• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.80-83
• /
• 2018

Purpose Assessment of Serum Thyroglobulin (sTg) value in total thyroidectomy patients having an ablation dose of radioactive iodine indicates remaining cancer or metastasis. Especially, sTg in patients on withdrawal thyroxine or thyrogen administration for radioiodine ablation is an important indicator to determine the direction of further treatment and prognosis. Current guidelines suggest measurement of sTg is performed at 72 hours after the last injection of thyrogen. and assumes that sTg reaches maximum serum levels at that time. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variation of sTg measured after thyrogen administration. Materials and Methods We compared with sTg performed at 24hours(D0) and 72hours(D2) after the last injection of thyrogen. We reviewed D0 and D2 from 276 patients were divided them into three groups according to ablation dose of radioactive iodine, 5mCi(A group), 30~80mCi(B group) and 100~200mCi(C group). We used T-test for comparison between D0 and D2. sTg was measured in serum using immunoradiometric assay (Tg-plus RIA; BRAHMS, Berlin, Germany). Results There is no critical variation between D0 and D2 in A group(n=100)(P=0.32), The case of increase(D2>D0) is 45, no change(D2=D0) is 23, decrease(D2D0 is 91, D2=D0 is 28, D2D0 is 19, D2=D0 is 2. The biggest increase is 143.6 ng/mL from 98.4 to 242. Conclusion There was a significant difference in the group over 30mCi. and the case of D2>D0 is 45%, 58.7%, 90.5% for each group. therefore, D2 increased as the dose of radioactive iodine increased. Furthermore, the most sTg values of D0 and D2 are variation under 2.0 ng/mL, so reproducibility as well as sensitivity of sTg will be important at values below 2ng/mL.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein A5 gene promoter region T-1131C polymorphism (APOA5 T-1131C) is known to be associated with elevated plasma TG levels, although little is known of the influence of the interaction between APOA5 T-1131C and lifestyle modification on TG levels. To investigate this matter, we studied APOA5 T-1131C and plasma TG levels of subjects participating in a three-month lifestyle modification program. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A three-month lifestyle modification program was conducted with 297 participants (Age: $57{\pm}8years$) in Izumo City, Japan, from 2001-2007. Changes in energy balance (the difference between energy intake and energy expenditure) and BMI were used to evaluate the participants' responses to the lifestyle modification. RESULTS: Even after adjusting for confounding factors, plasma TG levels were significantly different at baseline among three genotype subgroups: TT, $126{\pm}68mg/dl$; TC, $134{\pm}74mg/dl$; and CC, $172{\pm}101mg/dl$. Lifestyle modification resulted in significant reductions in plasma TG levels in the TT, TC, and CC genotype subgroups: $-21.9{\pm}61.0mg/dl$, $-20.9{\pm}51.0mg/dl$, and $-42.6{\pm}78.5mg/dl$, respectively, with no significant differences between them. In a stepwise regression analysis, age, APOA5 T-1131C, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the 18:1/18:0 ratio showed independent association with plasma TG levels at baseline. In a general linear model analysis, APOA5 T-1131C C-allele carriers showed significantly greater TG reduction with decreased energy balance than wild type carriers after adjustment for age, gender, and baseline plasma TG levels. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic effects of APOA5 T-1131C independently affected plasma TG levels. However, lifestyle modification was effective in significantly reducing plasma TG levels despite the APOA5 T-1131C genotype background.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.2219-2231
• /
• 2012

This study conducted to investigate incidence rate and association of serum lipid profiles with incidence of ischemic heart disease. Study subjects consisted of 417,642 adults aged 30 years and over, who underwent physical examination and responded to questionnaire from health examination center of 19 university general hospitals. Hazard ratio of risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were calculated by Cox's proportional hazard regression model adjusted for ages, BMI and lifestyle (drinking, smoking and exercising). For TC/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.21 times to 1.84 times increase with TC/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.26 times to 1.86 times. For TG/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.17 times to 1.49 times increase with TG/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.42 times to 1.97 times. For LDL/HDL ratio, hazard ratio of IHD in male increased from 1.26 times to 1.82 times increase with LDL/HDL ratio, and that in female also increased from 1.26 times to 1.68 times. In conclusion serum lipid indexes are the significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The higher the concentration of TC, LDL and TG is, the lower the concentration of HDL is, hazard ratio for IHD increased. Ratio of TC/HDL, TG/HDL and LDL/HDL were also verified to be significant risk factors for IHD.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2002

It was observed that drying temperature and curing time in the paper coating process as well as Tg of the latex used as a binder, greatly affected the properties of the coated paper such as roughness, paper and print gloss, K & N ink drop, and ink set-off. The higher drying temperature induced faster water evaporation and change in binding density, which caused an increase in paper roughness, ink gloss and ink set-off, but decrease in paper gloss and K & N ink drop. The increased curing time promoted latex filming and redistribution of the binder in coating layer. This increased pick strength and ink gloss, but decreased ink trapping. Finally, the higher Tg of the latex showed the wider changing range of these properties.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2010

Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein hormone produced from primarily cells of the peritubular capillary endothelium of the kidney, is responsible for the regulation of red blood cell production. We have been investigating the roles of glycosylation site added in the biosynthesis and function of recombinant protein. In this study, we analyzed by immunohistochemical methods adaptive mechanisms to excessive erythrocytosis in transgenic (tg) mice expressing dimeric human erythropoietin (dHuEPO) gene. Splenomegaly was observed over 11~21 times in the tg mice. The 2,672 candidate spleen-derived genes were identified through the microarray analysis method, and decreased genes were higher than increased genes in the spleen. The specific proteins in the increased and decreased genes were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. Our results demonstrate that problems of abnormal splenomegaly would solve in tg mice overexpressing dHuEPO gene.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.381-390
• /
• 2002

Purpose : To develop a dose calibration program for the IAEA TRS-277 and AAPM TG-21, based on the air kerma calibration factor (or the cavity-gas calibration factor), as well as for the IAEA TRS-398 and the AAPM TG-51, based on the absorbed dose to water calibration factor, so as to avoid the unwanted error associated with these calculation procedures. Materials and Methods : Currently, the most widely used dosimetry Protocols of high energy photon beams are the air kerma calibration factor based on the IAEA TRS-277 and the AAPM TG-21. However, this has somewhat complex formalism and limitations for the improvement of the accuracy due to uncertainties of the physical quantities. Recently, the IAEA and the AAPM published the absorbed dose to water calibration factor based, on the IAEA TRS-398 and the AAPM TG-51. The formalism and physical parameters were strictly applied to these four dose calibration programs. The tables and graphs of physical data and the information for ion chambers were numericalized for their incorporation into a database. These programs were developed user to be friendly, with the Visual $C^{++}$ language for their ease of use in a Windows environment according to the recommendation of each protocols. Results : The dose calibration programs for the high energy photon beams, developed for the four protocols, allow the input of informations about a dosimetry system, the characteristics of the beam quality, the measurement conditions and dosimetry results, to enable the minimization of any inter-user variations and errors, during the calculation procedure. Also, it was possible to compare the absorbed dose to water data of the four different protocols at a single reference points. Conclusion : Since this program expressed information in numerical and data-based forms for the physical parameter tables, graphs and of the ion chambers, the error associated with the procedures and different user could be solved. It was possible to analyze and compare the major difference for each dosimetry protocol, since the program was designed to be user friendly and to accurately calculate the correction factors and absorbed dose. It is expected that accurate dose calculations in high energy photon beams can be made by the users for selecting and performing the appropriate dosimetry protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2012.03a
• /
• pp.73-73
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 리싸이클 방법에 따른 리싸이클 폴리에스터사의 물리적 성질을 고찰하고자 하였다. 시료로는 물리적 리싸이클 방법과 화학적 해중합을 통한 리싸이클 방법을 사용한 폴리에스터사를 사용하였다. 리싸이클 폴리에스터사의 표면 형상을 관찰하기 위해 SEM을 이용하였고, 열적 거동을 규명하기 위해 DSC를 이용하였으며, 미세 구조적 차이를 살펴보기 위해 XRD 분석을 하였고, 역학적 성질을 평가하기 위해 인장강도와 절단신도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 리싸이클 방법에 따라 Tg, 결정화 온도, 융점과 융해열은 약간의 차이를 보였다. 화학적 리싸이클 PET사는 Virgin PET사보다 Tg가 약간 상승하였고, 승온 시 결정화 온도는 하강하였으며, 융점의 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 해중합에 의해 PET의 비결정영역의 고분자 사슬 간의 거리가 좁아져 더 높은 Tg를 나타내는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 물리적 리싸이클 PET사의 융점과 융해열은 화학적 리싸이클 PET사의 융점과 융해열보다 더 높게 나타났다. 결정화도에서는 리싸이클 방법에 따른 차이는 거의 보이지 않았다. 이는 리싸이클 공정이 폴리에스터의 결정영역 변화에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 실의 인장강도는 리싸이클 PET사는 virgin PET사보다 약간 더 낮았고, 물리적 리싸이클 PET사와 화학적 리싸이클 PET사는 비슷하게 나타났고, 절단신도는 virgin PET사, 물리적 리싸이클 PET사와 화학적 리싸이클 PET사 간의 뚜렷한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1569-1576
• /
• 2013

In mice, supplementation of t10,c12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) increases liver mass and hepatic steatosis via increasing uptake of fatty acids released from adipose tissues. However, the effects of t10,c12 CLA on hepatic lipid synthesis and the associated mechanisms are largely unknown. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that gut microbiota-producing t10,c12 CLA would induce de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride (TG) synthesis in HepG2 cells, promoting lipid accumulation. It was found that treatment with t10,c12 CLA ($100{\mu}M$) for 72 h increased neutral lipid accumulation via enhanced incorporation of acetate, palmitate, oleate, and 2-deoxyglucose into TG. Furthermore, treatment with t10,c12 CLA led to increased mRNA expression and protein levels of lipogenic genes including SREBP1, ACC1, FASN, ELOVL6, GPAT1, and DGAT1, presenting potential mechanisms by which CLA may increase lipid deposition. Most strikingly, t10,c12 CLA treatment for 3 h increased phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K, and S6. Taken together, gut microbiota-producing t10,c12 CLA activates hepatic de novo lipogenesis and TG synthesis through activation of the mTOR/SREBP1 pathway, with consequent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.452-456
• /
• 2010

It is known that 1,3-diglyceride (1,3-DG) hardly accumulates inside human body because the metabolism of 1,3-DG is entirely different from that of general fats such as triglycerides (TG). This research focuses on the selective synthesis of 1,3-DG by the esterification reaction using an immobilized lipase. For a reaction between glycerin and oleic acid (OA) with a mole ratio of 1 : 2 under vacuum, changes in the compositions of monoglyceride (MG), TG and DG and the contents of 1,3-isomers in DG were investigated, as a function of reaction temperature and the amount of lipase. The reactivities determined by the rate of the consumption of OA became higher with the increase in temperature and the amount of lipase. When the results were compared with those obtained in the earlier study where Novozym was applied as an immobilized lipase, the reactivity was higher for Novozym, on the other hand, selectivity to 1,3-DG was much higher for Lipozyme. Especially, it is remarkable that 1,3-DG content in total DG reached to 98% in the reaction carried out at $50^{\circ}C$ using Lipozyme.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2008

Diagnostic display monitor QA according to AAPM TG18 is usually performed by PACS administrator, product manager and reading doctor, and for acceptance testing and periodic quality control evaluation, a combination of visual and quantitative tests can be used, as outlined in sections 5 and 6 of 'assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems'. Although many display tests can be performed visually, a more objective and quantitative evaluation of display performance requires special test tools. The required instruments vary in their complexity and cost, depending on the context of the evaluation(research, acceptance testing, or quality control) and how thorough the evaluation needs to be. Objective and reliable assessment of many display characteristics can be performed with relatively inexpensive equipment, So, we made 'AAPM TG18 guiding instrument' to ues variable purpose of the evaluation of 'geometrical distortions(quantitative"', 'veiling glare(visual)' and 'sensor calibration'. The spatial measurements for the quantitative evaluation of geometric distortions, and the measurement of the veling-glare ring response function which provides information regarding the spatial extent of the luminance spread, can be performed using the TG18 guiding instrument can be used to sensor calibration to standardize the basic rate of 0% luminance when periodic calibration.