• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The new waste management policy of South Korea encourages the recycling of waste materials. One material being recycled currently is tire-derived fuel (TDF) ash. TDF is composed of shredded scrap tires and is used as fuel in power plants and industrials plants, resulting in TDF ash, which has a chemical composition similar to that of the fly ash produced from coal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of an asphalt concrete mix that used TDF ash as the mineral filler. METHODS : The properties of the asphalt concrete were evaluated for different mineral filler types and contents using various measurement techniques. The fundamental physical properties of the asphalt concrete specimens such as their gradation and antistripping characteristics were measured in accordance with the KS F 3501 standard. The Marshall stability test was performed to measure the maximum load that could be supported by the specimens. The wheel tracking test was used to evaluate the rutting resistance. To investigate the moisture susceptibility of the specimens, dynamic immersion and tensile strength ratio (TSR) measurements were performed. RESULTS : The test results showed that the asphalt concrete containing TDF ash satisfied all the criteria listed in the Guide for Production and Construction of Asphalt Mixtures (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, South Korea). In addition, TDF ash exhibited better performance than that of portland cement. The Marshall stability of the asphalt concrete with TDF ash was higher than 7500 N. Further, its dynamic stability was also higher than that listed in the guide. The results of the dynamic water immersion and the TSR showed that TDF ash shows better moisture resistance than does portland cement. CONCLUSIONS : TDF ash can be effectively recycled by being used as a mineral filler in asphalt, as it exhibits desirable physical properties. The optimal TDF ash content in asphalt concrete based on this study was determined to be 5%. In future works, the research team will compare the characteristics of asphalt concrete as function of the mineral filler types.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1990

On the basis of the review of radiobiological date, a formalism is developed for the analysis and prediction of iso-effect relations for tissue tolerance, which can be used as an alternative to the norminal standard dose(NSD) formaula of Ellis and its derived equations. An important feature of the described formalism is that directly based on radiobiological insights and it provides a more logical concept to account for the diversity of tissue responses. The NSD concept has subsequently been extended to the formalisms of timedose-fractionation(TDF) value. The authors deriveded TDF equation on the basis NSD of Ellis. TDF=0.07(NSD)-26.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2017

TDF (Tire derived fuel) Fly ash는 폐타이어를 발전소의 연료원으로써 사용하고 발생된 분말형태의 산업 부산물이다. TDF Fly ash는 현재까지 국내에서 사업장 폐기물로 분류되어 적절하게 활용되지 못하고 있다. 새로운 활용 방안 모색을 위해 TDF Fly ash를 아스팔트 혼합물용 채움재(Mineral filler)로써 적용하여 사용 가능성을 알아보는 아스팔트 혼합물 기초 물성 시험을 실시하였다. TDF Fly ash는 국내 KS F 3501의 아스팔트 혼합물 채움재 기준을 만족하였으며 마샬 배합설계를 진행하여 4.5%최적아스팔트함량을 결정하였다. 채움재 함량은 3%로 결정하였으며 채움재로써 석분을 사용하여 비교 분석 하였다. 아스팔트 혼합물 기초 물성 시험은 국토교통부에서 발간한 "아스팔트 혼합물 생산 및 시공지침"에서 제시된 규정으로 평가하였다. 시험은 마샬안정도 시험, 동적수침 시험, 인장강도비 시험, 휠 트랙킹 시험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 마샬안정도와 동적안정도는 국토교통부에서 제시된 기준에 만족하여 안정성을 확인하였고 동적수침과 인장강도비 시험은 TDF Fly ash가 석분보다 박리저항성 및 수분저항성에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 TDF Fly ash의 다각적 활용이 예상 되며 긍정적인 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.608-612
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• 2005

친환경적이면서 신속한 비파괴 분석방법인 FT-NIR를 이용하여 백미의 총식이섬유(TDF)함량 예측모델을 개발하였다. 백미는 국내산으로 전남지방에서 재배된 47개 품종과, 시중 유통 중인 13개 브랜드 미에 대해서 AOAC 방법에 준한 효소법에 의해 TDF 함량을 분석하였다. 습식 분석된 TDF함량의 범위는 $1.17-1.92\%$ 이었다. FT-NIR로 측정된 스펙트럼의 검량식은 빛의 산란 효과를 최소화하기 위해 수학적 처리를 하였고, 몇 개의 특정 파장이 아닌 전 파장 영역(1,000-2,500 nm)에 대해서 PLS법으로 작성하였다. 얻어진 검량식의 정확도는 상관계수(r), SEE 및 SEP로 확인하였다. 백미 중 총 식이섬유 함량에 대한 회귀분석을 행한 결과, 검량식의 r은 0.9705, SEE는 0.0464, 검증식의 bias는 -0.0006, SEP가0.0604로 측정 정확도가 우수하여 실제 적용이 가능함을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.700-704
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• 2004

십자화과 쌈샐러드 9종류에 관한 일반성 분과 구조탄수화물인 식이섬유소류(DFi, TDF, IDF, SDF, NDF, ADF, ADL, CHO, hemicellulose)를 측정하였다. 건물 기준으로 이들 쌈샐러드는 단백질과 조지방 함량이 2∼3배 높았으며 조회분의 경우 7배 가량 곡류보다 높았다. TDF 함유량에 있어서 비타민이 24.26%로 낮았으나 청경채가 47.33%였다. IDF는 비타민이 17.75%로 낮았으며 뉴그린이 26.81%로 높았으나 SDF는 뉴그린이 3.20%로 낮았고 청경채가 23.45%로 매우 높았다. 이들 십자화과 채소류의 상관관계는 TDF와 SDF간에는 Y=0.93X＋22.62(r=0.89, p＜0.01), TDF와 ADF간에는 Y=0.97X＋11.04(r=0.85, p＜0.01), TDF와 ADL간의 Y=1.00X＋25.47(r=0.72, p＜0.05)로 유의한 상관을 나타내었다. 따라서 십자화과 채소류는 화학적방법에 의한 ADF, ADL분석을 통해 TDF의 추정이 가능함이 확인되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to determine a high-fiber variety of sprout bean and bean sprout. Sixty-six varieties of Korean sprout beans and thirty varieties of Korean bean sprouts were analyzed for their total dietary fiber (TDF) using a combination of enzymatic and gravimetric methods adopted by AOAC. The average and range of the TDF contents of the 66 varieties of sprout beans were 21.73$\pm$2.43% and 16.60~29.2% (dry basis), respectively. The top five types of sprout beans with high TDF anions the 66 samples were KLG10658 (29.2%), Dawonkong (28.46%), Sohokong (25.66%), Moohankong (25.465%) and Samnamkong (24.94%). The mean TDF content of sprout beans was relatively high in the variety with yellow seed coat color and a smaller seed size (<15 g/100 seeds) than the ones with other colors and of medium or large seed size. The average and range of the TDF content of the 30 varieties of bean sprouts were 24.48$\pm$3.9% and 18.3~33.38%, respectively. Dawonkong sprouts showed the highest TDF content (33.38%). The average TDF content of bean sprouts was 1.16 times higher than that of the corresponding seed beans. The TDF content of bean sprouts did not significantly change during the days of culture. The TDF content in the different parts of the bean sprout were high in the order of roots, hypocotyl and cotyledon.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1994

A study was conducted to develop a new analytical method to quantitate chicken dietary fiber (CDF). Four types of grain diets and 2 types of forages were used. Three broiler chicks at eight weeks of age were used in the Latin square design to estirnate the in vivo digestibility. Six quantitative analytical methods (Southgate method, total dietary fiber or TDF, acid detergent fiber or ADF, neutral detergent fiber or NDF, crude fiber or CF) including CDF were compared in this study. ADF, NDF and CF contained the lowest amount of the unavailable carbohydrate(UC). The value of TDF was higher than the values of ADF, NDF and CF and lower than CDF and the Southgate method. The value of NDF showed the lower values than the CDF, Southgate fiber and TDF. The recovery rate of the fiber in the feces was high in the TDF, ADF, NDF and CF, while CDF and Southgate fiber showed lower recovery rates. TDF, NDF, ADF, or CF can replace chromium in the digestibility test, while the CDF and Southgate fiber can not replace chrorniurn. The digestibility of TDF, NDF, ADF and CF in the chicken showed negative values or values close to zero depending on the types of feed but the digestibility of CDF and Southgate fiber showed relatively high positive values.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

The effects of cooking methods on the total dietary fiber(TDF) and enzyme-resistant starch(RS) contents of nonwaxy and waxy milled and brown rices were investigated. The TDF contents of raw rices were 3.77% for nonwaxy brown, 3.41% for waxy brown, 1.37% for nonwaxy milled and 1.14% for waxy milled rices. The TDF contents were higher in brown rices than milled ones and slightly higher in nonwaxy than waxy ones. However, there were no significant differences among raw and cooked rices with. automatic electric cooker and automatic pressure cooker. The TDF contents of cooked rices did not show any increase, but that of waxy milled ones rather slightly decreased by cooking. The RS contents analysed were not significantly different between automatic electric cooking and automatic pressure cooking. The RS contents of cooked rices were 0.05∼0.06% for nonwaxy milled, 0.09∼0.12% for nonwaxy brown, 0.07∼0.08% for waxy milled, 0.11∼0.13% for waxy brown, which showed higher RS content in brown than milled ones, and in waxy than nonwaxy ones. The ratios of RS/TDF were 4.1∼4.2% for nonwaxy milled, 2.8% for nonwaxy brown, 7.5∼8.9% for waxy milled, 3.6∼3.7% for waxy brown, which showed that the higher the TDF contents, the less the contribution of RS to the TDF.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2014

Objective : This study set out to combine the treatment efficacy of Taraxacum with Dongchimi fermentation and investigate Taraxacum's effects on protection of liver cell and controlling nitric oxide(NO) through experiments, thus checking whether it had values as a physiological active matter. The experimental materials include Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) and Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF). As for methodology, experiments were carried out to compare TD and TDF in components, protection effects for liver cells, anticancer effects on liver cells, and protection effects for brain cells in the aspects of liver function and immunity enhancement. Method : The experimental materials include Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) and Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF). As for methodology, experiments were carried out to compare TD and TDF in components, protection effects for liver cells, anti-cancer effects on liver cells, and protection effects for brain cells in the aspects of liver function and immunity enhancement. Results : As shown in the chromatogram results, each valid component content increased in Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF) for each time section. Of them, the valid component content at 36.80 minutes was approximately 2.7 times higher in TDF at 21.8% than in Taraxacum Dongchimi (TD) at 8.28%. TDF generated more excellent protection effects against the toxicity that caused oxidative damage to the liver cell(HepG2) with t-BHP than TD. The survival rate was low in TD of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $300{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and increased to 23.3% in TDF of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The survival rate was the highest at $300{\mu}M$ with a significant difference of 68.1%(P<0.05). Both TD and TDF showed effects of controlling nitric oxide production according to concentration with TDF recording a higher rate of controlling nitric oxide production than TD. There were significant differences(P<0.05) in the effects of controlling nitric oxide production at 200 ug/ml, 400 ug/ml in both groups. Especially the result TDF of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was thus similar to those of butein, the positive control group. Conclusion : The result of this studies is that Taraxacum fermented by Dongchimi (TDF) increased the valid component content compared with the simple mixture(TD). The findings clearly show that it is a material with the effects of improving immunity and liver cell protection. If fermentation methods are further developed to use it as a functional material, it will be subject to more opportunities of being used in other functional foods and make a contribution to integrated medicinal food development.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1993년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); Seoul National University, Seoul; 20-22 Oct. 1993
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• pp.477-481
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• 1993

The aim of this paper is to analyze via computer simulation the robust performance of TDF(Two Degree of Freedom) H.$_{\infty}$ controller for uncertain systems having parameter uncertainty. We apply the TDF H$_{\infty}$ controller to autopilot design. We evaluate the robust performance of the TDF H$_{\infty}$ controller for uncertain systems and present the guaranteed bound of robust performance via computer simulation.on.