• 한국광학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2012

표면 플라즈몬-폴라리톤(surface plasmon-polaritons, SPP)의 외부-전반사(total external reflection, TER) 현상은 유전체 만으로 된 경계 면에서는 일어나지 않는 SPP 만의 독특한 특성이다. 금속 면 위에 놓인 낮은 굴절률 유전체 선이 도파로 코어 역할을 하여 파장 이하의 크기를 갖는 도파모드를 형성하는 SPP-TER 도파로 구조를 제안하였다. 코어 단면적 변화에 따른 SPP-TER 모드의 전파 특성을 기존의 높은 굴절률 유전체 도파로 및 금속 도파로 구조와 비교 분석하였다. 코어의 면적이 작아짐에 따라 SPP-TER 모드의 크기가 파장보다 수십 배 작아질 수 있으면서도, 주변에 이득물질을 갖는 경우에는 기존의 도파로 구조보다도 높은 이득을 가질 수 있음을 보였다. 따라서, 제안된 SPP-TER 구조는 나노 크기의 레이저 구현에 기여하리라 기대된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.3248-3252
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• 2012

Vibrio extracellular metalloprotease (vEP), secreted from Vibrio vulnificus, shows various proteolytic function such as prothrombin activation and fibrinolytic activities. Premature form of vEP has an N-terminal (nPP) and a C-terminal (C-ter100) region. The nPP and C-ter100 regions are autocleaved for the matured metalloprotease activity. It has been proposed that two regions play a key role in regulating enzymatic activity of vEP. Especially, C-ter100 has a regulatory function on proteolytic activity of vEP. C-ter100 domain has been cloned into the E. coli expression vectors, pET32a and pGEX 4T-1 with TEV protease cleavage site and purified using gel-filtration chromatography followed by affinity chromatography. To understand how C-ter100 modulates proteolytic activity of vEP, structural studies were performed by heteronuclar multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Backbone $^1H$, $^{15}N$ and $^{13}C$ resonances were assigned by data from standard triple resonance and HCCH-TOCSY experiments. The secondary structures of vEP C-ter100 were determined by TALOS+ and CSI software based on hydrogen/deuterium exchange. NMR data show that C-ter100 of vEP forms a ${\beta}$-barrel structure consisting of eight ${\beta}$-strands.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of nursing interventions applied to patients with thoracic injury who visited a trauma emergency room (TER) or an emergency room (ER). Methods: Of 3,938 trauma patients admitted to this hospital between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020, 320 adult patients with thoracic injury (94 to TER, 226 to ER) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients' data were acquired from their electronic medical records. General and clinical characteristics of these subjects along with nursing interventions were analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the length of stay, treatment outcome, and level of consciousness between thoracic injury patients who visited TER and ER. Average thoracic Abbreviated Injury Scale score and average Injury Severity Score of thoracic injury patients who visited TER were 3.13 and 13.54, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of patients who visited ER. The numbers of nursing actions applied was 4,819 for TER and 3,944 for ER, which were classified into five domains, 18 classes, and 56 interventions. The most domain of interventions carried out in both TER and ER was physiological: complex. Classes including Crisis management and Thermoregulation were not carried out in ER. On average, 16 more types of interventions were carried out in TER than in ER. Conclusion: This study demonstrated characteristics of thoracic injury patients and nursing interventions by emergency room type. Based on results of this study, standardized nursing interventions need be applied to thoracic injury patients visiting TER and ER.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.731-738
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• 2016

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is important for intestinal barrier function and regulation of tight junction (TJ) proteins, but the intracellular mechanisms of action remain undefined. The purpose of this research was to determine the protective effect of GLP-2 mediated TJ and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stressed IPEC-J2 cells and to test the hypothesis that GLP-2 regulate TJ and TER through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. Wortmannin and LY294002 are specific inhibitors of PI3K. The results showed that $100{\mu}g/mL$ LPS stress decreased TER and TJ proteins occludin, claudin-1 and zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) mRNA, proteins expressions (p<0.01) respectively. GLP-2 (100 nmol/L) promote TER and TJ proteins occludin, claudin-1, and zo-1 mRNA, proteins expressions in LPS stressed and normal IPEC-J2 cells (p<0.01) respectively. In normal cells, both wortmannin and LY294002, PI3K inhibitors, prevented the mRNA and protein expressions of Akt and mTOR increase induced by GLP-2 (p<0.01) following with the significant decreasing of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1 mRNA and proteins expressions and TER (p<0.01). In conclusion, these results indicated that GLP-2 can promote TJ's expression and TER in LPS stressed and normal IPEC-J2 cells and GLP-2 could regulate TJ and TER through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2011

다리 구조 또는 비다리 구조의 메탈로센 촉매를 이용하여 새로운 구조의 poly(ethylene-ter-1-hexeneter-divinylbenzene) 삼원공중합체를 제조하였다. 다리구조의 rac-$Et[Ind]_2ZrCl_2$ 촉매가 비다리구조의 $Cp_2ZrCl_2$ 촉매보다 상대적으로 양호한 결과를 보여 주었다. 특히 조촉매/촉매 몰비가 3000일 때 촉매활성도는 8000(kg of polymer/$mol{\cdot}h$)이 넘는 매우 높은 수준의 활성도를 보여주었다. 또한, 중합 시간에 따라 중량 평균 분자량이 일정수준까지 점차 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 중합시간이 50분일 때 무정형 상태를 나타내었다. 삼원공중합체의 중량평균 분자량은 110,000~200,000, 밀도는 $0.85{\sim}0.89g/cm^3$ 수준이었다. 또한, 삼원 공중합체의 열적 성질과 구조를 확인하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.120.1-120.1
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• 2012

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) launched on June 16, 2009 has six experiments including of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) onboard. The CRaTER instrument characterizes the radiation environment to be experienced by humans during future lunar missions. The CRaTER instrument measures the effects of ionizing energy loss in matter specifically in silicon solid-state detectors due to penetrating solar energetic protons (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) after interactions with tissue-equivalent plastic (TEP), a synthetic analog of human tissue. The CRaTER instrument houses a compact and highly precise microdosimeter. It measures dose rates below one micro-Rad/sec in silicon in lunar radiation environment. Forbush decrease (FD) event is the sudden decrease of GCR flux. We use the data of cosmic ray and dose rates observed by the CRaTER instrument. We also use the CME list of STEREO SECCHI inner, outer coronagraph and the interplanetary CME data of the ACE/MAG instrument.We examine the origins and the characteristics of the FD-like events in lunar radiation environment. We also compare these events with the FD events on the Earth. We find that whenever the FD events are recorded at ground Neutron Monitor stations, the FD-like events also occur on the lunar environments. The flux variation amplitude of FD-like events on the Moon is approximately two times larger than that of FD events on the Earth. We compare time profiles of GCR flux with of the dose rate of FD-like events in the lunar environment. We figure out that the distinct FD-like events correspond to dose rate events in the CRaTER on lunar environment during the event period.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.944-948
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• 1999

메탈로센 촉매로 만든 폴리에틸렌(MCPE)과 Ziegler-Natta 촉매로 만들어진 4가지의 폴리올레핀으로 구성된 2원 블렌드의 상 형태학을 통하여 미세 분자 구조의 변화가 이들 블렌드의 상 형태학과 계면 거동에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다; 연구한 네 쌍의 블렌드는 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(HDPE)-MCPE, 폴리프로필렌(PP)-MCPE, poly(propylene-co-ethylene) (CoPP)-MCPE, poly(propylene-co-ethylene-co-1-buthylene) (TerPP)-MCPE이며 모두 상 분리된 시스템이다. HDPE-MCPE는 HDPE 성분이 증가할수록 HDPE 결정이 MCPE 연속상에서 고르게 성장하는 동질상(homogeneous phase)을 나타내는 반면에, 나머지 세 쌍의 블렌드는 복잡한 이종의 상(heterogeneous phase) 형태학을 보였다. PP-MCPE는 PP와 MCPE의 상과 계면이 완전히 분리된 상 형태학을 보였고, MCPE가 50% 함유된 조성에서 상전이가 일어났다. CoPP-MCPE와 TerPP-MCPE는 이들 코폴리머에 함유한 에틸렌기로 인해 두 계면 사이의 혼화성이 증가하는 현상을 보였으며 MCPE가 40%인 블렌드에서 상전이가 일어났다. 특히 TerPP-MCPE 블렌드는 TerPP의 코폴리머가 MCPE와 같은 화학구조를 보이는 1-부텐과 에틸렌기를 가지고 있어 다른 두 블렌드인 PP-MCPE, CoPP-MCPE 보다 두 상간의 계면이 서로 부분적으로 섞이는 양상을 보였다. 상 형태학에서 본 미세 분자구조에 의한 부분적 상용성은 기계적 특성이나 유변학적 성질과도 밀접한 관계를 나타냈다. 그러므로 본 연구에 사용한 네 가지 블렌드는 두 상이 완전히 분리되어 열역학적으로 비 혼화성을 나타내지만 다음과 같은 특성을 제시할 수 있다. 즉 계면의 세기는 HDPE-MCPE>TerPP-MCPE>CoPP-MCPE>PP-MCPE 순이며, 이는 미세 분자 구조측면에서 공통의 화학 구성물이 계면 접착력(interfacial adhesion)의 증가를 가져오는 중요한 요인으로 작용하기 때문으로 여겨진다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2005

The toxic effects of 12 commercially available insecticides on the earthworm, Eisenia fetida (Savigny), were evaluated using artificial soil, surface sprayed soil, immersion, and contact filter tests. The risk to earthworm was assessed by the TER (toxic exposure ratio) value, which was calculated by the formula, TER=NOEC/PEC (predicted environmental concentration). TER was 3 for methomyl SL, 20 for carbaryl WP, 20 for phosphamidon SL, 30 for imidacloprid WP, and 60 for dichlorvos EC the in artificial soil test. At recommended, the earthworm mortality to methomyl SL reached 50% in the surface sprayed soil test, 72% in the immersion test, 30% in the contact filter paper test, whereas that to imidacloprid WP reached 56, 32, and 100 respectively. As a result of the four methods, methomyl SL and imidacloprid WP would be toxic insecticides to earthworm.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1993

Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung ist der weltweite soziale Wandel der letzten Jahrzehnte und sein Einflu${\beta}$ auf die Entstehung und Charakteristiken junger Familien. Ein Ausdruck dieses generellen Wandels ist der Meinungswandel im Zusammenhang mit elterlichen Funktionen. Untersucht wurde, ob Rollenvorstellungen und die Beziehung der Eltern zueinander in einer bestimmten Phase des Familienlebens, n mlich w hrend des bergangs zur Elternschaft, unterworfen sind. Beurteilt wurden bergangseffekte im Vergleich von Ver nderungen bei Erst und Zweiteltern, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Baby aufgetreten sind. Dieses Vorgehen basierte auf der Annahme, da${\beta}$ bei Ersteltern st rkere Effekte auftreten als bei Zweiteltern. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf 130 s dkoreanishcen Erst-bzw. Zweiteltern die w hrend der Schwangerschaft(ca. 6 Monat) erstmals befragt wurden und auf verbliebenen 89 Elternpaaren, die sich an einer zweiten Befragung drei Monate nach der Geburt des Babys beteiligten. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen haben gezeight, da${\beta}$ die koreanischen Erstv ter noch st rker als die Zweitv ter eine egalit re Elternrolle vor und nach der Geburt des Kindes bef rworten. Beim bergang zur Elternschaft kam es also nicht zu einer nderung in der traditionellen bzw. egalit ren Rolleneinstellung bei koreanischen Erst und Zweiteltern. Damit sind sowohl Ergebnisse zur Generativit t w hrend bei M ttern kein Unterschied erkennbar ist, zeigen sich die Erstv ter weniger konservativ als die Zwdeitv ter. Zusammenhang zwischen ehelicher Zufreidenheit und Partnerdifferenzen in Rolleneinstellungen wurde gefunden: Paare, bei denen die M tter st rker egalit r orientiert ist als die vater, besitzen niedrigere Werte in ehelicher Zufriedenheit.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2020

Background: High complication rate after open reduction and internal fixation can lead to use of primary total elbow replacement (TER) in treatment of complex distal humerus fractures in elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term outcomes and complications after primary TER in patients with complex distal humerus fracture. Methods: Nine patients with acute complex distal humerus fracture were treated by primary TER using the semiconstrained Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis. The mean age of patients was 72.7 years (range, 63-85 years). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated over a mean follow-up of 29.0 months (range, 12-65 months) using visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain; Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS); Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH) score; and serial plain radiographs. Complications were also evaluated. Results: At the final follow-up, mean VAS, MEPS, and Quick-DASH scores were 1.2, 80.5, and 20, respectively. The mean range of motion was 127.7° of flexion, 13.8° of extension, 73.3° of pronation, and 74.4° of supination. There was no evidence of bushing wear or high-grade implant loosening on serial plain radiographs. Three complications (33.3%) comprising two periprosthetic fractures and one ulnar neuropathy were observed. Conclusions: Primary TER for treatment of complex distal humerus fractures in elderly patients yielded satisfactory short-term outcomes. However, surgeons should consider the high complication rate after primary TER.