• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2023

Objectives: To examine the effect of complex Korean medical treatment on tic disorder in children who visited the neuropsychiatric clinic of Korean medicine. Methods: Medical records of 35 patients diagnosed with tic disorder based on DSM-V who received complex Korean medical treatment (herbal medicine, acupuncture and Korean psychotherapy) were reviewed. Tic disorder was then evaluated by Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) before and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment to determine whether their symptoms were improved. Results: 1) After the treatment, mean YGTSS was reduced from 35.54±14.77 to 23.20±12.65. There were statistically significant changes between scores according to the time of treatment (p< 0.05). 2) At the time of visit, symptoms of motor tics were in the order of eyes, neck and shoulders, mouth, head and arms & hands, nose, face, upper body and other parts, and legs and symptoms of vocal tics were in the order of sniffing, dry coughing and MMM, AA and whistling, and other sounds. 3) For 35 patients, herbal medicine was prescribed every two weeks. The frequency of prescriptions used was in the order of Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang, Gami-ondam-tang, and others. 4) The frequency of herbs used in 35 patients was in the order of Poria, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Pinelliae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Ostreae Concha and Bovis Ossis Fossilia, and others. Conclusions: Complex Korean medical treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy is effective for reducing tic symptoms in children.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

Recently, due to the collapse of boundaries between fields caused by COVID-19, the government's goal of connecting all data and making it accessible to people, businesses, and governments has garnered attention. To achieve this goal, cloud technology is consistently mentioned, and since the use of cloud technology inevitably raises security concerns, various studies are being conducted on the topic. This paper analyzes the use of cloud technology in public and administrative institutions in Korea and presents a model that applies the U.S. government's TIC 3.0 concept to mitigate potential security issues. The objective is to provide a secure cloud service utilization model for public and administrative institutions, with reference to TIC 3.0.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 1996

30 DSM-III or DSM-III-R tic patients were assessed by hospital records and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale to study the common characteristics, clinical course and longterm outcome of tic disorders after 3.1-18.1 years, 73.3% of the patients(treated or untreated) have recovered or partially improved. Identifical precipitating factors were found in 9 patients. Associated disorders were ADHD, sleep disorder, and so on. The outcome according to age of onset, duration of follow-up and diagnoses have no statistically significance. Increased age at follow up was influenced improvement of tic symptoms, though statistically not significant(p=0.327). These results suggest that the outcome of tic disorder is not ominous and they are relatively good social adjustment inspite of carrying the tic symptoms. But this study has some limitations such as retrospective study and sample size. Studies designed prospectively with large sample would be needed to generalize theses results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3407-3412
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, and time-intensity curve (TIC) type analysis derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses. Materials and Methods: 47 patients with 56 adnexal masses (27 malignant and 29 benign) underwent DWI and DCE-MRI examinations, prior to surgery. DWI signal intensity, mean ADC value, and TIC type were determined for all the masses. Results: High signal intensity on DWI and type 3 TIC were helpful in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses (p<0.001). The mean ADC value was significantly lower in malignant adnexal masses (p<0.001). An ADC value< $1.20{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ may be the optimal cutoff for differentiating between benign and malignant tumors. The negative predictive value for low signal intensity on DWI, and type 1 TIC were 100%. The pairwise comparison among the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of TIC was significantly larger than the AUCs of DWI and ADC (p<0.001 for comparison of TIC and DWI, p<0.02 for comparison of TIC and ADC value). Conclusions: DWI, ADC value and TIC type derived from DCE-MRI are all sensitive and relatively specific methods for differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses. By comparing these functional MR techniques, TIC was found to be more accurate than DWI and ADC.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.69-94
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• 2012

Objectives : The goals of the present study are to assess children with tic disorders, their clinical characteristic and to prove the effectiveness of herbal treatments of tic disorders. Methods : The present study was conducted from January 2006 to April 2011, with 200 out-patient children between the age of 6 to 12 diagnosed with tic disorder (after excluding 10 children who could not be clearly diagnosed) at the "H'herbal medicine clinic located in Seoul. Of these 200 children, we have evaluated the epidemiology and clinical manifestation, and analyzed the results of herbal medicine treatments. Results : 1. Among the children diagnosed with tic disorder, TTD was most prevalent (43.3%) and males were more likely than females to express tics (5.45:1). Children with TD sought help significantly later (average age of 9.03 years) than the other types. 2. The analysis results of herbal medicine treatments are as follows. Compared to the pre-treatment assessment, children who received herbal medicine treatment for more than three months (n=52) showed a marked decrease in symptoms of motor tics (the number of motor tics, frequency, severity, complexity) and vocal tics (the number of vocal tics, frequency, severity), in the impairment level of combined tics (motor and vocal tics together) and in the overall score. Conclusions : In conclusion, we apprehended demographic and clinical characteristics of tic disorder patients who visited a Korean traditional medicine clinic by analyzing the psychological assessment results. Furthermore, we identified the effectiveness of herb formula in tic disorder.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2008

We have cared for a 13years old boy, who has Tourette Syndrome and symptoms of vocal tic and motor tic for 5years, since 9months ago. We have treated him with korean herb medicine, 8-constitution acupuncture, Chimsband, Neurofeedback, EFT therapy. After taking treatment, his YGTSS score was down to 38 from 119, and his tic symtoms altered for the better. We think korean herb medicine had a powerful effect and Neurofeedback was effective. Especially, SMR Beta Training of all programs of Neurofeedback was effective and well-directed. The EFT program helped him improved also, but it need much of time to apply. When we evaluated the condition of patient who was under the Cans 3000, we could not find any relationship between tic symtoms and Cans 3000. When we treat Tourette Syndrome, having the patience is important at a distance of time. Because Tourette Syndrome is a kind of unstable symptoms, so we would not care to predict what the result will be in a brief space of time.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.20-21
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2013

Objectives : It has been reported that higher percentage of B cells react with monoclonal D8/17 antibody in patients with rheumatic fever, childhood onset obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's disorder, or prepubertal anorexia nervosa. The purpose of this study is to replicate the previous studies in a Korean young population with tic disorder and to identify any relationship between D8/17 and clinical symptoms. Methods : The binding of D8/17 to B cells was determined in patients with tic disorder (N=21) and healthy controls (N=9) by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter analysis. Results : In the sample examined by this study, the average percentage of B cells expressing D8/17 in tic disorder was 2.05%; healthy controls was 3.15%. No statistically significant differences were found in the mean percentages of D8/17 between the two groups. Conclusion : The expression of D8/17 in B cells was very low in this study. No subjects with tic disorder or healthy controls was above 12% in D8/17 positive proportion. Further studies, including higher number of patients and control group members, should be performed.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

Objectives : This study analyzed domestic case reports of syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine treatment for tic disorder published from 2000 to 2018 and aimed to seize the latest trend of Korean herbal medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation. Methods : We searched herbal medicine treatment of tic disorder through five major Korean academic literature databases; NDSL, KTKP, KISS, RISS, DBPIA. Results : 12 articles were included in this study from 49 articles. These studies were analyzed by year, evaluation criteria, Korean treatments, treatment effects, syndrome differentiation, herbal medication, duration of medication, and type of herbal medicine. Treatment results were assessed by YGTSS. Most cases accompanied Korean integrative treatments and only one case report used herbal medicine alone. Most common type of syndrome differentiation for patients was spleen. Duration of medication varied according to each case and decoction was the most used type of herbal medication. Conclusions : It has been reported that herbal medicine treatment according to the syndrome differentiation could be effective in treating tic disorder. This study suggests that additional studies will be required to justify classification of syndrome differentiation and the sole effectiveness of herbal medicine on tic disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.133-141
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• 1993

Present study investigated the differences in psychological tests responses between chronic motor tic disorder and tourette's disorder to clarify whether chronic motor tic and tourette's disorder constitute a single disorder on a continuum or not. Based on the diagnosis by child psychiatrists 29 chronic motor tic disorder and 10 tourette's disorder children between the age of 6 to 13 were selected, and the psychological tests responses of two diagnostic groups were compared. The results showed that tourette's disorder is more related to neulological problems than chronic motor tic disorder. Also it was found that children with tourette's disorder have more difficulties in social-emotional adjustment than children with chronic motor tic disorder. These results suggested that interactions among neurological factor, emotional factor and temperamental characristics might be more involved in tourette's disorder than in chronic motor tic disorder. The limitations of present study and the need for futher research on the comorbidity of tourette's disorder and ADHD were discussed.