• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권9호
• /
• pp.609-613
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 미세조류 생장에 중요한 영향인자인 N/P ratio가 미세조류의 생장과 하수의 영양염류 제거에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험을 위하여 1-70까지의 다양한 N/P ratio를 준비하였으며, 미세조류는 Botryococcus braunii를 사용하였다. 실험결과 바이오매스 생산을 위하여 필요한 N/P ratio는 5-30이었다. TN의 제거율은 N/P ratio 1-30까지는 82%, 31-70까지는 73-78%의 제거율을 나타내어 TN 제거를 위한 N/P ratio는 1-30까지가 가장 좋았다. TP의 제거율 N/P ratio 1-20까지는 80% 이상의 높은 제거율을 나타내었지만, 20 이상부터는 급격하게 하락하여 50 이상에서는 22% 정도의 제거율로 변화가 없이 일정하였다. 따라서 바이오매스 생산량과 하수에서의 TN, TP의 제거를 위한 N/P ratio는 1-30이 가장 좋은 비율로 나타났다. TN, TP 제거율과 바이오매스의 생산량 상관관계는 TP 제거율과 바이오매스 생산량의 상관계수가($R^2$) 0.9126으로 상관관계가 매우 높았으나, TN 제거율과 바이오매스 생산량과의 상관관계는 찾을 수가 없었다. 이는 하수에서 TP의 함량이 TN의 함량보다 바이오매스 생산량에 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 제5회 학술대회 논문집 일렉트렛트 및 응용기술연구회
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2003

Electro-Optical (EO) performances for the ion beam (IB) aligned twisted-nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with ion beam exposure on the new of diamond like carbon (DLC) thin film surface were investigated. Voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve and response time without backflow bounce in the ion beam aligned TN-LCD with ion beam exposure for 0.5 and 1min on the DLC thin film was observed. Also. the fast response time of ion beam aligned TN-LCD with ion beam exposure for 1min on the DLC thin film surface can be achieved. The residual DC voltage of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD on the DLC thin film surface was almost the same as that of the rubbing aligned TN-LCD on the polyimide(PI) surface.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.3911-3916
• /
• 2016

Background: Triple negative (TN) and triple positive (TP) breast cancers both are aggressive types but TN generally has a shorter survival. Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes for patients with TN versus TP breast cancer and to assess various prognostic factors affecting overall survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective audit of 85 breast cancer patients was conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology on patients from 2006 to 2013 for whom IHC for ER, PgR and Her-2 neu were available. The patients were stratified into: ER-, PR- and Her-2 neu- (Arm A, n=47) and ER+, PgR+ and Her-2 neu+ (Arm B, n=38). Results: TN subtype had higher numbers of premenopausal and advanced stage patients as compared to TP subtype. The locoregional recurrence (LRR) and distant metastatic rate was also higher in TN subtype but there was no definite pattern in both the arms. Among the prognostic factors, patients with premenopausal status and advanced stage in TN breast cancer had inferior survival (P=0.07) whereas for those with postmenopausal status and early stage there was no survival difference between the two arms. Conclusions: TN subtype tends to be more aggressive in terms of younger age and advanced stage at presentation, higher tumour grade, LRR and metastasis, suggesting need for future research efforts on providing aggressive treatment to these patients. We could attribute better outcome for TP subtype to receptor positivity enabling role of hormonal treatment and targeted therapy, although less number of patients received targeted therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6331-6335
• /
• 2013

Objective:To evaluate the performance of combined quantitative analysis of thyroid blood flow and static imaging data in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Method: Thyroid blood flow and static imaging were performed in 165 patients with thyroid nodules. Patients were divided into a benign thyroid nodule group (BTN, n=135) and a malignant thyroid nodule group (MTN, n=30) based on the results of post-surgical pathologic examination. Carotid artery thyroid transit times (CTTT), perfusion ratio of thyroid nodule blood/thyroid blood (TNB/TB), and perfusion ratio of thyroid nodule blood/carotid artery blood (TNB/CAB) were measured using thyroid blood flow imaging. The ratios between thyroid nodule and ipsilateral submandibular gland (TN/SG) and thyroid nodule and normal thyroid tissue (TN/T) were measured from thyroid static imaging. The differences between the BTN and MTN groups were compared. Results: 1) CTTT was markedly lower in the MTN group than the BTN group, the difference being statistically significant. 2) TNB/TB and TNB/CAB were both significantly higher in MTN than BTN groups. 3) TN/T was significantly lower in MTN group than BTN group. 4) TN/SG was lower in MTN group than BTN group, but the difference was not statistically significant. 5) Using the combination of CTTT and TN/T, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.1%, 95.3% and 94.9% respectively for the diagnosis of MTN. Using the combination of CTTT, TNB/TB and TN/T, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy changed to 89.7%, 100%, and 98.1% respectively. 6) Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between TN/T and TNB/TB (r=-0.384, P=0.036) and TNB/CAB (r=-0.466, P=0.009) in the MTN group. Conclusion: The combination of quantitative markers from thyroid blood flow and thyroid static imaging had high specificity and accuracy in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules, thus providing an important imaging diagnostic approach.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
• /
• pp.124-127
• /
• 2002

LC aligning capabilities and the variation of pretilt angles with ion beam irradiation on the a-C:H thin films, and electro-optical (EO) performances of the ion beam aligned twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin film were studied. A high pretilt angle of $3.5{^{\circ}}$ via ion beam irradiation on the a-C:H thin film was measured. Also, the LC pretilt angle decreased due to the increase in surface roughness at over 2 min of IB exposure time. It is considered that this roughness increase due to increasing IB exposure time that generated destroy of oriented rings of atoms related to LC alignment. An excellent voltage-transmittance (V-T) curve of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD was observed with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin film for 1 min. Also, a faster response time for the ion beam aligned TN-LCD with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin film for 1 min can be achieved. Finally, the residual DC property of the ion beam aligned TN-LCD with ion beam exposure of 1 min on the a-C:H thin film is almost same as that of the rubbing aligned TN-LCD on a PI surface.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.388-394
• /
• 2000

이 실험은 소형견종에 대한 정상 SEPs의 범위를 알아내기 위해 실시되었다. 임상증 상이 정상인 28두를 대상으로 자극점에서 channel 1 까지의 Pl(LPI), channel 1까지의 Nl (LN1), 자극점에서 channel 2가지의 Pl(TP1), channel 2까지의 N1(TNI)의 절대잠복기와 LP1-TN1` 의 파간잠복기를 알아내기 위해서 실시하였다. 이번 실험에서 LPI, LNI, TPI, TNI의 절대잠복기 (absolute latency)의 평균값은 2.69$\pm$0.31 msec, 4.91$\pm$0.49m/sec, 4.64$\pm$0.39 msec, 5.21$\pm$0.42 msec 띠었다. LP1과 TN1 사이의 파간절대잠복기의 핑균값은 2.52$\pm$7.19 msec 이었다. 측정 치들을 속도로 변환하였을 경우 다음과 같았다. 측, LPI, LNI. Tfl, TNI 그리고 LP1-TN1 에서의 속도의 평균값은 각각 93.11$\pm$ 8.58 m/sec, 50.99$\pm$ 5.36m/sec. 80.18$\pm$ sec, 71.31$\pm$4.79m/sec그리고 49.50$\pm$3.58m/sec 이었고. 71.66m/sec, 37.79m/sec, 65.75m/ sec, 59.33 m/sec, 40.55m/sec 의 최저속도를 초과하였을 때 정상범위로 간주하였다. LPI, LNI, TPI,TN1까지의 절대잠복기와 자극전극에 시 측정전극가지의 거리 사이에는 상관관계가 있었다 LP1, LN1, TP1, TN1의 상관계수는 각각 0.621, 0.494. 0.577,0.618 이었다 요추에서 기록된 SEPs갈은 LP1의 상관계수가 LN1 보다 높았으며 흉추에서 기록된 SEPs값은 TN1의 상관계수가 TP1보다 높았다. LP1과 TN1의 파간잠복기와 channel 1과 2의 거리차이와의 상관계수는 0.571이다. 따라서 LPI, LNI. TPI, TNI그리고 LPI-TNI 들의 최저속도를 이용 하여 척수 손상 여부를 판단할 수 있다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.357-363
• /
• 2005

Objective: The microvascular decompression(MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia(TN) is known as an effective surgical technique. But the failed MVD cases have been reported in long term follow-up studies. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of MVD through our operative techniques, offending vessels in operative field, failed cases with the review of the literatures. Methods: We analyzed total 63 cases of TN which underwent MVD from 1955 to 2003 according to characters of pain, operative findings, operative results related to causative vessel compression and operative method, progonotic factor. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test with SPSS Ver 11.0. Results: In TN, the most common offending vessel was superior cerebellar artery(45.0%). In compression group of nerve root by offending vessel, the cure rate was 91.7%. However, the cure rate of the contact group was 64.7% and the cure rate of the negative group was 37.5%. There was no statistical significance between the degree of compression by vessel and the operative result(p=0.076). In 51 cases with MVD only, the cure rate was 84.3% and in 3 cases with PSR only, 42.8% and in 2 cases with PSR(partial sensory rhizotomy) with MVD, 50.0%. TN recurred in 7 cases within the follow-up period and reoperations(PSR) were added in 2 cases of them. Conclusion: This study shows that MVD provided a high rate of success with a minor risk of complications, which has been regarded as the most safe and effective procedure for trigeminal neuralgia. Additional MVD in recurred TN by severe adhesion of teflon showed poor outcome. But, revisional operation(PSR) in recurred TN showed relatively good outcome. PSR should be considered for treatment of recurrent TN after MVD.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2019

$2^{\circ}$ 기울어진 산화막 코팅 실리콘 기판의 바이오칩과 프리즘으로 제작한 바이오센서와 검광자 회전 타원편광계를 이용하여 심근경색 생체표지자인 미오글로빈과 cTnI의 진단 농도를 수백 초 내에 실시간 초고감도로 측정하는데 성공하였다. 러닝 버퍼로는 순수한 phosphate buffered saline (PBS) 또는 PBS에 10% 인간 혈청을 섞은 러닝 버퍼를 사용하였다. PBS 조건에서는 미오글로빈과 cTnI가 각각 1 ng/mL와 5 pg/mL로 측정되었으며, PBS에 인간 혈청을 10% 섞은 조건에서는 미오글로빈과 cTnI는 각각 1 ng/mL과 1 pg/mL로 측정되었다. 이러한 심근경색 생체표지자의 진단 농도는 현재 제시된 세계보건기구의 심근경색 진단 기준 농도보다 미오글로빈은 1/15배 낮고, cTnI는 1/80배 낮다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2011

In this study, from 2004 to 2008 influents and discharging effluents from 241 municipal public sewage treatment plants were surveyed. Statistics including average, Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Coefficient of Reliability (COR) for each season, time series analysis for removal efficiency and water quality of effluents, and a comparison of the effluent standards in Korea and other countries were presented. The average concentrations of TN and TP in influents. during winter season were 32.6 and 3.78 mg/L and during other season were 30.8 and 3.61 mg/L in 2008, respectively. The average TN concentration on the basis of the maximum monthly concentrations in the effluents during winter season ranged from 14.2~17.4 mg/L and during other season ranged from 12.2~14.8 mg/L. The TP concentration in the effluents depending on the each season was no big difference. TN removal efficiency decreased from Jan. to Feb. and TP removal efficiency decreased in Jan., Jun and July. Maximum COR during winter season were 0.61 but the COR for TN and TP during other season ranged from 0.96~1.48 and 1.09~1.81, respectively, due to big difference in the standard for TN and TP in effluents depending on the season. TN and TP standards for effluent of sewage treatment during winter season in Korea was much higher than those in other countries. Therefore the lower effluent standards during winter season is essential for the water quality improvement.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.821-827
• /
• 2022

Objective: To determine the anatomical characteristics of the petrous ridge and trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) without neurovascular compression (NVC). Materials and Methods: From May 2017 to March 2021, 66 patients (49 female and 17 male; mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 56.8 ± 13.3 years) with TN without NVC and 57 controls (46 female and 11 male; 52.0 ± 15.6 years) were enrolled. The angle of the petrous ridge (APR) and angle of the trigeminal nerve (ATN) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging with a high-resolution three-dimensional T2 sequence. Data on the symptomatic side were compared with those on the asymptomatic side in patients and with the mean measurements of the bilateral sides in controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of APR and ATN in distinguishing TN patients from controls. Results: In TN patients without NVC, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of APR on the symptomatic side (98.40° ± 19.75°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (105.59° ± 22.45°, p = 0.019) and controls (108.44° ± 15.98°, p = 0.003). The mean ATN ± SD on the symptomatic side (144.41° ± 8.92°) was significantly smaller than that of the asymptomatic side (149.67° ± 8.09°, p = 0.003) and controls (150.45° ± 8.48°, p = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing TN patients from controls was 0.673 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.579-0.758) for APR and 0.700 (CI: 0.607-0.782) for ATN. The sensitivity and specificity using the diagnostic cutoff yielding the highest Youden index were 81.8% (54/66) and 49.1% (28/57), respectively, for APR (with a cutoff score of 94.30°) and 65.2% (43/66) and 66.7% (38/57), respectively, for ATN (cutoff score, 148.25°). Conclusion: In patients with TN without NVC, APR and ATN were smaller than those in controls, which may explain the potential cause of TN and provide additional information for diagnosis.