• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2009

In electrical power supply systems, an earthing system determines the electrical potential of the conductors relative to that of the Earth's conductive surface. The choice of earthing system has implications for the safety of the power supply. Note that regulations for earthing (grounding) systems vary considerably among different countries. A protective earth(PE) connection ensures that all exposed conductive surfaces are at the same electrical potential as the surface of the Earth, This paper investigates that when PEN conductor of TN-C-S system is disconnected, dangerous touch voltage is caused at personnel body. According to this paper, we can understand that when TN-C-S system is applied in Korea, what we should set up to ensure the personnel safety from fault current.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.286-290
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• 1992

The present study was performed to isolate the fluorescent pseudomonads from Kwang-Ju soil and to construct a mutant strain defective in siderophore biosynthesis. The siderophore-secreting pseudomonads were screened on Blue agar (Chrome Azuol S agar) plates and one strain of them was designated to Pseudominas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) PY002. To construct a mutant defective in siderophore biosynthesis, P. fluorescens PY002 was randomly mutagenized with a transposon Tn5. The location of Tn5 integrated into chromosomal of the mutants strain was determined by Southern blot analysis. The mutagenized strain showed non-fluorescent on a King's B agar plate and were defective in iron (III) acquisition ability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 1995

This paper presents results from a study of the effects of age and sex on body and carcass composition of different goat genotypes. A completely randomized $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial design was used. Factors were genotype (Thai Native; TN, $50%TN{\times}50%$ Anglo-Nubian (AN) and $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ goats), age ($206{\pm}8$, $349{\pm}9$ and $428{\pm}8days$ or 6.9, 11.6 and 14.3 months, respectively) and sex (male and female). It was shown that TN kids had significantly higher (p < 0.05) hind percentage (7.9%) compared with $50%TN{\times}50% AN$ (7.2%) and $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ (7.1 %) kids. TN kids had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher heart percentage (0.44%) than that of $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ kids (0.38%). However, there was no significant difference in heart percentage between TN and $50%TN{\times}50%AN$ and between $50% TN{\times}50%AN$ and $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ kids. TN and $50%TN{\times}50%AN$ kids had significantly higher (p < 0.05) carcass muscle content (63.1 and 63.7%, respectively) than did $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ kids (59.9%). Kids at 6.9 months of age had significantly higher percentages of hide, feet, intestinal tract, liver, heart, kidneys and carcass bone than those of kids at 11.6 and 14.3 months of age. There were no significant differences in these characteristics between kids at 11.6 and 14.3 months of age. However, kids at 11.6 and 14.3 months of age had significantly higher percentages of omental fat, dressing carcass, muscle, total fat (subcutaneous + intermuscular + kidney and pelvic fat), muscle to bone ratios (MBR), and muscle plus fat to bone ratios (MFBR) than those of kids at 6.9 months. Males had significantly higher gut contents, but lower percentages of liver, omental fat and heart. Prediction equations were developed relating empty body weight (EBW) to hot carcass weight and some dissectible carcass fractions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1995

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of internal parasites on growth rates of Thai Native (TN) and crossbred (75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian, AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN) goats (undrenched, drenched every 3 weeks or at 9 weeks) in village environments in southern Thailand in a humid tropical climate. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in growth rate ($g/kg^{0.75}/d$) between the genotypes during unsupplemented grazing (0-64 days of the experimental period). However, during supplementary feeding (64-127 days) and throughout the period (0-127 days) TN goats had significantly (p < 0.01) lower growth rates compared with 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN goats. There was no (p > 0.05) significant difference in growth rates between 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50 % AN goats. The growth rates of goats drenched every 3 weeks were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those undrenched or drenched at 9 weeks. The results of this study also indicate that drenching alone did not result in increased weight gain except when the nutritional status was also improved. Parasitic infection affected some blood constituents, such as pack cell volume, haemoglobin, total protein and albumin. This resulted in lower growth rates for control groups and goats drenched at 9 weeks compared to those of goats drenched every 3 weeks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 2009

Mobile genetic segments, or transposons, are also referred to as jumping genes as they can shift from one position in the genome to another, thus inducing a chromosomal mutation. According to the target site-specificity of the transposon during a transposition event, the result is either the insertion of a gene of interest at a specific chromosomal site, or the creation of knockout mutants. The former situation includes the integration of conjugative transposons via site-specific recombination, several transposons preferring a target site of a conserved AT-rich sequence, and Tn7 being site-specifically inserted at attTn7, the downstream of the essential glmS gene. The latter situation is exploited for random mutagenesis in many prokaryotes, including IS (insertion sequence) elements, mariner, Mu, Tn3 derivatives (Tn4430 and Tn917), Tn5, modified Tn7, Tn10, Tn552, and Ty1, enabling a variety of genetic manipulations. Randomly inserted transposons have been previously employed for a variety of applications such as genetic footprinting, gene transcriptional and translational fusion, signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM), DNA or cDNA sequencing, transposon site hybridization (TraSH), and scanning linker mutagenesis (SLM). Therefore, transposon-mediated genetic engineering is a valuable discipline for the study of bacterial physiology and pathogenesis in living hosts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.591-595
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• 1996

This paper presents results from a study of the age and weight at puberty of Thai does. A randomized block $3{\times}3$ factorial design was used. Factors were genotype (Thai Native; TN, 75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian; AN and 50 TN $\times$ 50% AN does), year of kidding (1989, 1990 and 1991) and birth type (single or twin) as a block. It was shown that there were no significant (p > 0.05) difference in age at puberty among genotypes ($167.6{\pm}6.0$, $157.6{\pm}7.0$ and 160.0 = 4.7 days for TN, 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN does, respectively) and between birth types. However, does kidded in 1991 had significantly (p < 0.01) longer age at puberty ($194.0{\pm}7.4$ days) than did does kidded in 1989 ($143.0{\pm}4.5$ days) or in 1990 ($148.1{\pm}5.7$ days). There was an interaction effect between genotype and year. Fifty % TN $\times$ 50% AN does had significantly (p < 0.05) higher weights at pubery ($17.2{\pm}0.4kg$) than those of TN($14.3{\pm}0.5kg$ and 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN ($14.4{\pm}0.6kg$) does. There was no significant difference in weights at puberty between TN and 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN does. There was no effect of birth type on weight at puberty. There was an interaction effect between genotype and year of kidding on age and weight at puberty and on growth rate from birth to weaning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2012

A conductor has been produced according to IEC standard and low voltage electrical facility has been installed according to IEC 60364. So we must comply with international standard for design, construction and inspection. But because of many related and varied standards, it is difficult to apply to design and inspect for electrical equipment. We researched the necessity of design guide which is detailed and systematization from survey. For detailed design guide, we suggest calculation method of protective conductor cross-sectional area at TN-S system according to BS 7671 regulation and KS C IEC 60364 standard.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 1998

This study was designed to identify the efficiency of serum troponin-T(s-TnT) level as a diagnostic indicator for the perioperative myocardial damage with open heart surgery(OHS) and to compare with the conventional myocardial enzyme tests such as isoenzyme fraction of creatine kinase(% CK-MB) and isoenzyme ratio of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH1/LDH2 ratio). The study was performed on 30 adult patients who underwent OHS from Jan. 1996 to June 1996 at Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, and they were divided into two groups accor- ding to aortic clamping time(ACT) duration : group I(ACT＜60 minutes, n=15); group II (ACT＞60 minutes, n=15). S-TnT, % CK-MB, and LDH1/LDH2 ratio were measured in serial blood samples from all subjected patients. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In both groups, s-TnT concentrations increased gradually during OHS and elevated significantly at CPB-10(p＜0.001). The peak level was noticed at POD 1 in group I(1.10 $\pm$0.19 ng/ml), whereas, at CPB-off in group II(1.88$\pm$0.42 ng/ml). The elevated levels remained until POD 7 in both groups. 2. %CK-MB was risen significantly with the initiation of operations(p＜0.001) and the peak levels were noticed at CPB-off in both groups(7.14$\pm$0.86% in group I, 10.69$\pm$1.27% in group II). Thereafter, these levels returned to normal values at POD 3. 3. There were no significant changes in the values of LDH1/LDH2 ratio during and after OHS compared with the control levels(p＞0.05). 4. The serial changes of s-TnT were relatively well correlated with those of changes of % CK-MB(r=0.64, p＜0.05). 5. The serial s-TnT levels were significantly higher in group II than group I from B-ACR to POD 1(p＜0.05), suggesting that duration of aortic clamping time was a major factor concerned with perioperative myocardial injury. In conclusion, measurement of s-TnT is a very useful indicator in assessing the myocardial cell damage and therefore it is expected that serial checking and evaluation of the s-TnT is very available for identification of the perioperative myocardial damage and for postoperative cares in patients with OHS.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1977

Flowering dates of 389 plant species in the Hongneung Arboretum, Seoul, had been recorded from 1968 through 1975. The thermal analysis on the air temperature as the key factor determining the first flowering date, with climatological data obtained in the Arboretum, were undertaken by Nuttonson's Index (1948) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (1956). The results and conclusion in this study are as follow; Peak in the bell shape distribution curve of the species and first flowering dates, largely, was early May. Flower spans of most species were 10 to 20 days, neverthless, some species flower only a few days while others may stay flowering a hundred days even more. Increase-curves of summation temperature from early spring through late-summer showed almost the same mode in both Nuttonson;s Index (Tn) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (T1). These Indices manifested the exponential curve, increasing slowly at the beginning of spring chiefly but rapidly from the middle part of April. The equation of the linear relationahip between Tn and Tl as far as in thisstudy is as follow. Tl=230Tn It appears that the distribution of summation temperature, below Tn=400°C·day, affects the first flowering, even though it could be modified somehow by the distribution of precipitation, day length and others. Nuttonson's Index (Tn.f) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (Tl.f) upon the thermal amount first flowering dates have been respectively simulated as follow. Tn.f=θa + C Tl.f=230θa + 230C where θ is air temperature 10°C, a and C are a constant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.498-501
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• 2004

In this study, the threshold voltage and the response time of thermal stressed TN-LCDs showed the same performances on no thermal stressed TN-LCDs. There was little change of value in TN cells. Also, the transmittances of TN-LCDs on the rubbed PI surface were almost same while increasing thermal stress time. However, the thermal stability of TN cell was decreased by the high thermal stress for the long duration. Residual DC was decreased as the thermal stress increases. Especially, when TN cell was stressed more and more by heating, residual DC was changed a lot. As a result, the residual DC property of LCD in projection TV is affected very much by heating.