• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.254-266
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• 1997

This study was to know the usefulness of argon laser for composite resin, to prove the polymerized effect of heat treatment of composite resin inlay and to get the curing method for optimal physical properties of composite resin inlay. In this study we used four light curing units and one heat curing unit: Visilux $II^{TM}$, a visible light gun: $SPECTRUM^{TM}$, an argon laser: Unilux AC$^{(R)}$ and Astorn XL$^{(R)}$, visible light curing unit: CRC-$100^{TM}$ for heat treatment. Compared to a control group, we divided the experemental groups into five as follows: Control group: Light curing(Visilux $II^{TM}$) Experimental group 1 : Light curing(Visilux $II^{TM}$) + Light curing(Unilux AC$^{(R)}$) Experimental group 2: Light curing(Visilux $II^{TM}$) + Light curing(Astron XL$^{(R)}$) + Heat treatment(CRC-$100^{TM}$) Experimental group 3 : Laser curing($SPECTRUM^{TM}$) Experimental group 4 : Laser curing($SPECTRUM^{TM}$) + Light curing(Unilux AC$^{(R)}$) Experimental group 5 : Laser curing($SPECTRUM^{TM}$) + Light curing(Astron XL$^{(R)}$) + Heat treatment (CRC-$100^{TM}$) According to the above classification, we made samples through the curing of Clearfil CR Inlay$^{(R)}$, which is a composite resin for inlay, in a separable cylindrical metal mold and polycarbonate plate. And then, we measured and compared the value of compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and the surface micro hardness of each sample. The results were as follows : 1. Among the experimental groups, group 5 showed the highest value of compressive strength, $157.50{\pm}10.24$ kgf and control group showed the lowest value of compressive strength, $103.93{\pm}21.93$ kgf. Control group showed significant difference with the experimental groups(p<0.001). Group 2 which was treated by the heat showed higher compressive strength than that of group 1 which was not, and there was significant difference between group 1 and group 2(p<0.001). Group 5 which was treated by heat showed higher compressive strength than group 4 which was not, and there was significant difference group 4 and group 5(p<0.001). 2. Among the experimental groups, group 5 showed the highest value of diametral tensile strength, $95.84{\pm}1.97$ kgf and control group showed the lowest value of diametral tensile strength, $81.80{\pm}2.17$ kgf. Control group which was cured by visible light showed higher diametral tensile strength than group 3 which was cured Argon Laser. Group 2 which was treated by heat showed higher compressive strength than that of group 1 which was not, and there was significant difference between group 1 and group 2(p<0.001). Group 5 which was treated by heat showed higher compressive strength than group 4 which was not, and there was a significant difference group 4 and group 5(p<0.001). 3. Among the experimental groups, group 5 showed the highest value of microhardness of top surface, $148.42{\pm}9.57$ kgf and control group showed the lowest value of microhardness, $111.43{\pm}7.63$ kgf. In the case of bottom surface, group 5 showed the highest value of $146.19{\pm}7.62$ kgf, and control group showed the lowest, $104.03{\pm}11.05$ kgf. Group 3 which was cured by Argon Laser showed higher diametral tensile strength than control group which was cured only with a visible light gun. Group 2 which was treated by heat showed higher compressive strength than that of group 1 which was not, and there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 2(p<0.001). Group 5 which was treated by heat showed higher compressive strength than group 4 which was not, and there was a significant difference group 4 and group 5(p<0.001). 4. According to the above results, we took a conclusion that argon laser can be used as a useful unit for curing the composite resin and heat treatment can improve the physical properties of the composite resin inlay.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the microtensile bonding strength of chemomechanically excavated dentin($Carisolv^{TM}$) to conventional caries removal(bur). The following adhesive systems were used; AB: All-Bond 2(3M, USA), PB: Prime & Bond 2.1(Dentsply, DE), AQ: AQ Bond(sun medical, Japan). 42 human molars with occlusal caries were assigned to 6 groups. Sequential caries removal was controlled with laser fluorescence. Each group was devided as follows; group A, B, C were $Carisolv^{TM}$ applied, group D,E,F were bur used. In group A and D, AB was used as a dentin adhesive. group B,E and group C,F was AQ and AQ was used each. The cavity was filled with composite resin(Z-100). The specimens were sectioned vertically into multiple serial 0.7 mm thick slabs. And then those slabs were sectioned into rectangular parts under 0.7 mm width. Finally 0.7-1.0 mm a right hexahedron shape stick become. Microtensile bonding test was carried out with testing apparatus at cross-head speed of $0.5\;mm/min^{-1}$ and fractured surfaces were observed with scanning electron microscope(JSM-6400, Jeol, Japan). The obtained results were summarized as follows ; 1. In the group of caries removal with $Carisolv^{TM}$, micro-tensile bonding strength decreased to $75.8{\sim}80$ percent of bur used group. 2. In the group of caries removal with $Carisolv^{TM}$, decreased degree of micro-tensile bonding strength is not so different in 3 kinds of dentin adhesives(p<0.05). 3. In the group of caries removal with $Carisolv^{TM}$, microtensile bonding strength of AB, PB, AQ was 32.6MPa(2.4), 30.1Mpa (1.8), 21.2Mpa(1.9). 4. In the group of caries removal with Bur and $Carisolv^{TM}$, microtensile bonding strength of AQ was significantly lower than that of AB and PB(p<0.01).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 1989

Accurate and cost-effective classification of forest vegetation is the primary goal for forest management and utilization of forest resources. Aerial photograph and remote sensing are the most frequent and effective method in forest resources inventories. TM and MSS are the principal observing instruments on the Landsat-4 and -5 earth observing satellite. Especially TM has considerably greater spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution power than MSS, that is, the IFOV of TM at a nadir is 30m compared to 80m for MSS. In this study, we used TM data to classify forest types and compared the result with forest type map manufactured by interpretation of B/W infrared photographs. As a result, land use types were well defined with TM data. But classifying forest types was a little difficult and indistinct. However, the spectral signatures of forest in every season and growing stages remained as problems to be solved, and also the most effective selection and combination method of bands for differentiating the spectral plots among classes.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2004

A bioequivalence of $Etodol^{TM}$ tablets (Yuhan corporation) and $Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ tablets (Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Single 200 mg dose of etodolac of each medicine was administered orally to 24 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a $2{\times}2$ crossover design. Concentrations of etodolac in human plasma were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Etodol^{TM}/Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ were 1.01-1.10 and 0.87-1.06, respectively. This study demonstrated a bioequivalence of $Etodol^{TM}$ and $Kuhnillodine^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.171-174
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• 2009

Purpose: Cancerous death rate 1 place from 2008 year domestic is the lung cancer. The body count which is caused by in the lung cancer every year is increasing. At this lung cancer is the most non small cell lung cancer. $Monototal^{TM}$ test is short reaction time. it is known as the experiment where the example standard of living is high about non small cell lung cancer. This is the study evaluate usefulness of $Monototal^{TM}$ kit. Materials and Methods: $Monototal^{TM}$ were measured using IRMA kit, using 40 CEA positive patients sample which are diagnosed NSCLC, 15 SCC positive patients sample which are diagnosed NSCLC, 40 Cyfra 21-1 positive sample, 20 negative sample in Seoul national university from March to April, 2009. Results: According to result of the $Monototal^{TM}$ test, which is benignancy rate 87.5% in CEA positive patients sample, 93.3% SCC positive patients sample and 100% Cyfra 21-1 positive sample Conclusions: We recommend that using of $Monototal^{TM}$ parallel with different tumor markers. It was useful that diagnosis and convalescence presumption of Non small cell lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1996

The environment in urban are becoming worse and forest is being recognized the major part of city by the increase of population and facilities. This study was carried out to analyze topographic environment as the basis for reasonable management and utility of forest situated in Taejon city and its vicinities using Sandst-5 TM and digital terrain elevation data(DTED). Forest area was extracted by Landsat-5 TM data. Distribution of elevation, slope and aspect was derived from digital terrain elevation data. The research area to analyze ropographic environment for urban forest were Bomumsan, Bongsan, Kabhasan, Sikchangsan, and Kyechoksan. Forest, the largest area in Taejon covers 55.1% of totaf area. This is more 5 times than urban area. 70.8% of forest area in Taejon city is located in elevation of lower than 200m and 4.8% of that is located in elevation of upper than 400m. Distribution of elevation is 45.7% of total area for 100m to 200m in Kyechoksan and is 92.4% of total area for lower than 300m in Bomumsan. Elevation of upper than 300m is 20.4% of total area in Kabhasan and is 46.6% of total area in Sikchangsan. The slope of more 20 digree is over 50% of total area in every area except for Bonsan and 35.2% of total area in Sikchangsan and Kahasan than in Bomumsan and Kyechoksan.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.77-81
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• 2001

2000년 4월, 강원도 삼척일대에 크게 발생한 산불지역에 대해서 Landsat TM 인공위성 영상자료를 이용하여 산불의 피해지역을 조사분석하였다. 산불발생 전과 후의 2시기 위성영상을 이용하여 변화탐지 기법의 하나인 화상간차이법을 적용하였다. 분석결과 산불 발생지역의 탐지에는 NDVI를 유도하고 그 차이를 이용하는 것이 가장 탁월한 것으로 나타났다. 산불 피해지역을 구분하는 임계값을 표준편차$\times$0.9로 하였을 때, 현지조사 결과에 대한 전체정확도는 93.8%, 카파계수는 0.82로 매우 높았다.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 1997

$Dy^{3+}-(or Tm^{3+}-)$ doped $Ga_2O_3 \;and\; ZnGa_2O_4$ phosphors were prepared using the solid state reaction method to investigate their photoluminescent characteristics. Under 254 nm excitation, $Dy^{3+}-doped Ga2_O_3$ exhibited two emission bands of 460~505nm and 570~600nm. On the other hand, $Dy^{3+}-(or Tm^{3+}-)$ doped $ZnGa_2O_4 $phosphors exhibited a broad-band emission extending from 330 nm to 610 nm, peaking at about 430 nm(or 370 nm). In this study, an emission peak shift of nealy 50 nm towards longer wavelength region was observed with $Dy^{3+}$ doping in the $ZnGa_2O_4 $.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.176-182
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• 2000

$360^{\circ}$ bending of Ti-6Al-4V large-diameter seamless tube(62.37 mm $OD {\times} 4.40mm$ wall thickness) has been achieved at room temperature without heating. The bending process comprised two steps : the first step is $360^{\circ}$ bending by an uniquely designed rotary bender allowing spring back, which is subsequently eliminated by the second or finishing step which comprised repeated bending processes by powered three roll bender, In odor to prevent collapse of tube during bending, Cerro $Tru^{TM}$(Trade name of a non-ferrous low melting point alloy)has been employed as a filler metal. The resultant ovality(out of roundness) obtained was 1.28%, as compared with 6~8% without applying Cerro $Tru^{TM}$.