• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 1997

This study has been conducted to propose the guidelines for development of ecological urban open space in Korea. The eastern area of Japan was studied as case area. It was classified into sex biotope types and the project background of each sites was analyzed. The contents and technique on the basis concept, survey of environmental and biotic condition planning and design(zoning and use planning, target selection and management), preparation and management of natural environment and management, and monitoring was analyzed. It was planned out the projects in order to create the nature experience space in urban area. It was found that development of ecological urban open space by the biotope creation technic was based on three types(environmental transfer, environmental creation, and environmental inprovement type). Also most cases of projects created the biotope by the conservation of the present enviroment and ecosystem. When the development of ecological urban open space was planned, selection of target species was seemed to very important that clearly propose to the guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.3
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• pp.330-339
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• 2017

In Korea, metropolitan cities and provinces are responsible for setting up their own Regional Forest Plans to manage the forests at regional scales distinguished by administrative boundaries, and the role of the plans are very crucial by linking the Forest Basic Plan for nationwide forest management policy with Forest Management Plans for local-level forest management practices. Thus, the analysis of forest resources at regional levels is required to make more efficient regional forest plans by properly reflecting regional forest situations. This study aims to present which species are concentrated at each individual metropolitan city or province, contributing to more efficiently establishing its regional forest plan. In order to measure the concentration levels of species for each region, Location Quotient and Relative-Specialization Index are computed using area- and volume-data for the major species selected in the Statistical Yearbook of Forestry. As a result, the ranks among the indices of the major species for each individual municipal city and province are presented. The results from this study can contribute to the selection of regional target species and establishment of regional forest management objectives. Further study regarding the differences between the results from area-based and volume-based indices will be helpful to consider regional level productivity by species into the regional forest plans.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 2007

A total of 27 fish species were collected by a gill net in Masan Bay. The dominant fish species were Konosirus punctatus, Mugil cephalus, Engraulis japonicus, Psenopsis anomala, Lateolabrax japonicus, Leiognathus nuchalis, Chelon affinis, Trachurus japonicus, and these accounted for 87.6% of the total numbers. The numerically dominant fish species made up 95.4% of biomass. These were primarily juvenile species or early larger species. Temporal variation in both species composition and abundance was large: the peak number of fishes occurred in March 2005 and July 2005, whilst biomass of fishes was the highest in September 2005 and November 2005. Fish numbers as well as biomass was lowest in November 2005. Temporal changes in the abundance of fishes corresponded with temperature. A gill net can be used as an alternative fishing gear to collect pelagic fishes commercially, although a gill net has a strong selectivity for the target fish species or for size.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

The ultimate target of restoring waste landfills is revegetation. The most effective method for increasing species richness and biomass in nutrient limited waste landfills is the use of fertilizers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer, and the addition of carbon through sawdust, sucrose and litter, on vegetation dynamics at a representative municipal waste landfill in South Korea: Kyongseodong. A total of 288 permanent plots $(0.25m^2)$ were established and treated with nitrogen fertilizer (5, 10 and $20Ng/m^2$), sawdust $(289g/m^2)$ sucrose $(222g/m^2)$ and litter $(222g/m^2)$. The aboveground biomass was significantly enhanced by nitrogen fertilizer at 5 and $10Ng/m^2$, compared with the control plots. The total cover of all plant species increased significantly on plots treated with 5 and $20Ng/m^2$, as well as on those treated with sawdust and sucrose, compared with the control plots. The higher species richness after nitrogen fertilization of 10 to $20Ng/m^2$, and the sawdust and sucrose treatment demonstrated that this was an appropriate restoration option for nutrient deficient waste landfills. This study demonstrated positive nutrient impacts on plant biomass and species richness, despite the fact that municipal waste landfills are ecosystems that are highly disturbed by anthropogenic and internal factors (landfill gas and leachate). Adequate N and C combined treatments will accelerate species succession (higher species richness and perennial increase) for restoration of waste landfills.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.153-165
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to provide basic data for the conservation of wetland ecosystems in the Civilian Control Zone and the management of Yongyangbo wetlands in South Korea. Yongyangbo wetlands have been designated as protected areas. A field survey was conducted across five sessions between April 2019 and August of 2019. A total of 248 taxa were identified during the survey, including 72 families, 163 genera, 230 species, 4 subspecies, and 14 varieties. Their life-forms were Th (therophytes) - R₅ (non-clonal form) - D₄ (clitochores) - e (erect form), with a disturbance index of 33.8%. Three taxa of rare plants were detected: Silene capitata Kom. and Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. known to be endangered species, and Aristolochia contorta Bunge, a least-concern species. S. capitata is a legally protected species designated as a Class II endangered species in South Korea. A total of 26 taxa of naturalized plants were observed, with a naturalization index of 10.5%. There was one endemic plant taxon (Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz). In terms of floristic target species, there was one taxon in class V, one taxon in Class IV, three taxa in Class III, five taxa in Class II, and seven taxa in Class I. Three invasive alien species (Ambrosia trifida L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., and Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc) were observed. For continuous conservation of Yongyangbo Wetlands, it is necessary to remove invasive alien plants and block the inflow of non-point pollutants.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.274-288
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• 2018

Quantitative data of 50 non-polar organic compounds constituting $PM_{2.5}$ were continuously collected and analyzed from June 2016 to October 2017 (approximately 17 months) at Ichihara, one of the largest industrial areas in Japan. Target non-polar organic compounds including 21 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 24 species of n-alkanes and 5 species of phthalate esters(PAEs) were simultaneously measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Basically, the average concentrations of the total PAHs, n-alkanes and PAEs in each season remained nearly level, and seasonal variations were little throughout the study period. These results suggest that the emission sources, which are not influenced by the seasons, are the dominant inputs for the target organic compounds. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, assessment of n-alkane homologue distributions, carbon preference index, and the contribution of wax n-alkanes from plants were used to estimate source apportionments. These results indicate that anthropogenic sources were the main contributor for most PAHs and n-alkanes throughout the study period. The concentrations of PAEs selected in this study were low because emission amounts of these chemicals were little within the source areas of the sampling site. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to simultaneously measure a high number of non-polar organic compounds in $PM_{2.5}$ collected from the ambient air of Japan, and the resultant data will provide valuable data and information for environmental researchers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.391-397
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• 2010

E2F transcription factors and their target genes have been known to play an important role in cell growth control. We found that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical isolated from the plant Curcuma longa, markedly suppressed E2F4 expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Hydrogen peroxide was also found to decrease E2F4 protein level, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in curucmin-induced downregulation of E2F4 expression. Involvement of ROS in E2F4 downregulation in response to curcumin was confirmed by the result that pretreatment of cells with N-acetylcystein (NAC) before exposure of curcumin almost completely blocked the reduction of E2F4 expression at the protein as well as mRNA level. Anti-proliferative effect of curcumin was also suppressed by NAC which is consistent to previous reports showing curcumin-superoxide production and induction of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage as well as apoptosis. Expression of several genes, cyclin A, p21, and p27, which has been shown to be regulated in E2F4-dependent manner and involved in the cell cycle progression was also affected by curcumin. Moreover, decreased (cyclin A) and increased (p21 and p27) expression of these E2F4 downstream genes by curcumin was restored by pretreatment of cells with NAC and E2F4 overexpression which is induced by doxycycline. In addition, E2F4 overexpression was observed to partially ameliorate curcumin-induced growth inhibition by cell viability assay. Taken together, we found curcumin-induced ROS down-regulation of E2F4 expression and modulation of E2F4 target genes which finally lead to the apoptotic cell death in HCT116 colon cancer cells, suggesting that E2F4 appears to be a novel determinant of curcumin-induced cytotoxicity.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the restoration of the restoration technique on fish habitat using a physical habitat simulation in the Wonju-cheon Stream, Korea. The target species were Pungtungia herzi, Zacco platypus, and Zacco Koreanus, a dominant and sub-dominant species in the Wonju-cheon Stream. The River2D model was used for the computation of the flow and the habitat suitability index model was used to estimate the quality and quantity of habitat using habitat suitability curve. To assess the impact of pool-riffle sequence on change of fish habitat, this present study conducted using the each representative distance, namely, 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 300 m. Simulation results indicated that the pool-reffle sequence significantly increased the habitats for the target species than the result without considering pool-riffle sequence. On average, 53% of the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) increased due to pool-riffle sequence in the study area.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.819-824
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• 2001

The principal DNA modification systems of the amino-acid-producing bacteria Corynebacterium glutamicum AS019, Brevibacterium flavum BF4, and B. lactofermentum BL1 was investigated using two approaches; digestion of plasmid DNA isolated from these species TseI and Fnu4HI, and sequence analysis of the putative methyltransferase target sites following the derivatization of DNA using metabisulfite treatment. The C. glutamicum and B. flavum strains showed similar digestion patterns to the two enzymes, indicating that the target for cytidine methyltransferase recognizes 5'-GCSGC-3'(where S is either G or C). Mapping the methylated cytidine sites by bisulfite derivatization, followed by PCR amplification and sequencing, was only possible when the protocol included an additional step eliminating any underivatized DNA after PCR amplification, thereby indicating that the derivatization was not $100\%$ efficient. This may have been due to the high G0C content of this genus. It was confirmed that C. glutamicum AS019 and B. flavum BF4 methylated the cytidine in the $Gm^5CCGC$ sequences, yet there were no similar patterns of methylation in B. lactofermentum, which was consistent with the distinctive degradation pattern seen for the above enzymes. These findings demonstrate the successful application of a modified bisulfite derivatization method with the Corynebacterium species for determining methylation patterns, and showed that different species in the geneus contain distinctive restriction and modification systems.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.spc2
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• pp.823-833
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• 2019

This study presents the impact of natural flow patterns on downstream fish habitat and economic outcomes in the Dal Stream, Korea. The study reach is 3.35 km long, located downstream form the Goesan Dam. To assess such impact, this study performed physical habitat simulations. The River2D model was used for the computation of the flow and the HSI model for the habitat simulation. Two physical habitat variables, flow depth and velocity, were used. The Zacco platypus, Zacco temminckii, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, and Opsariichthys bidens were selected as the target species in the study area. Using the building block approach (BBA), the scenarios for the hydropeaking mitigation were presented. Scenario 1 and scenario 2 were proposed by using the magnitude - duration concept and averaged the hydrologic data over the each month, respectively. Simulation results indicated that the scenarios effects significantly increased by about 18.6% for the weighted usable area (WUA). In addition, hydroelectric power benefits with both scenarios were investigated. It was revealed that the change of storing and releasing water decreased by about 27% for hydroelectric power benefits. In order to increase economic benefits, the scenario was modified with the discharges corresponding to the hydropeaking condition except the flood season. As a result, the hydroelectric power benefits were almost the same, however the aquatic habitat for the target species increased by about 5%. The change of dam re-operations through natural flow patterns provides an opportunity to minimize environmental and economic benefits in order to balance water management.