• 제목/요약/키워드: TLS 1.3

검색결과 40건 처리시간 0.021초

Compact implementations of Curve Ed448 on low-end IoT platforms

  • Seo, Hwajeong
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.863-872
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    • 2019
  • Elliptic curve cryptography is a relatively lightweight public-key cryptography method for key generation and digital signature verification. Some lightweight curves (eg, Curve25519 and Curve Ed448) have been adopted by upcoming Transport Layer Security 1.3 (TLS 1.3) to replace the standardized NIST curves. However, the efficient implementation of Curve Ed448 on Internet of Things (IoT) devices remains underexplored. This study is focused on the optimization of the Curve Ed448 implementation on low-end IoT processors (ie, 8-bit AVR and 16-bit MSP processors). In particular, the three-level and two-level subtractive Karatsuba algorithms are adopted for multi-precision multiplication on AVR and MSP processors, respectively, and two-level Karatsuba routines are employed for multi-precision squaring. For modular reduction and finite field inversion, fast reduction and Fermat-based inversion operations are used to mitigate side-channel vulnerabilities. The scalar multiplication operation using the Montgomery ladder algorithm requires only 103 and 73 M clock cycles on AVR and MSP processors.

표준거리측정 시설을 이용한 지상라이다 성능 평가 (Performance evaluation of Terrestrial Laser Scanner over Calibration Baseline)

  • 이인수;이재원
    • 한국측량학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.329-336
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 시간차방식(TOF: Time of flight)과 근적외선 파장대역(760-3000nm)을 사용하는 지상라이다를 이용해서 다양한 사용자 타깃에 대해 반사도와 거리정확도를 테스트하였다. 특별히 사용자 타깃에 대한 측점군의 반사도는 실내에서 독일 Gretag Macbeth사의 i1 분광광도계로 측정되었다. 그리고 지상라이다의 성능 평가를 위해 정밀 EDM 검기선장에서 지상라이다를 이용해서 타깃을 스캐닝 하여 기준표석간 이격거리를 측정하여 표준거리와 비교하였다. 테스트 결과로서, 약 10m 와 170m 기준표석간 이격거리에 설치된 흰색 수지 타깃을 제외하고, 실험에 이용된 다른 타깃들의 거리측정값은 기준거리와 수 mm 정확도 차이를 보였다. 향후 대기보정, 장비보정, 부가상수와 같이 거리정확도에 영향을 미치는 변수들에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료 된다.

건설현장 3차원 점군 데이터 정합 정확성 향상을 위한 중첩비율 분석 (Analysis of overlap ratio for registration accuracy improvement of 3D point cloud data at construction sites)

  • 박수열;김석
    • 한국BIM학회 논문집
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2021
  • Comparing to general scanning data, the 3D digital map for large construction sites and complex buildings consists of millions of points. The large construction site needs to be scanned multiple times by drone photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) survey. The scanned point cloud data are required to be registrated with high resolution and high point density. Unlike the registration of 2D data, the matrix of translation and rotation are used for registration of 3D point cloud data. Archiving high accuracy with 3D point cloud data is not easy due to 3D Cartesian coordinate system. Therefore, in this study, iterative closest point (ICP) registration method for improve accuracy of 3D digital map was employed by different overlap ratio on 3D digital maps. This study conducted the accuracy test using different overlap ratios of two digital maps from 10% to 100%. The results of the accuracy test presented the optimal overlap ratios for an ICP registration method on digital maps.

Determination of Palladium in Water Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction Coupled with Laser Thermal Lens Spectrometry

  • Han, Quan;Huo, Yanyan;Yang, Na;Yang, Xiaohui;Zhai, Yunhui;Zhang, Qianyun
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제59권5호
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    • pp.407-412
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    • 2015
  • A preconcentration procedure for determination of palladium by laser thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) is proposed. It is based on cloud point extraction of palladium(II) ions as 2-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridylazo)-5-dimethylaminoaniline (3,5-diCl-PADMA) complexes using octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) as surfactant. The effects of various experimental conditions such as pH, concentration of ligand and surfactant, equilibration temperature and time on cloud point extraction were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.15~6 ng mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.04 ng mL−1 with an enrichment factor of 22. The sensitivity was enhanced by 846 times when compared with the conventional spectrophotometric method. The recovery of palladium was in the range of 96.6%~104.0%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of palladium in water samples.

울릉도 연안에 서식하는 불볼락(Sebastes thompsoni)의 성숙과 산란 (Maturity and Spawning of Sebastes thompsoni in the Coastal Waters off Ulleungdo, Korea)

  • 양재형;이재봉;이해원;차형기;김소라;허요원
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.404-409
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    • 2016
  • We investigated the maturation and spawning of Sebastes thompsoni in the coastal waters off Ulleungdo, based on samples collected by gill net from March 2013 to February 2014. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity, and total length (TL) at 50% group maturity. The average TLs of female and male S. thompsoni were 22.6 cm and 22.5 cm, respectively. The main parturition period of females was during March and April. The GSI of females began to increase in January, and reached a maximum in March. The GSI of male reached a maximum between January and February. The spawning period of males was shorter than that of females. The egg diameter during gestation stage was 1.4±2.1 mm. The TL of females at 50% group maturity was 22.3 cm.

Design of Dualband Class-F PAs for Cellular and WLAN Applications

  • Lee, Chang-Min;Park, Young-Cheol;Yoon, Hoi-Jin
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.6-12
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, highly efficient class-F power amplifiers(PAs) with harmonic-controlling transmission lines(TLs) were built for cellular and WLAN applications at 840 MHz and 2.4 GHz each. Also, based on these single-band PAs, a dualband class-F PA was designed after a careful investigation into the harmonics of the two frequencies. The harmonic-controlling TL was designed for the class-F operation at dualband by switching the length of the shunt $\lambda$/4 TL part, while the series $\lambda$/4 TL is optimized for both frequencies. To verify the performance, two class-F PAs optimized at each frequency and a dualband class-F PA at the corresponding frequencies were built with the secondand the third-harmonic control circuits at each frequencies. As a result, the PA#1 at 840 MHz has a peak drain efficiency of 81.2 % with an output power of 24.4 dBm, while the PA#2 at 2.35 GHz shows a drain efficiency of 94.5 % with an output of 22.8 dBm. Finally, the dualband class-F PA#3 showed 60.5 % and 50.9 % drain efficiencies at 840 MHz and 2.4 GHz, with powers of 23.8 dBm and 19.62 dBm, respectively.

Speculative Parallelism Characterization Profiling in General Purpose Computing Applications

  • Wang, Yaobin;An, Hong;Liu, Zhiqin;Li, Li;Yu, Liang;Zhen, Yilu
    • Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.20-28
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    • 2015
  • General purpose computing applications have not yet been thoroughly explored in procedure level speculation, especially in the light-weighted profiling way. This paper proposes a light-weighted profiling mechanism to analyze speculative parallelism characterization in several classic general purpose computing applications from SPEC CPU2000 benchmark. By comparing the key performance factors in loop and procedure-level speculation, it includes new findings on the behaviors of loop and procedure-level parallelism under these applications. The experimental results are as follows. The best gzip application can only achieve a 2.4X speedup in loop level speculation, while the best mcf application can achieve almost 3.5X speedup in procedure level. It proves that our light-weighted profiling method is also effective. It is found that between the loop-level and procedure-level TLS, the latter is better on several cases, which is against the conventional perception. It is especially shown in the applications where their 'hot' procedure body is concluded as 'hot' loops.

로봇 사이버나이프에서 위치인식시스템을 이용한 Targeting Error값 보정의 정확성 평가 (Evaluation on the Accuracy of Targeting Error Correction Through the Application of Target Locating System in Robotic CyberKnife)

  • 정영준;정재홍;임광채;조은주
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2009
  • 목 적: 로봇 사이버나이프에서 환자의 움직임에 의한 기준점의 위치변화 오차가 위치인식시스템(target location system, TLS) 을 통하여 targeting error값이 정확히 보정(correction)되는지 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본 실험은 targeting의 정확성을 분석하기 위해 head and neck팬텀에 Gafchromic 필름(MD-55)을 삽입한 후, 사이버나이프(CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery System G4, Accuray, US)의 6 MV X선을 조사하였다. 필름 분석은 Accuray사에서 제공하는 End to End (E2E) 프로그램을 이용하였다. 기준점의 위치에서 x, y, z방향으로 $0{\pm}0.2\;mm$, roll, pitch, yaw방향으로 $0{\pm}0.2^{\circ}$ 이내로 유지하여 12회 조사한 대조군과 인위적으로 움직임을 주어 실험을 시행한 6회의 실험군의 targeting 오차를 구하고, 대조군과 실험군의 평균값에 대한 유의성을 t-검정을 통해 분석하였다. 또한, gamma-index method (dose difference: 3%)를 통해 2차원적 선량분포의 일치성을 distance to agreement (DTA)를 각각 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm로 달리하여 정량화하고, 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: E2E test 시행 결과, 기준 필름의 targeting 평균오차 0.405 mm, 표준편차 0.069 mm, 실험 필름의 평균오차 0.413 mm, 표준편차 0.121 mm으로 나왔으며, t-검정 결과 유의확률 P=0.836 (신뢰구간 95%)으로 두 집단에서 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 또한, DTA를 각각 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm로 선량분포의 일치성을 비교한 결과 기준필름 3,314개 위치에서 axial필름 평균은 각각 95.04%, 97.56%, 98.13%, sagittal필름 평균은 각각 95.47%, 97.68%, 98.47% 일치하였다. 실험필름과 비교한 결과 3,323개 위치에서 axial필름 평균은 각각 96.38%, 97.57%, 98.04%, sagittal필름 평균은 각각 95.50%, 97.87%, 98.36% 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결 론: 로봇 사이버나이프는 치료 시 환자의 움직임에 의해 발생하는 기준점의 위치변화 오차를 실시간 추적하여 보정하며, targeting 오차를 1 mm 이내, 선량분포는 95% 이상 일치하는 정확성을 확인할 수 있었다.

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Practical evaluation of encrypted traffic classification based on a combined method of entropy estimation and neural networks

  • Zhou, Kun;Wang, Wenyong;Wu, Chenhuang;Hu, Teng
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.311-323
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    • 2020
  • Encrypted traffic classification plays a vital role in cybersecurity as network traffic encryption becomes prevalent. First, we briefly introduce three traffic encryption mechanisms: IPsec, SSL/TLS, and SRTP. After evaluating the performances of support vector machine, random forest, naïve Bayes, and logistic regression for traffic classification, we propose the combined approach of entropy estimation and artificial neural networks. First, network traffic is classified as encrypted or plaintext with entropy estimation. Encrypted traffic is then further classified using neural networks. We propose using traffic packet's sizes, packet's inter-arrival time, and direction as the neural network's input. Our combined approach was evaluated with the dataset obtained from the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity. Results show an improved precision (from 1 to 7 percentage points), and some application classification metrics improved nearly by 30 percentage points.

Age and Growth of Blackfin Flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri in the East Sea, Korea

  • Yang, Jae-Hyeong;Yoon, Sang-Chul;Lee, Sung-Il;Cha, Hyung-Kee;Kim, Jong-Bin;Choi, Young-Min;Park, Jeong-Ho
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2012
  • Age and growth of Glyptocephalus stelleri in the East Sea of Korea were determined, from monthly samples of commercial catches, caught by the eastern sea Danish seine fishery in 2007. The annuli of G. stelleri are formed once a year, with the boundary between opaque and translucent zones forming in September. Relationships between total length (TL) and total weight (TW) were $TW=0.002TL^{3.392}$ ($r^2=0.970$) for females and $TW=0.002TL^{3.335}$ ($r^2=0.961$) for males. TLs at annuli formation in otoliths were back-calculated from the otolith-length relationship and were adjusted to von Bertalanffy growth curves to $L_t=39.71(1-{\exp}^{(-0.152(t+1.156))})$ for females and $L_t=32.16(1-{\exp}^{(-0.213(t+0.879))})$ for males. From the age of 3 years, females grew faster than males (P<0.05).