• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.105-113
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• 2001

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on cerebral blood flow by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) Method : Monitoring of TCD was examined in 11 healthy women volunteer(mean $age:\;24.5{\pm}2.9\;\;years$) before, during and after acupuncture on Paekoe(GV20). Mean velocity, pulsatility index, systolic velocity and diastolic velocity values are analyzed from DWL. MDX4 at different depths of both middle cerebral artery. Results : The results showed a significant(p<0.05; Friedman test & Wilcoxon signed ranks test) increase in mean velocity, systolic velocity and diastolic velocity decrease in pulsatility index, which was measured at different depths of both middle cerebral artery. Conclusion : These results suggest that acupuncture could have a specific effect on cerebral blood flow.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.300-318
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• 1998

Background : The vasoreactivity of cerebral artery is currently the subject of increasing interest. Transcranial Doppler Sonography(TCD) is an accurate method of monitoring the blood flow velocities of the cerebral artery. We wished to assess the vasoreactivity between age-matched normal and cerebral infarction group. Method : We performed TCD findings in 40 normals and 20 cb-inf. subjects who arrived at hospital during 48 hours after attack. The former were devided into twenties normal group and fifties normal group. Result : 1. Fibrinogen levels showed significant changes between age-matched normal and cb-inf. group. 2. $V^{MEAN}$ of the both side Carotid Siphon during rest state increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 3. $V^{MEAN}and\;V^{MAX}$ of the both side carotid siphon during breath-hold state increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 4. Vasoreactivity of cerebral artery increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 5. $V^{MEAN}and\;V^{MAX}$ of the both side Radial artery during heat-stimuration state increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group. 6. Vasoreactivity of Radial artery increased significantly in cb-inf. group as compared with the age-matched normal group.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1999

Background : The origin of P300 was still on debate nbut thought to be in the frontal, temporal or parietal lobe. As the transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) gives us and opportunity to observe hemodynamic chaged dynamically and the middle cerebral artery feeds these ares of the hemisphere, we observed the change of mean flow velocity of MCA during the event related potential test(ERP) to determine the role of these structures in P300 generation. Method : Twenty normal subjects(male : 13, age : 24-29 years) performed ERP. An auditory oddball pardigm was used to elicit the ERPs. TCD examination was performed with 2-MHz probe monitoring the left MCA(Transscan, EME). After signal identification and adjustments to maximize the Doppler signal strength, the probe was mechanically locked during the monitoring. The changes of blood flow velocity of the left middle cerebral artery(MCA) induced by cognitive demands were monitored. The measurement of the meal flow velocities(MFV) of MCA were made while the subjects were prior to, during, and after ERP. We recorded the MFVs during ERP. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests with SPSS-PC for windows release 6.0. Results : All subjects showed a relative increase in MFV of MCA during the task. The mean rise was about 3.2-4.2%(p <0.05). Although TCD does not measure absolute values of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) or absolute rCBF changes, changes of flow velocity can reflect relative rCBF changes. Conclusions : The generation site of P300 still remains unclear but the neocortical, thalamic and limbic region and temporal-parietal cortex have been proposed. The MCA supplies these anatomical structures. The Changes of flow veolocity of MCA during the ERP test suggest that the some part of the brain fed y the MCA activate of the temporal lobe or parietal lobes, we can deduce that some parts of brain fed by the MCA participate in the generation of P300.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2001

Background and Purpose : Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) is a noninvasive and nonradioactive technique for evaluation of the hemodynamics in large cerebral vessels. Sahyangsohap-won(SS) has been considered to be effective for the treatment of various disease, especially cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and psychosomatoform disorders. But, there is no study about the effect of SS on the cerebral hemodynamics in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of SS on the changes in cerebral hemodynamics and the dose-dependant effect by using TCD. Subjects and Methods : 30 healthy subjects were randomly divided into three group: group 1 took no drug, group 2 took SS one pill, and group 3 took SS 2 pills. Changes in the mean blood flow velocity(MBFV) and pulsatility index(PI) in the middle cerebral artery were evaluated by means of TCD. We obtained hypercapnia with breath-holding and evaluated cerebrovascular reactivity with the breath-holding index(BHI). Systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), and heart rate(HR) were measured by means of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. In group 2 and group 3, the evaluations were performed during the baseline and were repeated at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after SS administration. In group 1, the evaluation was performed at corresponding time intervals. Results : In mean values of MSFV, PI, SSP, DBP, and HR, no stastically significant differences were found between the 3 groups. However, BHI values were significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1 at 40 minutes after SS administration(P<0.05, group 1 vs group 2, group 1 vs group 3 by post-hoc analysis: Scheffe's test) but in dose-dependant effect, there was no difference between group 2 and group 3. Conclusion : These results suggest that SS can decrease vascular resistance in cerebral small arteries or arterioles and enhance their distensibility. Further studies on larger numbers of subjects are needed to confirm these effects and the dose-dependant effects.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.184-198
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• 2012

The purpose of intra-operative neurological monitoring (INM) is to minimize surgically induced nerve damage, sensory nerves and motor neurons without affecting the operations to proceed during surgery such as evoked potentials (EP), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial doppler (TCD), etc. During the course of checking a patient's condition, surveillance of ambulatory patients is a very different thing to check if the test is done under general anesthesia. INM can be possible or impossible depending on the type of drugs used and their concentrations because the monitoring is performed under anesthesia. Therefore, it is emphasized on the necessity of reviewing anesthesia which influences on INM.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.199-214
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to change of blood flow in In-Young(ST9) after treatment on chronic daily headache patients. Methods : Monitoring of TCD was examined in 10' s chronic daily headache patients before and after treatment. Mean velocity flow, systolic velocity and pulsatility index were analyzed from TCD at In-Young(ST9). The patients was laid for 20 minutes before treatment and also for treatment. Results : The results showed a significant(p<0.05: Paired T-test) decrease in mean velocity flow and systolic velocity. but there were no significant differences in pulsatility index. Conclusions : These results suggest that there were significant change on blood flow in In-young of chronic daily headache patients.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

This study is to develop a fuel cell system applicable to an in situ NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) diagnosis. The in situ NMR can be used in real time monitoring of various reactions occurring in the fuel cell, such as oxidation of fuel, reduction of oxygen, transport phenomena, and component degradation. The fuel cell for this purpose is, however, to be operated in a specifically designed tubular shape toroid cavity detector (TCD), which constrains the fuel cell to have a tubular shape. This may cause difficulties in effective mass transport of reactants/products and uniform distribution of assembly pressure. Therefore, a new flow field designed in a particular way is necessary to enhance the mass transport in the tubular fuel cell. In this study, a tubular-shaped close-type flow field made of non-magnetic material is developed. With this flow field, oxygen is effectively delivered to the cathode surface and the produced water is readily removed from the membrane-electrode assembly to prevent flooding. The resulting DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell) outperforms the open-type flow field and exhibits $36\;mW/cm^2$ even at room temperature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.316-320
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• 2003

Background: The detection of circulating microemboli by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) has the potential to select the patients with high risk for future symptomatic brain embolism. We prospectively evaluated the positive rate and the frequency of microembolic signals (MES) before and after the heart valve surgery (HVS). Material and Method: Fifty in-patients with heart valve disease were enrolled in this study. Patients with history of previous stroke or heart valve surgery were excluded. Two unilateral TCD monitoring sessions were peformed from middle cerebral artery for 1-hour, before and after HVS. Result: Mechanical Heart valves were implanted in 28 patients, tissue valves were implanted in 10 patients, and remaining 12 patients received mitral valve repair. Positive rate of MES was significantly increased after HVS (50%), compared to that of before HVS (8%, p=0.00). There was no relation between MES after HVS and intensity of anticoagulation, cardiac rhythm, patients' age, and history of hypertension. The positive rate of MES after implantation of mechanical heart valve (71.4%) was significantly higher than those after implantation of tissue valve or mitral valve plasty (p=0.002). Conclusion: Positive rate of MES was increased significantly after the implantation of HVS. The changes of MES in those with mechanical prosthesis may be related to the increased risk or embolism after Hvs.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

In the present study, we developed a portable GC module for real-time, quantitative determinations of gas mixtures in air sample. Capillary or packed column was coiled together with a heater wire and thermocouple in a small case. Together with the small and light weight sensors and valves as well as the rechargeable carrier gas canister, which permits collection and separation of samples, this system can determine the components of complex mixtures of air contaminants at low concentrations with a duty cycle of 10 min. When measured the various samples with a FID and TCD, the system showed, for a capillary column, a good resolution (R=8.3), high sensitivity, reproducibility, and linear dynamic range greater than three orders of magnitude. These results indicate that the portable GC module is expected to be used for a wide range of applications, particularly for in situ environmental monitoring, chemical processes, and regulation of contaminant emission.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2017

To visually identify the spoilage of chicken breasts, a three layered freshness indicator consisting of PET/bromocresol green (BCG)-ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)-acetic acid (AA) composite layer/porous substrates was successfully prepared and their performance were simulated at 20% of $CO_2$ and 4 different trimethylamine (TMA) concentrations to evaluate color change at minimal spoilage level. The visibility and range of color changes of the as-prepared indicators responding to TMA concentration as a simulant were strongly dependent on the concentrations of BCG and AA. As the BCG content increased, the visibility of color change in the freshness indicators was apparently improved and the range of color change could be controlled by contents of AA. Among the as-prepared freshness indicators, 'G0.12_A0.5' which consisting 0.12g of BCG and 0.5g of AA was selected as an optimum composition due to the highest visibility at TMA 20 mg% corresponding to the minimal spoilage level. The color of the indicator changed from yellow to green for spoilage indication of chicken breast, which could be easily seen with the naked eyes and well consistent with the simulation results. It is expected that our developed freshness indicator can be useful in monitoring various food freshness and quality.