• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.487-494
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• 1996

기도평활근을 전장 자극하면 콜린성 수축에 이은 느리고도 지속적 인 이완성 반응이 유발된다. 지속적 인 이완성 반응은 억제성인 비아드레날린성 비콜린성 신경 섬유에 의해서 야기되는 것으로 알려져있다. 그러나 이러한 신경 말단에서 분비되는 신경 전달물질에 대해서는 아직도 실험한 동물 및 사용 조직에 따라 다르게 보고되고 있다. 본 실험은 기 니피그 기도 평 활근에서 전장 자극을 주어 이완성 반응에 관여 하는 인자 및 그 작용 기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 전장 자극으로 유발된 이완성 반응은 L-NAME에 의 해서 억제되 었으며 L-arginine에 의 해서 부분적으로 회복되 었다. 또한 L-WAME은 기초장력을 증가시켰 다. Hitroprusside는 윤상근의 기초 장력을 완전히 억제하였으며, methylene blue는 전장 자극으로 유발 된 이완성 반응을 억제함과 동시에 기초장력을 증가시켰다 Forskolin과 isoprenaline는 nitroprusside와 똑같이 기도 평활근의 기초 장력을 크게 억제하였다. TEA와 apamin은 기도 평활근 기초 장력 및 전장 자극으로 유발된 이완성 반응을 모두증가시켰다. 이상의 실험 결과로 보아 기니피그 기도 평활근 비교 감성 비콜린성 신경 섬\ulcorner 말단에서는 K' 통로와 관련하여 WO가 분비되며 이외에도 CAMP를 매개로 하는다른억제성 신경 전달물질(ex. WP,만Tl)이 분비되리라사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.783-796
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• 1997

The relaxation induced by stimulation of the inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (iNANC) nerve is mediated by the release of iNANC neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The mechanisms of NO, VIP or ATP-induced relaxation have been partly determined in previous studies, but the detailed mechanism remains unknown. We tried to identify the nature of iNANC neurotransmitters in the smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum and to determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide. We measured the effect of NO-donors VIP and ATP on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration$([Ca^{2+}]_i)$, by means of a fluorescence dye(fura 2) and tension simultaneously in the isolated guinea pig ileal smooth muscle. Following are the results obtained. 1. Sodium nitroprusside $(SNP:10^{-5}\;M)$ or S -nitro-N-acetyl-penicillamine $(SNP:10^{-5}\;M)$ decreased resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ I and tension of muscle. SNP or SNAP also inhibited rhythmic oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. In 40mM $K^+$ solution or carbachol ($(CCh:10^{-6}\;M)$-induced precontracted muscle, SNP decreased muscle tension. VIP did not change $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension in the resting or precontracted muscle, but ATP increased resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension in the resting muscle. 2. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazol(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one $(ODQ:1\;{\mu}M)$, a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, limited the inhibitory effect of SNP 3. Glibenclamide $(10\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of $K_{ATP}$ channel, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP:5 mM), a blocker of delayed rectifier K channel, apamin $(0.1\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of small conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel had no effect on the inhibitory effect of SNP. Iberiotoxin $(0.1\;{\mu}M)$, a blocker of large conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel, significantly increased the resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and tension, and limited the inhibitory effect of SNP. 4. Nifedipine $(1\;{\mu}M)$ or elimination of external $Ca^{2+}$ decreased not only resting $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension but also oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. Ryanodine $(5\;{\mu}M)$ and cyclopiazonic acid $(10\;{\mu}M)$ decreased oscillation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension. 5. SNP decreased $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of contractile protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that 1) NO is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the guinea pig ileum, 2) the inhibitory effect of SNP on the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and tension of the muscle is due to a decrease in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ by activation of the large conductance $K_{Ca}$ channel and a decrease in the sensitivity of contractile elements to $Ca^{2+}$ through activation of G-kinase.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.235-239
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• 2008

Cable systems are a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending in membrane structure. Tensile membrane structures are most often used as roofs as they can economically and attractively span large distances. But cable systems have weaknesses to vibration by earthquake, wind and vehicle loads. Damage detection of cable systems by using existing safety diagnosis is difficult to detect the characteristic change of overall structural action. If cable snaps are occurred to cable release and tear in tension structures, these are set up a vibration. So, we used piezo-electric materials, and The principle of operation of a piezoelectric sensor is that a physical dimension, transformed into a force, acts on two opposing faces of the sensing element. In this study, the development on test method of cable system is proposed and tested by tensile strength using piezo-electric materials.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.134-135
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 해양생물 부착 방지 도료를 만들기 위해 표면장력이 낮은 실리콘계 폴리머를 합성하여 도료를 제조하고 물리적인 특성 및 방오성을 고찰하였다. 도장 시스템은 하도/중도로 방청도료를 적용하고 상도로 제조한 도료를 사용하여 도막물성을 평가하였다. 평가결과 도막이 평활하고 낮은 표면장력과 탄력성을 지녀 해양생물의 고착 및 기계적 접착을 저해하여 우수한 방오성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1990

전기장 자극으로 수축을 유발한 흰쥐 좌심방에서, 자극 빈도 변경에 따른 수축 운동의 변동에 미치는, 여러 경로를 통한 수축 유발 calcium의 영향을 검색하므로, 각 경로가 심근 수축에 미치는 영향을 추구하였다. 흰쥐 좌심방은 자극 빈도를 급격하게 낮추므로, 특징적인 삼단계 변동을 나타내었다. 즉, 처음의 급격한 수축 장력증가와, 두번째 일시적인 빠른 장력감소, 이어서 세번째로 수축장력의 유지단계로 나타났으며, 이때 수축장력은 고빈도 자극시의 2배 정도가 되었다. Caffeine처치는 이와같은 자극빈도 하강에 따른 수축 장력의 증가를 현저하게 억압하였다. Verapamil은 고빈도 자극시 수축 운동을 완전히 소실시켰으나, 저빈도 자극으로 변경시에는 verapamil 존재하에서도 수축 운동이 소생되었다. 한편 ouabain처치나 영양액내 sodium 배제시에는 저빈도 자극으로 나타나는 특징적인 두번째 단계의 변동이 소실되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 심근막의 calcium통로는 세포내 유지에 필수불가결한 경로이며, 심근 수축 유발 calcium의 주된 기원은 근 소포체로 부터 유리되는 것으로 믿어진다. 또한 sodium-calcium교환은 세포내 sodium농도의 변동에 따라 수축 유발 calcium양 형성에 조절 인자로서의 기능을 갖는 것으로 추측된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to improve the comfort of daily life such as reduction of headache and increase of movement of neck by using muscle relaxation approach and joint movement approach for office worker with tension type headache of foward head posture sitting over 5 hours. Methods For this, 9 male and 15 female participated in the foward head posture with tension type headache. Each group consisted of 3 male and 5 female. Groups are divided into groups, such as muscle relaxation therapy, joint movement therapy, muscle relaxation and joint movement therapy. After intervention for each group for a month, we measured neck movement and head disability index and neck disability index 2 week. SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. The one-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, compared t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results Three intervention groups have brought improvements in neck movement and daily life comfort. There is significant difference in the improvement of neck extension and change in neck disability index between 2 and 4 weeks in the joint movement approach compared to muscle relaxation approach, muscle relaxation and joint movement approach. Conclusions Office workers are exposed to tension type headache. However, muscle relaxation approach and joint movement approach can improve neck movement and daily life comfort.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2021

Purpose : We aimed to validate a new manual therapy to treat tension type headache(TTH) by applying myofascial release techniques to the scalp and to examine the changes in the quality of life and the headache characteristics after treatment and at the 6-month follow-up. Methods : Thirty patients were recruited in this study and were assigned to two groups through simple random sampling. Fifteen patients were assigned to the manual therapy group (MT) and 15 patients to the scalp myofascial release technique (SMT) group. However, five patients from the MT group and one from the SMT group were excluded. Therefore, 24 patients with TTH (10 males, 14 females) participated in the study. Patients underwent either MT or SMT. The procedures were performed by a physical therapist twice per week for 4 weeks. The quality of life [using the brief pain inventory (BPI) and the headache impact test (HIT)], and the frequency, duration, and intensity of the headache [on a visual analog scale (VAS)] were assessed before and after the treatment, and at the follow-up. Results : After 4 weeks of SMT, the frequency (p<.001), duration (p<.05), and intensity (p<.001) of the headache and the quality of life (HIT; p <.001, BPI; p<.001) significantly improved in the patients with TTH. The improvement in these parameters remained significant even after 6 months of follow-up. Similarly, After 4 weeks of MT, the frequency (p<.05), duration (p<.05), and intensity (p<.01) of the headache, and the quality of life (HIT; p<.05, BPI; p<.001) significantly improved in the patients with TTH. The improvement in these parameters remained significant even after 6 months of follow-up. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the two groups. Conclusion : It has been suggested that MT using the SMT can be used as a non-invasive treatment to treat the frequency, duration, and intensity of the TTH, and to improve the quality of life.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

This paper presets experimental and analytical studies of ultimate strength of [$[30_2/-30_2/90]_S$ carbon/epoxy laminates with free-edge delamination under uniaxial tension. We performed tensile teat far laminates with Telflon inserted on interfaces to simulate initial free-edge delamination, The experiment reveals that extensional stiffness of the laminate decreases by the initiation of the delamination, and that strength of the laminate without delamination is smaller than that of the laminates with delamination. Generalized quasi-three delamination finite element analysis, which employs energy release rate and maximum stress criteria, predicts the ultimate strength of the laminates with sufficient accuracy.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제35D권2호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1998

Polysilicon surface mdoification tecnique is developed to reduce the sticking of microstructures fabricated by micromachining. Modified anti-sticking grain holes are simply formed by two-step dry eth without additional photolithography nor deposition of thin films. Both process-induced sticking and in-use sticking are successfully reduced more than two times by adopting grain holed polysilicon substrate. A sticking model for cantilever beam is derived. This model includes bending moment stems from stress gradient along the thickness directionof structural polysilicon. Because the surface tension of rinse liquid and the surface energy of the solids to be stuk tend to decrease in recently developed anti-sticking techniques, the effect of stress gradient will play an important role to analyze the sticking phenomena. Effect of the temperature during post-release rinse and dry is modelled and verified experimentally. Based on developed anti-sticking polysilicon structure and the sticking model, sticking of microstructure, fabricated by simple wet process including sacrificial layer etch and rinse with deionized water without special equimpment for post-release rinse and dry was alleviated more than 3.5 times.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1988

To elucidate one of the effect of piperine on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, influence of piperine upon the contractile action of norepinephrine, methoxamine and tyramine as well as uptake and release of $[^{3}H]-norepinephrine$ has been investigated in naive and chronic piperine-treated vas deferens of rats. $pA_2$ value for ${\alpha}_1-adrenoceptor$ of phentolamine was significantly increased. Chronic piperine-treated group was markedly shown increased efflux of $[^{3}H]-norepinephrine$ and muscular tension, but was not affected the neuronal up-take and release of $[^{3}H]-norepinephrine$. It can be concluded that potentiation of the effect of norepinephrine by acute and chronic piperine treated group may be due to the change of affinity of ${\alpha}_1-adrenoceptor$, and partly due to possible modification of storage mechanism.