOF MS 기법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 1. 분자량의 범위가 2~20 kDa에서 검출된 수수 12계통 종자의 펩타이드는 CM10 (weak cation exchanger)에서 104개와 Q10 (strong anion exchanger)에서 95개였으며, 펩타이드 양적발현에서 12계통 간 유의성(p < 0.01)을 보인 펩타이드는 CM10에서 99개와 Q10에서 93개였다. 2. 12계통 간 양적 발현에 유의적(p < 0.01) 펩타이드를 이용한 heat map 분석에서 수수 각 계통 종자의 고유한 펩타이드 프로파일과 특이적으로 발현하는 펩타이드를 제시하고 있다. 3. 수수 12계통간의 근연거리를 이용한 군집분석에서 혈당 강하 수수 7계통과 비 혈당 강하 수수 5계통이 서로 다른 2개의 군집을 형성하였다. 4. 혈당 강하 계통에서 유의성(p < 0.00001)이 있게 발현되는 펩타이드를 29개 선정하였으며, 이중에서 혈당강하 계통에서만 공통적으로 높게 발현된 10개의 펩타이드(분자량이 2231.6, 2845.4, 2907.9, 3063.5, 3132.6, 3520.8, 4078.8, 5066.2, 5296.5, 5375.5 Da)를 선발하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2006

The aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs), which include benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dioxin, are important chemical and environmental contaminants in industry that usually cause various diseases. Over the years, numerous studies have described and evaluated the adverse health effects induced by AHs. Currently, "Omics" technologies, transcriptomics and proteomics, have been applied in AH toxicity studies. Proteomics has been used to identify molecular mechanisms and biomarkers associated with global chemical toxicity. It could enhance our ability to characterize chemical-induced toxicities and to identify noninvasive biomarkers. The proteomic approach (e.g. 2-dimensional electrophoresis [2-DE]), can be used to observe changes in protein expression during chemical exposure with high sensitivity and specificity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization-quadrupole (ESI-Q)-TOF MS/MS are recognized as the most important protein identification tools. This review describes proteomic technologies and their application in the proteomic analysis of AH toxicity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2011

The Angelica root has been used as a medicinal herb in many Asian countries including Korea, China, and Japan. Angelica gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba have been considered as Angelicae radix in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia, respectively. Since the origins of Angelicae radix differ from country to country, there is a need to develop an efficient analytical method to identify the origin of the Angelica root. In order to obtain chemical fingerprints, three different Angelicae Radices were analyzed by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Significantly different DART-MS spectra were observed from three different species of Angelicae Radix. Strong peaks of decursin or decusinol angelate, and its dimer were exclusively found from A. gigas. Ligustilide and linoleic acid were detected as the major component from A. acutiloba. The strongest ligustilide peak was observed from A. sinensis. DART-MS fingerprinting is a promising method for the rapid identification and/or quality control of Angelicae Radix.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2017

While saliva can be considered as good biological fluid for monitoring biomarkers due to many advantages including its communication with blood and the non-invasive nature during its sampling, its applications to that purpose is still limited. As a part of efforts to expand the applications of saliva to the protein biomarker research, we carried out global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva (WS) by bottom-up proteomics techniques mainly based on nLC-Q-IMS-TOF employing $MS^E$. From the analyses of a pooled WS sample collected from 22 healthy Korean volunteers, 93 proteins ranging from $5.89{\times}10^1ng/mL$ (immunoglobulin heavy chain) to $1.59{\times}10^4ng/mL$ (${\alpha}-amylase$ 1) were confirmed. For the validation of the present results, human serum albumin in the same sample was quantitated by ELISA and its result was compared with that from the nLC-Q-IMS-TOF study. As a result, there was no significant difference between two results from individual approaches ($1.18{\times}10^4{\pm}0.03{\times}10^4 ng/mL$ from nLC-Q-IMS-TOF experiments vs. $1.23{\times}10^4{\pm}0.07{\times}10^4ng/mL$ from ELISA experiments, n=3, p=0.309). To our knowledge, this is the first global absolute quantitation of proteins in human whole saliva and information from the present study can be widely used as the first level reference for the discovery of new protein biomarkers from human whole saliva as well as for quantitative applications of human whole saliva proteins.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1112-1121
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• 2018

Jeotgal is a Korean traditional fermented seafood with a high concentration of salt. In this study, we isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from galchi (Trichiurus lepturus, hairtail) and myeolchi (Engraulis japonicas, anchovy) jeotgal on MRS agar and MRS agar containing 5% NaCl (MRS agar+5% NaCl), and identified them by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as culture-dependent methods. We also performed polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) as a culture-independent method to identify bacterial communities. Five samples of galchi-jeotgal and seven samples of myeolchi-jeotgal were collected from different regions in Korea. A total of 327 and 395 colonies were isolated from the galchi- and myeolchi-jeotgal samples, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS revealed that the genus Pediococcus was predominant on MRS agar, and Tetragenococcus halophilus on MRS agar+5% NaCl. PCR-DGGE revealed that T. halophilus, Tetragenococcus muriaticus, and Lactobacillus sakei were predominant in both types of jeotgal. T. halophilus was detected in all samples. Even though the same species were identified by both culture-dependent and -independent methods, many species identified by the culture-dependent methods were not in the bacterial list identified by the culture-independent methods. The distribution of bacteria in galchi-jeotgal was more diverse than in myeolchi-jeotgal. The diverse LAB in galchi- and myeolchi-jeotgals can be further studied as candidates for starter cultures to produce fermented foods.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2018

Bovine milk is widely consumed by humans and is a primary ingredient of dairy foods. Proteomic approaches have the potential to elucidate complex milk proteins and have been used to study milk of various species. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify whey proteins in bovine milk obtained soon after parturition (bovine early milk). The major casein proteins were removed, and the whey proteins were analyzed with 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). The whey proteins (2 mg) were separated by pI and molecular weight across pH ranges of 3.0 - 10.0 and 4.0 - 7.0. The 2-DE gels held about 300 to 700 detectable protein spots. We randomly picked 12 and nine spots that were consistently expressed in the pH 3.0 - 10.0 and pH 4.0 - 7.0 ranges, respectively. Following MALDI-TOF MS analysis, the 21 randomly selected proteins included proteins known to be present in bovine milk, such as albumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin precursor, T cell receptor, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, aldehyde oxidase and microglobulin. These proteins have major functions in immune responses, metabolism and protein binding. In summary, we herein identified both known and novel whey proteins present in bovine early milk, and our sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed their expression pattern.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.859-865
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• 2003

Surfactin is a mixture of cyclic lipopeptides built from variants of a heptapeptide and a ${\beta}-hydroxy$ fatty acid produced by several strains of Bacillus sp. Surfactin isoforms produced by endophytic Bacillus sp. CY22 from a balloon flower were isolated and characterized. It was found that the purified surfactin had three isoforms with protonated masses of m/z 1,008, 1,022, and 1,036, and different structures in combination with Na, K, Ca ions using MALDI-TOF MS, ESI-MS/MS, and ICP MS, respectively. In the MS/MS analysis, the isolated surfactin had the identical amino acid sequence (LLVDLL) and hydroxy fatty acids (with 13 to 15 carbons in length), even though isolated from different Bacillus strains. The sfp22 gene, required for producing the surfactin, consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) of 675 bp encoding 224 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of sfp22 was very similar to that of Ipa-8.