• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2001

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.46-52
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• 2004

21세기에 들어서면서 IT기술의 비약적인 발전으로 모든 분야에서 글로벌화가 신속히 추진되고 있다. 더욱이 WTO/TBT협정(무역의 기술적 장벽에 관한 협정)은 '자국의 국가 표준을 제정할 때 국제표준이 있는 경우에는 원칙적으로 국제표준의 채택을 의무화'하여 '선진국은 2005년까지 개발도상국은 2010 년까지 국제표준을 국가표준으로 채택'하게끔 하고 있으며 또한 APEC/CTI 산하의 표준 및 적합성평가소위원회(SCSC : Sub Committee on Standard and Conformance)에서도 회원들의 자국 국가표준을 국제표준과 일치화 할 것을 합의'하여 선진국은 2010년까지 개발도상국은 2020년까지 자국의 표준을 국제표준과 일치화를 완료토록 하였다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.93-95
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• 2003

Owing to WTO/TBT, Many countries are trying to accord their own various national codes and standards with international standards. Also Korean electric power code is being made consistent with the new standards which include the international standards. The new code will affect the many aspects of building construction. In order to cope with the change of the electric power code, this paper analyzed the trend of the international standard(IEC 60364, IEC 61024) and we think this study will help engineers to understand the international electrical standards.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.532-533
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• 2001

여러 가지 화학물질이나 중금속 등에 의한 생물학적 피해가 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 연구 되어 왔는데, 최근 들어 화학물질 가운데 TBTs, PCBs, DBTs 등이 내분비계 장애물질로 분류되어 여러 가지 환경적인 규제의 대상이 되었다. 이 가운데 TBTs는 살충제로서 개발되어 선박 등의 방오도료에 이용되고 있으며, 이들 물질에 장기간 노출된 수 서생물은 생식 및 생리대사에 영향을 받게된다 (Piver, 1973). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.536-537
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• 2001

수생생물에 관한 유기 주석 화합물 (TBT)의 독성적인 영향은 널리 연구되어왔다(Horiguchi et al., 1994). 패류는 어류나 다른 무척추동물에 비해 활동범위가 제한되어 있으며, 굴 종류는 연안에 서식하기 때문에 해양오염의 감시를 위한 수단으로 활용할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있으며 (Lee, 1994), 특히 참굴의 hemolymph는 여러 가지 스트레스 요인에 의해서 그 구성성분이 변동되므로, 연안환경의 오염수준을 감시하는 유용한 수단으로 활용되고 있다 (Xue and Tristan, 2000). (중략)

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.315-330
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• 2020

Although tariffs are falling due to the establishment of WTO and the increase of FTA agreements, Non-tariff measures such as trade remedies, trade technology barriers (TBT), sanitary quarantine (SPS) and customs regulations have become trade barriers, limiting free trade. Korea, which has achieved export-led economic growth, should present countermeasures. As Non-tariff measures are complex and are applied in different countries, Customized countermeasures by type, industry and country should be presented. To this end, non-tariff DB should be established. In order to collect, analyze, and present measures for non-tariff measures, a dedicated organization dedicated to the government is essential. And consultation among the other parties on non-tariff measures is important, and activities are important at the WTO committee. In addition, it is necessary to foster expertise and expertise in non-tariff organizations. Existing research shows non-tariff measures in each country. As existing studies have been analyzed through studies based on the non-tariff measures of each country or reports of international organizations, there are limitations in the identification of regulations and comparative analysis between countries. Therefore, this paper analyzes on the basis of non-tariff measures DB of WTO I-TIP.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2009

This study involves a relationship between butyltins concentrations and histopathological changes of the digestive gland in the equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis exposed to TBTCl of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ for 36 weeks. In the sediment, total butyltin (${\sum}BT$) concentration was detected ND~7.54 (0.4 ${\mu}g/L$), ND~9.76 (0.6 ${\mu}g/L$), 1.22~13.13 ${\mu}g/L$ (0.8 ${\mu}g/L$), respectively. Especially, TBT level in 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ group was the highest for 36 weeks. In the soft tissue, total butyltin (${\sum}BT$) concentration of the exposure group was 10.14~12.75 (control), 479.29~1,286.56 (0.4 ${\mu}g/L$), 563.32~2,154.82 (0.6 ${\mu}g/L$) and 1,317.70~2,132.60 ${\mu}g/L$ (0.8 ${\mu}g/L$), respectively. Ratio of TBT to ${\sum}BT$ of the tissue of 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ kept the lowest level for 36 weeks. The ${\sum}BT$ concentrations of sediment were correlated with ${\sum}BT$ concentrations in the tissue. In the exposure groups, necrosis and atrophy of columnar epithelial cell and collapse of epithelial layer in the digestive tubule. And there was a reduction in stain affinity of basophilic cell. Such histological degenerations was more severe in digestive tubule of 0.8 ${\mu}g/L$ group.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.2 no.4 s.8
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• pp.107-116
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• 2001

As the international trade has been increased, unified worldwide standards are getting more important and necessary. At the TBT(Agreement on Technical Barrier to Trade) of WTO(World Trade Organization) and the CTI meeting of APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), they made an agreement with applying International Standards to National Standards gradually. In addition, ISO (International Organization for Standardization) established the ISO/IEC Guide 21, a guideline for applying International Standards to National Standards. In these environment, Korean Industrial Standards has to be prepared for it. This paper introduce the comparison between Korean Industrial Standards and ISO Standards about the standards of sampling and testing the fresh concrete, based on ISO/IEC Guide 21 by ISO and the Applying guideline by Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, and then discuss the problem about applying them. The overall objective is to establish the applying guideline on construction fields, which is civil and building engineering part(KS F) of Korean Industrial Standards.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.177-183
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• 2004

Cytochrome P45O (CYP) contents and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were determined in hepatic microsome of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to tributyltin chloride (TBTC), tributyltin oxide (TBTO), and triphenyltin chloride (TPTC). In addition, effects of in vivo (intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 mg $kg^{-1}$ BW) exposure of flounder to TPTC on CYP, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 yeductase and EROD levels were measured. In in vitro exposure of hepatic microsome to organotins, TBTC, TBTO and TPTC reduced CYP contents and inhibited EROD activity. The TPTC was the strongest inhibitor, which is followed by TBTO and TBTC. The degree of inhibition, especially EROD acitivity, depended on the exposure duration. In addition, all the target enzymes in flounder were inhibited by TPTC with the in vivo exposure to TPTC. As EROD activity was the most sensitive to the inhibitions and demonstrated good reproducibility of the results, it could be used as a helpful tool toy monitor effects of organotin compounds on mixed funciton oxygenase system in marine fish.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2003

This study was conducted te evaluate the effect of organotin compounds on rotifer(Brachionus plicatilis), which is important as food organism of aqua-cultured fish and shellfish. To evaluate the texicities of tributyltin compounds such as tributyltin chloride (TBTC), tributyltin oxide (TBTO), tributyltin acetate (TBTA) and tributyltin benzoate (TBTB), and triphenyltin compounds such as triphenyltin chloride (TPTC), triphenyltin fluoride (TPTF), triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTB), the survival rates of rotifer exposed to these compounds were measured as the 96 hr-$LC_{50}$. Exposed concentrations Were from 0.5 to 8 bbp depending on compounds. Based on 96 hr-$LC_{50}$ Value, the Order of toxicity in TBTs was TBTA(1.1 ppb)>TBTC (2.0)>TBTB (3.3)>TBTO(5.6), and that in TPTs was TPTF (1.0)$\geq$TPTC(1.1)>TPTH(1.6). Triphenyltin compounds were slightly higher toxic than tributyltins. The toxicity is likely to depend on alkyl or aryl group other than halogen or the other substituted radicals.